Microsoft Word 05 descriptions doc

linguistic mediation
” 
(
Sprachmittlung
) became the wider object of study (see Kade 1980), rising above a 
narrow conception of translation, and Kade coined the neologism 
Translation
, in 
German
, to cover both written translation and oral interpreting. The work in Leipzig 
was also important for the re-definition of “translation shifts,” since the research by 
Kade and Neubert increasingly focused on text-level relations. One should also admit 
that the school’s relation with official Marxist ideology sometimes went beyond mere 
lip-service. When 
Kade
approached linguistic mediation as a social phenomenon, he 
sought the causes of translation problems not in the mysteries of language but in the 
“non-corresponding” development of two historical societies. The systemic thought is 
clear, wide-ranging and important, as indeed it is in Marx. The main work of Leipzig, 
however, was on non-literary translation at text level, without major investigation of 
social systems. As such, it did not become an integral part of the way the descriptive 
paradigm developed (the early paradigm tended to be literary and systemic). It instead 
fed into the development of the equivalence paradigm, which is where we have noted 
Kade’s work on types of equivalence; it had a terminological influence on general 
purpose-based approaches, which adopted the German term 
Translation
, as well as the 
general penchant for re-naming things; some of its terms and basic text-functional 
insights helped fuel the development of 
Skopos
theory; and Kade had his word to say in 
the development of Interpreting Studies (see Pöchhacker 2004: 34-35). That said, the 
Leipzig School’s impetus and identity did not live far beyond the fall of the Berlin Wall 
in 1989, at least not within Germany. 
Albrecht Neuber
t has helped to foster text-
linguistic approaches in the United States, largely thanks to an exchange program 
between Leipzig and Kent State, and