Contents preface (VII) introduction 1—37
Participation of irrigators in management
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- Fig. 6.1
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6.3.1. Productivity
Productivity is defined as the ratio of output and input. The output can be water delivered, area irrigated, yield, or income, and the input can be water in the root zone, at the farm gate, at the outlet or at upstream points in the system including the point of diversion or storage (10). Fig. 6.1 shows typical points of input and output measurements for different professionals
(1). Improved water supply influences the adoption of high-yielding agricultural practices by farmers which justifies the productivity criterion of performance.
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MANAGEMENT OF CANAL IRRIGATION IN INDIA |
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Rainfall and |
Water available |
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Net (to farmers) |
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other water |
at point of |
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in catchment |
diversion or |
Water at |
Water in |
Gross value |
value of |
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or river |
in storage |
outlet |
root zone Production |
of production |
production |
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Hydrologist
Irrigation
engineer
Agricultural
engineer
Agronomist
Agricultural
economist
A useful
operational
criterion
Fig. 6.1 Typical points of input and output measurements of productivity for different professions (1)
6.3.2. Equity
Equity in canal irrigation systems implies equality, fairness, and even-handed dealing in matters of allocation and appropriation of irrigation water (1). There can be several ways to decide the equality of supplies to different farmers. Two of them, practised throughout the world, are the methods of prior appropriation and of proportionate equality. In the method of prior appropriation, whoever first exploits a resource establishes a right to continue to do so. Thus, head reach farmers and early comers to an irrigation project establish their right over irrigation water, even if it means less water or no water to tail-end farmers or late comers. In the second method of proportionate equality, the supply of water is in proportion to the size of the land-holding as in the warabandi system of north-west India (11). In India, on most canal irrigation systems, water distribution is far from meeting even the criterion of water proportional to land and, hence, both these methods have been criticised for their inequity (1). Attempts to improve equity are usually limited to achieving the supply of water in proportion to the size of the land.
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