Table 1 1: The five general functions of speech acts (Yule 1996: 55) 16
Table 1 2: Gender correlation between English and Vietnamese respondents 33
Table 1 3: Age group correlation between English and Vietnamese respondents 33
Table 1 4: Assessment of socio-cultural factors: Age of co-conversants 37
Table 1 5: Assessment of socio-cultural factors: Manner of communication 38
Table 1 6: Assessment of socio-cultural factors: Setting 39
Table 1 7: Assessment of socio-cultural factors: Gender of co-conversants 40
Table 1 8: Assessment of socio-cultural factors: Social status 41
Table 1 9: Assessment of socio-cultural factors: Length of time you know your co-conversants 42
Table 1 10: Assessment of Social Situations - Sit. A1. Praise on Nice-looking Spouse 44
Table 1 11: Assessment of Social Situations - Sit. A2. Self-praise on New Hairstyle 45
Table 1 12: Assessment of Social Situations - Sit. A3. Disparagement of New Italian Shoes 45
Table 1 13: Assessment of Social Situations - Sit. A4. Miss X Is Getting Too Fat 45
Table 1 14: Assessment of Social Situations - Sit. B2. Bigger Pensions 46
Table 1 15: Assessment of Social Situations - Sit. C1. Mr. Y's Promotion 46
Table 1 16: Assessment of Social Situations - Sit. C4. Voting for Mr. X 47
Table 1 17: Assessment of Social Situations - Sit. D1. Car Expert 47
Table 1 18: Assessment of Social Situations - Sit. D2. Favorite Team's Failure 48
Table 1 19: General Assessment of All Situations by Respondents 49
Table 2 20: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.1. 'She's all right, I suppose.' 71
Table 2 21: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.3. 'Fashions change, you know.' 72
Table 2 22: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.4. ‘We’re very much in agreement, but ….' 73
Table 2 23: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.5. 'Not me, I totally disagree. ' 74
Table 2 24: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.6. 'That's pretty good.' 74
Table 2 25: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.7. 'That may be so, but....' 76
Table 2 26: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.8. ‘Really?’ 77
Table 2 27: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.9. 'No, grandpa, no, no, you're wrong.' 77
Table 2 28: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.10. 'Boring people get bored.' 78
Table 2 29: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4. 11. 'Do you really think so?' 78
Table 2 30: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.12. 'Sorry, but I think it was interesting.' 79
Table 3 31: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Close Friend (Miss X is fat) 105
Table 3 32: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Close Friend (Tax increase) 106
Table 3 33: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Close Friend (Boring party) 107
Table 3 34: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Someone You Dislike (Miss X is fat) 108
Table 3 35: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Someone You Dislike (Tax increase) 108
Table 3 36: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Someone You Dislike (Boring party) 109
Table 3 37: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Colleague, same age & gender (Miss X) 110
Table 3 38: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Colleague, same age & gender (Tax) 110
Table 3 39: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Colleague, same age & gender (Party) 111
Table 3 40: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Older Acquaintance (Miss X is fat) 112
Table 3 41: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Older Acquaintance (Tax increase) 113
Table 3 42: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Older Acquaintance (Boring party) 114
Table 3 43: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Older Boss (Miss X is fat) 114
Table 3 44: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Older Boss (Tax increase) 114
Table 3 45: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Older Boss (Boring Party) 116
Table 4 46: Correlations of content and format in adjacency pair second 123
Table 4 47: The preference ranking of the repair apparatus (Based on Levinson 1983: 341) 130
Table 5 48: Interrelatedness between acceptances/agreements and rejections/disagreements 162
Chart 2 1: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.1. 'She's all right, I suppose.' 71
Chart 2 2: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.3. 'Fashions change, you know.' 72
Chart 2 3: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.4. 'We're very much in agreement, but ....' 73
Chart 2 4: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.5. 'Not me, I totally disagree.' 74
Chart 2 5: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.6. 'That's pretty good.' 75
Chart 2 6: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.7. 'That may be so, but....' 75
Chart 2 7: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.8. 'Really?' 76
Chart 2 8: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.9. 'No, grandpa, no, no, you're wrong.' 77
Chart 2 9: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.10. 'Boring people get bored.’ 78
Chart 2 10: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.11. 'Do you really think so?' 79
Chart 2 11: Assessment of Politeness Level. 4.12. 'Sorry, but I think it was interesting.' 80
Chart 3 12: Possible strategies for doing FTAs 84
Chart 3 13: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Close Friend (Miss X is fat) 105
Chart 3 14: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Close Friend (Tax increase) 105
Chart 3 15: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Close Friend (Boring party) 107
Chart 3 16: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Someone You Dislike (Miss X is fat) 107
Chart 3 17: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Someone You Dislike (Tax increase) 108
Chart 3 18: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Someone You Dislike (Boring party) 109
Chart 3 19: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Colleague, same age & gender (Miss X) 110
Chart 3 20: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Colleague, same age & gender (Tax) 110
Chart 3 21: Choice of Politeness to Disagree with Colleague, same age & gender (Party) 111
Chart 3 22: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Older Acquaintance (Miss X is fat) 112
Chart 3 23: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Older Acquaintance (Tax increase) 112
Chart 3 24: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Older Acquaintance (Boring party) 113
Chart 3 25: Choice of Disagreeing Strategies to Disagree with Older Boss (Miss X is fat) 114
Chart 3 26: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Older Boss (Tax increase) 115
Chart 3 27: Choice of Politeness Strategies to Disagree with Older Boss (Boring Party) 116
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