Gender Disparity: Its Manifestations, Causes and Implications

Table 4: Proportion (%) of Agricultural Labour to Main Workers by States, Sex, Rural & Urban: 1991 & 2001

	Person						Male						Female
	Total		Rural		Urban		Total		Rural		Urban		Total		Rural		Urban
States	1991	2001	1991	2001	1991	2001	1991	2001	1991	2001	1991	2001	1991	2001	1991	2001	1991	2001
India	26.1	20.3	31.6	26.4	6.7	3.6	20.8	17.12	26	23.1	5.4	2.8	44.2	30.7	48.5	35.6	15.5	7.8
AP	40.9	33.8	47.5	41.4	12.6	5	30.6	26.4	37.3	34.2	9	3.8	60.3	48.8	63.7	53.6	29.2	10.9
ARP	5.1	2.6	5.5	2.9	1.7	0.9	5.1	2.7	5.7	3.2	1.4	0.8	5.1	2.4	5.2	2.6	3.7	1.2
ASS	12.1	8.9	13.3	10.4	1.7	0.6	12.1	9.2	13.5	10.9	1.6	0.5	12	7.6	12.6	8.4	2.3	0.8
BIH	37.1	42.8	40.2	46.2	11.8	9.7	32.9	39.3	35.9	42.7	10.6	8.6	59.3	60.4	61.2	62.7	25.9	19.9
DEL	0.8	0.2	6.4	1.8	0.3	0.1	0.8	33	6	1.6	0.3	0.1	1.1	0.5	10.8	3	0.4	0.3
GOA	9.2	2.8	13.3	5	3.3	0.7	6.7	2.1	9.9	3.8	2.4	0.6	16.7	5.1	21.8	8.6	6.8	1.3
GUJ	22.9	17.9	30.7	26.3	4.7	2.2	17.6	14.9	24.5	23.3	3.7	1.7	45.1	29.5	50.6	34.7	13.8	5.8
HAR	19	9.7	23.4	12.8	5.3	1.7	18.4	9.4	22.7	12.8	5.2	1.5	25	11.1	29.6	12.7	5.8	2.9
HP	3.3	1.8	3.5	2	1.4	0.4	3.8	2	4.1	2.2	1.4	0.4	2	1.5	2	1.6	1	0.4
J&K		4		5		1.3		4.2		5.4		1.4		2.6		3		1
KAR	28.9	19.5	35.9	26.4	8.2	4	20.4	14.1	26.4	19.9	5.8	2.8	49.7	33.3	55.6	40.4	18.5	8.3
KER	25.5	12.4	30.9	15.8	11	3.2	22.4	11.1	27	14.2	9.7	2.8	36.1	17.3	42.2	21.6	15.8	4.7
MP	23.5	20.3	27	25.2	7.1	3.6	17.7	17	21.2	22.1	5.1	2.7	37.5	29.5	39.3	32.6	19.2	8.6
MAH	26.8	22	36.6	33.3	5	2.8	18.7	16.1	28.5	27.6	3.3	1.9	43.7	35.8	48.7	42.7	14.5	7.4
MAN	6.7	9.3	6.5	6.8	7.4	5.1	4.6	5.9	4.6	6.4	4.7	4.6	9.6	7.2	9	7.5	12.6	6.2
NAG	1.4	1.7	1.4	1.9	1.7	0.6	1.7	1.7	1.7	2	1.7	0.4	1	1.7	1	1.7	1.5	1.3
ORI	28.7	21.9	31.4	25.5	8.1	2.7	22.8	19.6	25.2	23.1	6.7	2.4	55.1	33.3	57.8	37.2	19.8	4.9
PUN	23.8	13.5	30.7	18.8	7.2	2.9	23.8	13.9	30.4	19.9	7.5	2.9	24.4	11.7	41.5	14.3	3.6	2.9
RAJ	10	5.8	11.5	6.9	3.7	1.2	8	5.1	9.3	6.4	3.3	1	18.2	7.7	19.3	8.2	8	2.9
SIK	7.8	4.3	8.5	4.7	0.7	0.2	8	4.1	8.9	4.6	0.6	0.2	7.4	4.7	7.7	5.1	0.8	0.2
TN	34.6	25.5	44.7	36.4	7.7	9.1	26.3	20.1	36	30.6	5.9	7	53.8	37.4	60.9	46.3	16.2	16.2
TRI	23.4	18.5	26.5	22.2	5.7	1.5	21.9	17.1	24.8	20.6	6.1	1.6	30.5	24.3	34.7	29	3.1	1.1
UP	18.9	15.1	21.5	18.1	7.2	3.6	16.7	14	18.9	16.9	7	3.5	35.8	22.8	38.6	26	10.3	4
WB	24.6	19.6	32.2	27.6	3.4	1.1	22.6	19.2	30	27.1	3.3	1.1	37.9	22.1	45.9	30	4.4	1.2
CV	0.62	0.72	0.82	0.92	1.02	1.12	1.22	1.32	1.42	1.52	1.62	1.72	1.82	1.92	2.02	2.12	2.22	2.32
Source : Census of India, 1991, 2001.
Note: Proportion of (total/male/female) agricultural labourer = (No. of (total/male/female) agricultural labourer/ No. of total respective main workers)x100

Table 5 : Agricultural Wages in Real Rs. by States: Female & Male: 1991 & 2001 [Base: 1960-61=100]
Indian	Real	Real	Gr 80-81	Real	Gr 90-91	Real AWM	Real AWM	Gr 80-81 to	2000-01 A	Gr 90-91	col 2/col 7	col 3/ col 8	col 5/ col 10
States	AWF	AWF	to 90-91	AWF	to 00-01	1980-81	1990-91	90-91	Real AWM	to 00-01	FW/MW	FW/MW	FW/MW
	1980	1990		2000							1980-81	1990-91	2000-01
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
AP	1.28	1.92	4.93	2.06	0.75	1.77	2.8	5.85	2.87	0.23	73	68	72
ARP	1.51	2.19	4.47	1.8	-1.8	1.81	2.94	6.23	2.71	-0.78	84	75	66
ASS	1.51	2.19	4.47	1.8	-1.8	1.81	2.94	6.23	2.71	-0.78	84	75	66
BIR	1.27	2.06	6.21	2.03	-0.16	1.4	2.24	5.99	2.56	1.42	91	92	79
DEL	2.28	2.72	1.92	9.29	24.17	2.97	3.78	2.74	11.51	20.45	77	72	81
GOA	3.11	3.37	0.84	2.91	-1.36	3.07	4.63	5.11	3.71	-1.99	101	73	78
GUJ	1.83	2.02	1	2.34	1.6	2.13	2.57	2.05	3.49	3.58	86	79	67
HAR	2.28	2.72	1.92	9.29	24.17	2.97	3.78	2.74	11.51	20.45	77	72	81
HP	1.87	2.15	1.48	7.13	23.2	1.91	3.16	6.57	13.28	32.01	98	68	54
J&K	1.62	2.22	3.7	2.07	-0.65	1.94	2.98	5.37	3.13	0.51	84	75	66
KAR	1.28	1.8	4.06	1.22	-3.2	1.61	1.92	1.91	1.71	-1.12	79	94	72
KER	2.28	2.28	-0.02	3.47	5.24	2.98	3.65	2.24	5.74	5.72	77	62	60
MP	0.99	1.72	7.34	2.06	1.96	1.13	2.03	7.87	2.6	2.82	88	85	79
MAH	0.95	1.56	6.39	1.56	-0.01	1.36	2.51	8.43	2.53	0.08	70	62	61
MAN	1.51	2.19	4.47	1.8	-1.8	1.81	2.94	6.23	2.71	-0.78	84	75	66
MEG	1.51	2.19	4.47	1.54	-2.97	1.81	2.94	6.23	2.32	-2.1	84	75	66
MIZ	1.51	2.19	4.47	1.8	-1.8	1.81	2.94	6.23	2.71	-0.78	84	75	66
NAG	1.51	2.19	4.47	1.8	-1.8	1.81	2.94	6.23	2.71	-0.78	84	75	66
ORR	0.93	1.5	6.08	1.37	-0.82	1.1	1.74	5.87	1.69	-0.3	85	86	81
PUN	2.82	3.25	1.55	4.74	4.57	2.78	4.47	6.11	6.04	3.51	101	73	78
RAJ	1.33	1.59	1.97	2.31	4.56	2.09	2.85	3.6	4.45	5.65	63	56	52
SIK	1.51	2.19	4.47	1.8	-1.8	1.81	2.94	6.23	2.71	-0.78	84	75	66
TN	1.2	1.51	2.6	1.35	-1.01	1.51	1.97	3.01	2.42	2.3	79	77	56
TRI	1.86	2.72	4.6	3.31	2.19	1.86	2.72	4.61	3.35	2.32	100	100	99
UP	1.27	2.03	5.93	3.06	5.08	1.48	2.22	5.05	3.32	4.94	86	91	92
WB	1.43	2.02	4.2	2.25	1.14	1.76	3.07	7.41	3.71	2.07	81	66	61
Mean	1.63	2.17	3.77	2.93	2.99	1.94	2.91	5.24	4.16	3.77	83.86	75.8	70.56
CV	33.06	21.83	51.31	76.61	269.94	28.93	24.62	34.88	74.64	215.49	10.93	13.55	15.91