O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta’lim vazirligi mirzo ulug’bek nomidagi o’zbekiston milliy universiteti

Direct and indirect speech
O’zgalar nutqini aynan tarjima qilgan holda berilishi ko’chirma gap deyiladi (Direct Speech) deyiladi.Nutq mazmuni saqlangan holda ergashgan qo’shma gap qilib berilishi o’zlashtirma gap (Indirect Speech) deyiladi.
Direct Speech Indirect Speech

He says, “I shall do this work”. He says (that) he do this work.

Ko’chirma gapni o’zlashtirma gapga aylantirganda zamonlar moslashuvi qoidasiga amal qilinadi. Agar bosh gapning kesimi o’tgan zamonda kelsa, kishilik, egalik olmoshlari va ayrim so’zlar o’zgaradi: this-that, these-those, now-then, to-day-that-day, to-morrow the next day, yesterday-the day before, ago-before, here-there va boshqalar.

So’roq gaplarni (umumiy so’roq) o’zlashtirma gapga aylantirganda, to’ldiruvchi ergash gap bosh gapga if (whether) “agar” yordamida, mahsus so’roq gaplar esa, who, which, whose, when, why, how many bilan boglanadi.

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

He asked me, “Do you know the way He asked me if (whether) I knew

to the station?” the way to the station.

He asked me, “Where do you live?” He asked me where I live.

Buyruq mayli ishlatilgan qo’chirma gapdagi fe’l o’zlashtirma gapda infinitivga aylantiriladi.

Agar ko’chirma gapda buyruq ohangi berilsa, ko’chirma gapdagi to say o’zlashtirma gapda to tell yoki order (buyruq) ga aylantiriladi.

Agar ko’chirma gap iltimosni anglatsa, to say fe’li to ask (so’ramoq,iltimos qilmoq) bo’lib o’zgaradi.
Direct speech Indirect speech

He said, “Do it for me”. He asked to do it for him.

III. Quyidagi gaplarni o’zlashtirma gapga aylantiring:
He says: “I live in Tashkent”.

Ann said: “I was in England with a group of students”.

The man said: “I’m very busy today”.

The teacher said: “We shall finish lesson in five minutes”.

The girl asked: “Where is the map of England?”

“Can your friend show me Moscow on the map?” the teacher asked.

“What is your name?” she asked me.

“The students can’t read German well”, the teacher said.

“May I invite Nick to our house?” Pete said.

“I couldn’t watch TV yesterday” – my sister said.