82 The core function of the proposed treaty on the protection of broadcasting organizations is to restrict uses of signals that are not authorized by the broadcasters. To comprehend the impact of the treaty, it is important to understand the range of unauthorized uses that exist. These uses can be made by individuals20 or enterprises and be either non commercial or commercial in nature. The types of unauthorized use are related to the environments in which signals are distributed (see Figure 2).
Figure 2: Types and Means of Unauthorized Signal Use
83 The broadcast (terrestrial and satellite) environment involves signals that use radio spectrum for signal transmission, whereas the cable environment involves signals using wired infrastructure for signal transmission. Both may involve free or pay services.
84 This section discusses the nature of these uses—involving both free-to-air and paid transmissions—which can be for non-commercial or commercial gain. The economic effects of these differ depending upon the type of broadcasts or cablecasts involved and the uses made. Those effects will be discussed in the following section.
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