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6.AJ.3. CAFÉ WALL ILLUSION
This is the illusion seen in alternatingly coloured staggered brickwork where the lines of bricks distinctly seem tilted. I suspect it must be apparent in brickwork going back to Roman times.
The illusion is apparent in the polychrome brick work on the side wall inside Keble College Chapel, Oxford, by William Butterfield, completed in 1876 [thanks to Deborah Singmaster for observing this].

Lietzmann & Trier, op. cit. at 6.AJ, 1923. Pp. 12-13 has a striking version of this, described as a 'Flechtbogen der Kleinen'. I can't quite translate this -- Flecht is something interwoven but Bogen could be a ribbon or an arch or a bower, etc. They say it is reproduced from an original by Elsner. See Lietzmann, 1953.

Ogden's Optical Illusions. Cigarette card of 1927. No. 5. Original ??NYS -- reproduced in: Julian Rothenstein & Mel Gooding; The Paradox Box; Redstone Press, London, 1993 AND in their: The Playful Eye; Redstone Press, London, 1999, p. 56. Vertical version of this illusion.

B. K. Gentil. Die optische Täuschung von Fraser. Zeitschr. f. math. u. naturw. Unterr. 66 (1935) 170 ff. ??NYS -- cited by Lietzmann.

Nelson F. Beeler & Franklyn M. Branley. Experiments in Optical Illusion. Ill. by Fred H. Lyon. Crowell, 1951, p. 42, fig. 39, is a good example of the illusion.

Lietzmann, op. cit. at 6.AJ, 1953. P. 23 is the same as above, but adds a citation to Gentil, listed above.

Leonard de Vries. The Third Book of Experiments. © 1965, probably for a Dutch edition. Translated by Joost van de Woestijne. John Murray, 1965; Carousel, 1974. Illusion 10, pp. 58-59, has a clear picture and a brief discussion.

Richard L. Gregory & Priscilla Heard. Border locking and the café wall illusion. Perception 8 (1979) 365 380. ??NYS -- described by Walker, below. [I have photos of the actual café wall in Bristol.]

Jearl Walker. The Amateur Scientist: The café wall illusion, in which rows of tiles tilt that should not tilt at all. SA 259:5 (Nov 1988) 100 103. Good summary and illustrations.