United states securities and exchange commission

Free cash flow is reconciled as follows:

 

		Year Ended December 31,
		2017				2016				2015
		(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities		$	82,663			$	53,841			$	31,293
Less capital expenditures			(44,828	)			(30,507	)			(26,361	)
Free cash flow		$	37,835			$	23,334			$	4,932

 

Net cash (debt) is reconciled as follows:

 

		December 31,
		2017				2016				2015
		(in thousands)
Total debt, net of debt issuance costs and discount		$	(121,385	)		$	(123,155	)		$	(129,346	)
Less debt issuance costs			(2,171	)			(2,290	)			(4,220	)
Less discount on debt			—				—				(3,018	)
Plus cash and cash equivalents			148,113				119,066				45,917
Net cash (debt)		$	24,557			$	(6,379	)		$	(90,667	)

 

Key Operating Metrics

Key operating metrics consist of sets invoiced, estimated megawatts of energy capacity for wind blade sets invoiced, dedicated manufacturing lines, total manufacturing lines installed, manufacturing lines in startup and manufacturing lines in transition.

Sets represents the number of wind blade sets, consisting of three wind blades each, which we invoiced worldwide during the period. We monitor sets and believe that presenting sets to investors is helpful because we believe that it is the most direct measurement of our manufacturing output during the period. Sets primarily impact net sales and total billings.

Estimated megawatts are the energy capacity to be generated by wind blade sets invoiced in the period. Our estimate is based solely on name-plate capacity of the wind turbine on which our wind blades are expected to be installed. We monitor estimated megawatts and believe that presenting estimated megawatts to investors is helpful because we believe that it is a commonly followed measurement of energy capacity across our industry and provides an indication of our share of the overall wind blade market.

Dedicated manufacturing lines are the number of wind blade manufacturing lines that we have dedicated to our customers pursuant to our long-term supply agreements.

Total manufacturing lines installed represents the number of wind blade manufacturing lines installed and either in operation, startup or transition. We monitor dedicated manufacturing lines and total manufacturing lines installed and believe that presenting both of these metrics to investors is helpful because we believe that the number of dedicated manufacturing lines is the best indicator of demand for our wind blades from customers under our long-term supply agreements in any given period. Dedicated manufacturing lines primarily impacts our net sales and total billings. We believe that dedicated manufacturing lines provide an understanding of additional capacity within an existing facility and that total manufacturing lines installed provides an understanding of the number of manufacturing lines installed and either in operation, startup or transition.

Manufacturing lines in startup is the number of dedicated wind blade manufacturing lines that were in a startup phase during the pre-production and production ramp up period, pursuant to the opening of a new

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manufacturing facility, the expansion of an existing manufacturing facility or the addition of new manufacturing lines in an existing manufacturing facility. We monitor and present this met ric because we believe it helps investors to better understand the impact of the startup phase of our new manufacturing facilities on our gross profit (loss) and net income (loss).

Manufacturing lines in transition is the number of dedicated wind blade manufacturing lines that were being transitioned to a new wind blade model during the period. We monitor and present this metric because we believe it helps investors to better understand the impact of these transitions on our gross profit (loss) and net income (loss).

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2016

The following table summarizes certain information relating to our operating results (in thousands) and related percentage of net sales for the years ended December 31 that have been derived from our consolidated financial statements:

 

		2017								2016
Net sales		$	930,281				100.0	%		$	754,877				100.0	%
Cost of sales			776,944				83.5	%			659,745				87.4	%
Startup and transition costs			40,628				4.4	%			18,127				2.4	%
Total cost of goods sold			817,572				87.9	%			677,872				89.8	%
Gross profit			112,709				12.1	%			77,005				10.2	%
General and administrative expenses			40,373				4.3	%			33,892				4.5	%
Income from operations			72,336				7.8	%			43,113				5.7	%
Other expense			(15,566	)			(1.7	)%			(22,276	)			(3.0	)%
Income before income taxes			56,770				6.1	%			20,837				2.7	%
Income tax provision			(13,080	)			(1.4	)%			(6,995	)			(0.9	)%
Net income			43,690				4.7	%			13,842				1.8	%
Net income attributable to preferred stockholders			—				—				5,471				0.7	%
Net income attributable to common stockholders		$	43,690				4.7	%		$	8,371				1.1	%