Search York

the place where it was printed, namely, London, and the

persons who printed it, namely, John Day and Wilham

42 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

BOOK Seres, dwelling then in Sepulchre's parish, at the sign of

^' the Resurrection, a httle above Holborn conduit: both

Anno 1547. which were omitted in the first edition. The book was thus

entitled: J simple and religious Consultation of us, Her-

man, hy the grace of God Archbishop of Colen, and Prince

Elector, ^c. hy what means a Christian reformation, and

founded in God's word, of doctrine, administration of the

divine sacraments, of ceremonies, of the whole cure of

souls, and other ecclesiastical ministries, may be begun

among men committed to our charge, U7itil the Lord grant

a better, to be appointed either by a free ajid Christian

coimcil, general or national, or else by the States of the

empire qjfthe nation of Germany, gathered together in the

27 Holy Ghost. It is an excellent book, and was compiled, if

I mistake not, by the pains and learning of Melancthon

and Bucer, and reviewed, examined, and allowed by the

Elector himself. It treated distinctly of all these heads

following :
That some lessons might be recited out of the holy Scrip-

ture, before a sermon, and declared unto the people.

That all sermons might be made to the magnifying of

the Lord Christ.

Of the Trinity.
Of the creation and governance of all things.
Of the cause of sin and death.
Of original sin, and man's weakness before regeneration.
Of the Old Testament.
Of the difference of the Old and New Testament.
Of preaching peculiar to the New Testament.
Of the preaching of repentance.
Of the true and proper use of God's law.
A short exposition of the Ten Commandments.
Of remission of sins, and justification.
Of good works.
Of the true and natural signification of the won] faith.
Of the cross and tribulations of the Church of God.
Of the unity and concord of the Church.
Of Christian prayer.

OF KING EDWARD VI. 4'3

A short exposition of the Lord's Prayer. C H AP.
Of abuse in prayer.

Of the true and false use of images. Anno 1547,

Of Christian fast.

Of holy offerings.

A premonition and commandment against the error of

the Anabaptists.

Of the administration of religion.

Of sacraments generally.

Of baptism.
The form of a catechism before baptism.

The exorcism.

Of the administration of baptism.
How baptism must be administered at times and places

prescribed.

Of confirmation.

Of the Lord's Supper.

At what time the Lord's Supper ought to be celebrated.

Of the communion of strangers and sick folk.

How sick persons must be visited, and how we must ce-

lebrate the communion with them.

Of communion in private houses for men in health.
Of turning from sin, and true repentance.
Of excommunication.
Of making of Pastors.
Of the blessing of marriages.
Of burying on holy and feastful days.
Of fasting-days and Lent.
Of the difference of meats.
Of certain other rites and ceremonies of the Church.
Of ecclesiastical rites upon working-days.
Of peculiar days of procession.
Of Litany.
Of common alms.
Of schools for children.
Of schools of Divinity.
Of disputation.

44 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

BOOK By what means a Christian reformation of holy mini'fetry

and cure of souls may be begun and practised in parishes.

Anno 1547. Of reforming of canonical colleges.

Of the reformation of monasteries both of men and wo-

men.
Of free and not monastical colleges of virgins.

Of the order of eel-brethren and lay-brethren.

28 And to open the eyes of the people to see the irreligion

of the mass, and to prepare them to desire the abolishing

of the same, this same year 1547. came forth another book

translated into English out of French, written by Anthony

Marcort of Geneva, entitled, A Declaration of the Mass :

the Fruit thereof, the Cause and the Means ; i. e. [the in-

printed in terim] wherefore and how it ought to be maintained. It

"^ '* ' was printed at Wittenberg by Hans Luft. In this book

are shewn certain damnable abuses that be in the mass,

contrary to the holy Scripture ; and sundry/ fruits of the

mass, viz. 1. Multitude of prebends. 2. Multitude of

priests. 3. Multitude of^ temples and chapels. 4. Multi-

tude of altars. 5. Divers oblations and offerings. 6. Worldly

riches and pride. 7. Idleness and truantisse of the shaven.

8. Multitude of harlots. 9- Feigned hours and prayers.

10. Detestable hypocrisy. 11. Devouring of widows, or-

phans, and the poor. 12. Renouncing and destroying of

the death and passion of Christ.
And about the same season another book, translated in

our tongue, appeared abroad, of the same subject, entitled.

The Disclosing of the Canon of the Popish Mass. With a

sermon aiineoced unto it of the famous Clerk of worthy me-

mory. Dr. Martiji Luther. In the preface to the reader,

he is bid " to lift up his eyes and behold the abomination

" of idolatry so shamefully used in those days, and not only

" used, but with force and main fortified and upholden

" with fire and fagot, crudelity and strength ; and so sore

" upholden, that the eternal word of God is clearly ba-

" nished.'" And it is called, " the most shameful mass and

" gazing-stock, the wicked mass, the upspring of Satan, the

OF KING EDWARD VI. 45

" invention of the Devil, the fair fruit of the Romish raven- CHAP.

" ing Antichrist, and the laderhouse of all his shaven pos- '

" terity." This book, for the concealing the printer, is said Anno 1547.

to be imprinted. Have at all Papists, by me Hans Hit-

prick. But to come to some other books that now were

published by the present authority, and for public use.
The Paraphrase of Erasmus upon the four Gospels and The Eng-

the Acts, was now printed in English, (for the other parts phrase of

of the New Testament were not yet finished,) having been Erasmus,

translated by the procurement and charge of that pious

good Lady, Katharine Par, Queen Dowager ; for the help-

ing of the ignorant multitude towards more knowledge of

the holy Scriptures, and of their duty towards God and

their neighbours. In this work she chiefly employed Nico-

las Udal, (who called himself her servant,) an excellent

grammarian and instructor of youth, as well as a learned

divine ; afterward a Prebendary of Windsor : a person he

was that devoted himself wholly, during his life, to writing

or translating matters that might be of public profit and

use. This, as he declared in one of his epistles dedicatory,

he fully minded and intended. Divers select persons were

made use of in this translation, that it might the more

speedily and correctly be done for the common benefit.

Udal translated the paraphrase upon St. Luke: and that The trans-

which he did besides was, the digesting and placing theudai. '

texts throughout all the Gospels and the Acts, (except the

Gospel of St. Mark done by another,) to the intent the

reader might perceive, where and how the process and cir-

cumstance of the paraphrase answered to the text, and how

it was joined with it. He was rewarded with a prebend of

Windsor anno 1551, and the next year with the parsonage

of Colborn in the Isle of Wight.

This Udal, Leland the antiquarian honoured with a 29

copy of verses upon a book that he set forth, anno 1544, Leiand's

called Flores Terentii, appropriated to the use of learners g^P[^"^J^^'[["

of the Latin tongue, his scholars; consisting of phrases mendation

taken out of Terence, explained and illustrated by him in

English : printed by Berthelet. Before it are these verses

46

MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

BOOK of Leland, in commendation of the book and author : which

I will take leave here to set down.

Ca7ididus exactam monstrare Terentius artem

Eloquii novit, Roma diserta, tui.

Illius ex liorto Jlores selegit amcenos

Udallus cupidcB sedulus instar apis.

Quodque labor pueris studiosis gratior esset^

Transtidit in patrios verba Latina sonos.

Insuper et scholion faciindce, munera lingua

Addidit, cBterna vivere digna cedro.

Vos igitur, Juvenes, Udallum ornate, Britannia

Sicfluat ^ vestro comicus ore lepos.
Thomas Key, Registrary of Oxford, translated the pa-

raphrase upon St. Mark, by the motion of Dr. Owen, the

King's Physician. He was rewarded afterwards, in the

year 1551, with the mastership of University college,

Oxon, by letters recommendatory from the King.
The Lady Mary, upon the suggestion of Queen Katha-

rin, employed herself in the translation of the paraphrase

upon St. John. But being cast into sickness, partly by

overmuch study in this work, after she had made some pro-

gress therein, she left the doing of the rest to Dr. Malet her

chaplain. But certain it is, she took a great deal of pains

in it, and went through a good part of it : and perhaps this

she did, the better to please the King her father, (for this

translation was taken in hand in his time,) who was of

opinion, that the knowledge of the Scripture should be

communicated to the people. The said Queen Katharine,

in September, in a letter elegantly penned in Latin, had

desired the Lady Mary to get her said translation with all

care and diligence revised, and then with speed to send it

to her, calling it " her most fair and useful work f** that so

she (the Queen) might with the rest commit it to the press.

Desiring withal to know of her, whether it should be pub-

lished in her name, or concealed under some unknown au-

thor. Yet she added, " that in her opinion she would seem

" to do a wrong to her own work, if she should refuse to

OF KING EDWARD VI. 47

" commend it to posterity under the advantage of her own CHAP.

" name : in which her accurate translation she had gone

" through so much pains for the pubhc good, and would Anno 1547.

" have undertaken more, had her health permitted. She
" saw not, she said, why she should reject the praise which
'' all deservedly would give her. Yet she left all to her
" own prudence; as being ready to approve of that most
" which she thought best to be done." To which I add,
John Old, who also seems to have been a teacher of G. h.

youth, as well as a teacher of the Gospel, preferred to the

vicarage of Cobington in Warwickshire by the Duchess

of Somerset, at the suit of Hugh Latymer, translated the

paraphrase upon all the canonical epistles, and dedicated

them to the said Duchess, anno 1549. Besides these, he

translated also seven of St. PauPs Epistles thus para- 30

phrased, namely, to the Ephesians, the Philippians, both

to the Thessalonians, both to Timothy, and to Philemon.

Which he did at the solicitation of Edward Whitchurch,

an eminent printer of church books in this time. Who came

to him and told him, that none were yet appointed to trans-

late those Epistles, and that it was necessary the whole vo-

lume should be finished and printed off by such a time

(which drew on) according to the King's injunctions : which

enjoined every priest, under such a degree in the Schools,

to read them. Before the Epistle to the Ephesians the trans-

lator hath a prologue to the reader. This man being a Doc-

tor of Divinity got a prebend in the church of Hereford;

but not before the year 1552.

Leonard Cox, a schoolmaster also, and preacher, was the Cox.

translator of the paraphrased Epistle to Titus. Which he

dedicated to John Hales, a learned and good man. Clerk of

the Hanaper.

The exposition of the Revelations was none of Erasmus''s, Allen,

(neither did he make any paraphrase upon that mysterious

book,) but was the work of Leo Jude, writ originally in the

German language, and translated into English by Edmund

Allen, a learned Minister of the Gospel, and in nomination

for a bishopric in the beginning of Queen Elizabeth.

48 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

BOOK Who they were that turned the paraphrase upon St. Mat-

^' thew and the Acts, and who those on the Epistles to the

Anno 1547. Romans, the Corintliians, and the Colossians, I cannot trace,

the translators choosing rather to lie concealed. But I am apt

to think Queen Katharin herself might do one at least, and

perhaps that upon St. Matthew.

This work The putting of this paraphrase into English was under-

under"King taken before King Henry's death. For in 1545 Udal had

Henry. finished his translation upon Luke, and dedicated it to

Queen Katharin. Which makes me suppose these para-

phrases were countenanced by that King, and had been se,^

forth by his order, if he had lived.

The para- The whole paraphrase upon the New Testament was

printed printed at least twice under King Edward. The first edi-

twice. tion was, as was said, about 1547, which was only of the

Gospels and the Acts. The rest of the New Testament was

not so ready for the press, and came not forth till about

1549. The second impression was in the year 1552. Both

printed by Edward Whitchurch. The paraphrase upon the

Gospels was ushered in with three epistles ; all composed

by Udal : one to the King, another to Queen Katharin,

and the third to the reader. The paraphrase upon the

Epistles, containing the second volume, was dedicated also to

the King by Miles Coverdale.

The good Qf Erasmus, in this paraphrase, thus speaketh the afore-

thepara- said Udal: he " bringeth in and briefly compriseth the

phrase. « p^j-^ ^f ^he minds and meanings of all the good Doctors

'' of the Church, that ever writ, in justification of faith, in

" honouring God only, in repentance and purity of a

" Christian man's life, in detesting of imagery, and corrupt

" honouring of saints, in opening and defacing the tyranny,

" the blasphemy, the hypocrisy, the ambition and usurpa-

" tion of the see of Rome ; in noting the abuses of all the

" abominable sects and rabbles of counterfeit religions and

" idle cloisters ; in bewraying the juggling sleights and fine

" practices of Popery, in choice of meats, in esteeming the

31 " difference of days, in manifesting of vain ceremonies, in

" the colour and pretence of holiness, crept into Christ's

OF KING EDWARD VI. 49

Church ; in reprehending of pilgrimages with all the cir- CHAP.

cumstances of idolatry and superstition ; in describing of

" a prince's office; in teaching obedience of the people to- Anno 1547.

" wards their rulers and governors; in declaring of a

" pastor's duty ; in shewing the part of an evangelical

" preacher, and what and how his doctrine ought to be

" out of the Scriptures."" But notwithstanding all this good

in these paraphrases, yet would the Bishop of Winton

fain have suppressed them, and wrote earnestly to the Pro-

tector against them; nibbling against some passages in

them.
The Archbishop of Canterbury had taken care to pre- The homi-

pare certain pious homilies, to be made and pubUshed, with Jj^^ dishked

command to be read by such priests as could not preach ;

that so the poor people might have some means of instruc-

tion. But it is strange to consider, how any thing, be it

never so beneficial and innocent, oftentimes give offence.

For a great many, both of the laity as well as the Clergy,

could not digest these homilies. And therefore sometimes

when they were read in the church, if the parishioners

liked them not, there would be such talking and babbling in

the church, that nothing could be heard. And if the pa-

rish were better affected, and the priest not so, then he

would " so hawk it, and chop it," (I use the words of old

Latimer,) " that it were as good for them to be without Latimer

" it, for any word that could be understood." But some ^^"^^^^'iJ'^;^^

priests would indeed read them very well. This ill prac-miiies.

tice the bishops winked at, and suffered in their dioceses.

Which was so much known and dishked, that the aforesaid

reverend Father complained to the King of it, and was a in his se-

suitor to him, that he would give the bishops charge, ere J^"^ ^^ J^^.^

they went home, upon their allegiance, to look better to him.

their flocks, and to see the King's injunctions better kept.

This book of homilies was twice printed by Grafton, anno n. Batteiy.

1547. The latter impression had this advantage, that in

some places the English was mended, and the style cor-

rected and much refined, otherwise the same. Doubtless

the first impression was found not sufficient to furnish all

VOL. II. E

50 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

BOOK the churches and chapels of the kingdom, and for the use

of private persons also : and so the book was soon after re-

Anno 1547. vised and printed again. Before the book was a preface by

the King, with the advice of the Duke of Somerset and the

Privy Council, enjoining these homilies to be read in all

churches every Sunday, and the King's injunctions once a

quarter.

Bucer's Nq sooner were these homilies composed and sent abroad,
"concerning l^ut the ucws thereof (and the book itself, as it seemed, al-

the hoini- i^eady translated into Latin) came to Strasburgh, among

the Protestants there ; where it caused great rejoicing. And

Bucer, one of the chief ministers there, wrote a gratulatory

epistle hereupon to the Church of England, in November

1547, which was printed the year after. Therein that

learned and moderate man shewed " how these pious ser-

" mons were come among them, wherein the people were

" so godly and effectually exhorted to the reading of the

" holy Scriptures ; and faith was so well explained, where-

" by we become Christians; and justification, whereby we

" are saved ; and the other chief heads of Christian reh-

" gion so soundly handled. And therefore, as he added,

" these foundations being rightly laid, there could nothing

" be wanting in our churches requisite towards the build-

32" ing hereupon sound doctrine and discipline.*" Meaning

this as a gentle admonition to excite the governors of the

Church to a further reformation. " He commended much

" the homily oi faith ; the nature and force of which was so

" clearly and soberly discussed ; and wherein it was so well

" distinguished from faith which was dead. He much ap-

" proved of the manner of treating concerning the misery

" and death we are all lapsed into by the sin of our first pa-

" rent, and how we are rescued from this perdition only by

" the grace of God, and by the merit and resurrection of

" his Son ; and how hereby we are justified in the sight of

" God, and adopted into the number of his children and

" heirs : and then shewing, what ought to be the study and

" work of those that are justified and regenerate. So that,

" he said, by this full and dexterous restitution of Christ's

OF KING EDWARD VI. 51

doctrine, his kingdom was so fully explained to the people, CHAP.

that there could no relics of the old leaven remain long

" in any parts of our ceremonies or discipline. Then he^""^ ^^'^'^•

" took occasion to stir up the ecclesiastical rulers to go on

" with the reformation of the sacraments : that they might

" be administered according as Christ commended and de-

^' livered them to us : that all might partake of Christ's

'' grace and saving communication ; as conferring very much

" to the undoubted restoring of faith and godliness."" In

this epistle he also praised the English nation, in that God

had often given it kings that were great lovers and pro-

moters of good letters and arts, from King Sigebert, that

founded Cambridge, and many other schools throughout the

land ; and particularly had brought forth King Henry VIII.

that most prudent and valiant Prince. And that at this day,

no kingdom had more truly learned and godly peers and

bishops, that exceeded both for their learning and piety.

To these Church books I add a catechism, set forth not The Arch-

only by the Archbishop's authority, but in his own name, ^'^^op's

X 1 1 • • 1 JIT ' ' 7 ^7 catechism.
It bore this title: A short Insti'iiction into the Christian Re-

ligion ; for the syngular commoditie and prqfite of childi^en

and young people. Set forth by the most reverend Father

in God, Thomas, Archly shoppe of Canterbury. This book

is but a translation out of Latin, made by a Lutheran

author; but there be additions in the English, as accom-

modated to the English Church, which were not in the

Latin, but put in, as it seems, by the Archbishop : particu-

larly the whole second sermon (as it is called) on the first

Commandment (more truly the second) about images.

This catechism, towards the latter end of King Edward's

reign, was printed again, and had the approbation of a con-

vocation. Of this catechism I have this commendation to

add, which Ridley, Bishop of London, gave it in the be- Bishop Rid-

ginning of Queen Mary's reign, before Bourn Secretary of '^^'^ '^^^'

State, Fecknam Dean of St. Paul's, Mr. Pope, Sir Roger the author.

Cholmely late Lord Chief Justice, and others, that then ^^I^q^

were with the said Ridley in the Tower. Who, when they

had in a conference put it to him, that he was the author
e2

52 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

BOOK of that catechism, though going under the name of Arch-

bishop Cj*anmer, he told them, " that book was made by a

Anno 1547." o^reat learned man, and one that was able to do the like

" again. And that, as for himself, he assured them (and

" bade them not be deceived in him) that he was never

" able to do or write any such thing : and that the writer