Federal political system resolve the problem of premature dissolutions of government in

6.1.2 Contribution to practice 
The researcher's contribution to practice in this thesis encompasses two things. 
First, a wider perspective in the practice of constitutional reform which challenges 
a pro-British mindset, the legacy of the British administration in legislation and 
408
These flaws mainly refer to the method of presidential election and the enormous presidential 
executive powers which can be misused by a primitive democracy such as Pakistan. 
409
Such as indirect election of Senate and the patronage system.

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legal culture and animosity to the USA. Second, a response to established and 
conservative beliefs of key actors in legal practice (the intelligentsia, judges, lawyers) 
about the adequacy of the current system and the possibility of change. Both can 
be the foundation for changes in law reform practice. 
A wider perspective in the practice of constitutional reform 
The wider perspective is represented by the use of the USA as a comparator. The 
researcher has observed a reluctance in the Pakistani intelligentsia, particularly in 
the right wing parties, towards adopting the ways of the USA. His findings provide 
an opportunity to challenge this animosity against the USA that is prevalent 
amongst politicians, members of the judiciary and constitutional lawyers.
The researcher is fully aware of the place of Islam in Pakistan's culture, after all the 
country was created in the name of Islam, where the Muslims of India could live 
according to Islamic practices and customs. The constitutional instruments 
discussed in this thesis, therefore, throughout the history of Pakistan enshrined 
basic Islamic principles and elevated them to a position of untouchability.
Principles of Islam, therefore, transcend, rather than impact on, the stability or 
otherwise of individual governments. 
Further discussion about the state religion is beyond the scope of this thesis since 
the place of religion is not effected. Nevertheless, none of the reforms proposed 
through this thesis clash with Islamic virtues. The researcher, therefore, suggests 
that constitutional reforms are possible, and that using a template taken from the 
USA does not prejudice Pakistani autonomy or religious culture. This is because it 
is only a template, which can and should be adapted to Pakistani culture where 
Islam is given a superior place.
A response to conservative beliefs of key actors that can be the foundation for changes 
in law reform practice 

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The conservatism is represented first by an allegiance to the British legal system as 
a post-colonial legacy Key local legal instruments i.e., Civil Law,
410
Criminal Law
411
and Law of Evidence
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are those drafted and enacted by the British rulers.
Second, there is an inherent reluctance to be open about the idea of adopting a 
presidential form of government. It is assumed that any presidential system must 
be that of General Khan (at 4.3.3). There are fears about despotism. Here too the 
use of the USA as a comparator demonstrates that key factors of its system such 
as separation of powers and checks and balances in the context of political system 
are capable of addressing this concern. There are also fears of change, based on an 
assumption that since the current constitution was reached by consensus, any 
proposal for change would be strongly opposed.
The researcher’s approach, however, demonstrates that such fears can be 
addressed. The country does not have to abrogate or subvert the constitution 
entirely as a small number of constitutional amendments can address these issues.
As an experiment, therefore, this thesis provides an example of the use of a wider 
and more creative perspective in constitutional reform, which can be adopted by 
lawyers or politicians as an enduring part of their practice as reformers. This then 
links with the final recommendations for policy and future research, designed to 
further the contribution to practice represented by this thesis.