Kazakhstan Solid Waste Management Project: Kazakhstan is facing a serious problem to effectively manage its solid waste. According to the country's environmental authorities, Kazakhstan has accumulated 23 billion tonnes of solid waste and the amount is increasing at an alarming rate of 700 million tonnes each year. Currently, municipal waste is placed in landfills without pre-sorting or neutralization. Most landfills do not meet sanitation requirements and need remediation. Little effort is put in separating municipal waste at source. The country recycles only 3-5% of all garbage. About half million tonnes of paper and cardboard, 300,000 tonnes of glass, 200,000 tonnes of metal and 500,000 tonnes of plastic are disposed of as trash each year. The Kazakh Government has recently approved a long-term waste management program for the modernization of solid waste management for 2014-2050. The government is committed to improving municipal SWM services with a range of activities from improving waste collection and disposal facilities, to increasing waste recycling and reduction efforts, to legal and institutional strengthening and public awareness and participation. Solid waste management is an area highlighted the Partnership Framework Arrangements between the Kazakh Government and international development and financing institutions including the World Bank. A SWM project is included in the pipeline of PFA for the World Bank. The proposed project aims to assist the government to modernize and improve SWM systems in selected municipalities in Kazakhstan namely Almaty and Astana as suggested in the PFA. The investment activities, subject to further discussion with the government, may cover waste collection, disposal, separation and recycling, as well as technical support to institutional and implementation capacity strengthening and public-private participation. Identification completed on 18 November 2014. Environmental Assessment Category B. US$50.0 (IBRD). Consulting services to be determined. Implementing agency(ies) to be determined.