En-glish pho-net-ics

BACK VOWELS

/u/	high	close	tense	rounded	stressed
/ʊ/	high	open	lax	rounded	stressed
/o/	mid	close	tense	rounded	stressed
/ɔ/	Low-mid	open	lax	rounded	stressed
/ɑ/	low	open	lax	unrounded	stressed

THE SOUNDS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH

e

æ

ɪ

ə

ʌ

ʊ

i

ɜ

ɑ

u

ɔ

ɪr

ʊr

ɛr

eɪ

ɔɪ

aɪ

oʊ

aʊ

eɪə

ɔɪə

aɪə

oʊə

aʊə

b	dʒ	d	ð	g	ʒ	l	m	n
ŋ	r	v	w	j	z

tʃ

f

h

k

p

s

ʃ

t

θ

LAX	/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/æ/	/ɚ/	/ʌ/	/ə/	/ʊ/	/ɔ/	/ɑ/
TENSE	/i/	/e/	/a/	/ɜ/	/u/	/o/

FRONT VOWELS	i	ɪ	eɪ	ɛ	æ
CENTRAL VOWELS	ə	ʌ
BACK VOWELS	uw	ʊ	ow	ɔ	a/ɑ

SYMBOLS FOR AMERICAN ENGLISH VOWEL SOUNDS

i^y ɪ		u^w ʊ
e^y ɛ	ə ʌ	o^w
æ		ɑ

BRITISH PRONUNCIATION VERSUS AMERICAN PRONUNCIATION

BRITISH ENGLISH	AMERCAN ENGLISH
/iː/	/i/ = /i^y/
/e/	/e/ = /ɛ/
/æ/	/a/
/ɪ/	/ɪ/
/ə/	/ə/
/ʌ/	/ʌ/ = /ə/
/ʊ/	/ʊ/
/ɜː/	/ɜr/ = /əɾ/ = /ɚ/
/ɑː/	/ɑ/
/uː/	/u/ = /uw/
/ɔː/	/ɔ/
/ɒ/	/ɑ/
/ɒ/	/ɔ/
/ɪə^r/	/ɪr/
/ʊə^r/	/ʊr/
/eə^r/	/er/
/eɪ/	/eɪ/ = /e^y/
/ɔɪ/	/ɔɪ/ = /ɔ^y/
/aɪ/	/aɪ/ = /a^y/
/əʊ/	/oʊ/ = /o^w/
/aʊ/	/aʊ/ = /a^w/
/eɪə^r/	/eɪɚ/ = /e^yər/
/ɔɪə^r/	/ɔɪɚ/ = /ɔ^yər/
/aɪə^r/	/aɪɚ/ = /a^yər/
/əʊə^r/	/oʊɚ/ = /o^wər/
/aʊə^r/	/aʊɚ/ = /a^wər/

CONTRACTION (BECOMING SMALLER) IN ENGLISH PHONETIC SYMBOLS

SHORT VOWEL PHONEMES (BECOMING SMALLER=SHORTER)	LONG VOWEL PHONEMES (BECOMING LARGER=BIGGER)
/e/	/eː/ = /ɛ/
/ɪ/	/iː/ = /i/
/ə/	/ɜː/ = /ɜ/
/ʌ/ /a/	/ɑː/ = /ɑ/
/ʊ/	/uː/ = /u/
/ɒ/	/ɔː/ = /ɔ/

LONG VOWEL PHONEMES
British English	American English
/iː/	/i/
/ɜː/	/ɜ/
/ɑː/	/ɑ/
/uː/	/u/
/ɔː/	/ɔ/

AMERICAN ENGLISH VERSUS BRITISH ENGLISH

AMERICAN ENGLISH		BRITISH ENGLISH
/æ/	/kænt/	/ɑː/	/kɑːnt/
/ɚ/	/stɚ/	/ɜː/	/stɜː^r/
/ɑ/	/hɑt/	/ɒ/	/hɒt/
/ɔ/	/dɔg/	/ɒ/	/dɒg/
/ɪr/	/hɪr/	/ɪə/	/hɪə^r/
/ʊr/	/tʊr/	/ʊə/	/tʊə^r/
/er/	/her/	/eə/	/heə^r/
/oʊ/	/goʊ/	/əʊ/	/gəʊ/
/r/	/kɑr/	/-/	/kɑː^r/

MANNER OF ARTICULATION

STOPS	p	b	t	d	k	g
AFFRICATES	tʃ	dʒ
FRICATIVES	f	v	θ	ð	s	z	ʃ	ʒ	h
NASALS	m	n	ŋ
SEMI-VOWELS	w	j
LATERAL	l
RETROFLEX	r