Objectives: The aim of this course is to present (i) the necessary steps to prepare biological samples before imaging; (ii) the usual microscopy and imaging techniques to characterize biological and organic nanomaterials, such as near-field microscopy, confocal microscopy, electronic microscopy… (iii) spectroscopic techniques (EELS, EDXS, Raman, SERS…) dedicated to biological samples; and (iv) the latest development in optical microscopy to improve the imaging resolution