Mürəkkəb-reoloji neftlərin quyudibi zonada süzülməsinin və nasos-kompressor borularında hərəkətinin təhlili və tədqiqi

Açar sözlər: reoloji, xassə, Skin faktor, simulyasiya, perforasiya,temperatur
Keywords: rheological, property, Skin factor, simulation, perforation, temperature

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   İntroduction
   

One of the main factors affecting the bottom zone of the well is the "skin factor". Increasing or decreasing the main indicators caused by the effect of this factor is one of the main issues faced by the engineer from a practical point of view. In recent times, a decrease in production has been observed in wells drilled in developed fields and in wells drilled in newly commissioned layers. This is most evident in oil fields with high density and viscosity. Thus, the decrease in pressure and temperature along the layer causes the separation of heavy fractions of the oil composition. It should be noted that at this time a new zone is created around the bottom zone of the well and is called "skin zone". In this zone, the permeability decreases. Sometimes this permeability manifests itself in a very short period of time. In order to avoid this, it is necessary to calculate the "skin factor" correctly. Based on the value of this factor, it is possible to envisage and influence the process occurring in the zone around the well. There are many methods of this influence. An example of these can be the influence of hot water on the bottom zone of the well, and the effect of perforating with acid. The influence of the "skin factor" is also very large in wells drilled in new fields. So, as a result of the high hydrostatic pressure in the well during drilling, a part of the clay solution also enters the formation, and as a result, the permeability in the bottom zone of the well is observed to increase from the general permeability of the formation. This, in turn, causes a decrease in production. So, in both cases, the emergence of a new zone and the emergence of a new factor are observed in the zone around the well. In some cases, the formation of such a zone or such a factor during construction and drilling can lead to the change of many parameters. Examples of such parameters include production, bottomhole pressure, permeability, and formation pressure distribution.[1]
Analysis of known works in the field of development and application of new technologies for extracting residual oil from formations in complex conditions, assessing the possibility of their application in the oil fields of Azerbaijan and creating a foundation for the creation of new suitable technologies.
It is known that at a certain stage of exploitation of production wells, there is a phenomenon of decrease in production of the well, which causes disruption of the smooth operation of the "well-reservoir" system. This event mainly causes the heavy components contained in the oil to settle in the pores of the rock in the bottom zone of the formation, narrowing its cross-section and, therefore, causing the permeability to deteriorate. In order to prevent this undesirable event, various scientific and research works have been carried out, the successful application of which in the installation regulates the efficient operation of the "well-layer" system. It is important to note that one of the factors affecting the reduction of the percolation area of ​​the well bottom zone is the improper exploitation of the well after the well is drilled, and many research works are known in this field. Many of the known cases are simple due to the application technologies. In some works, it is proposed to restore the "well-formation" connections by compressing the bottom of the well from the bottom zone of the formation and into its depths, using aqueous solutions of surfactants (SFM) to speed up and efficiently conduct the well assimilation.[3]
A group of experts suggests adding SFM to the drilling fluid to better control formations and "reservoir-well" connections. As mentioned above, the presence of asphalt, resin and paraffin particles in the oil leads to a decrease in the percolation area of ​​the bottom zone of the rock, and certain thermal, acoustic and electromagnetic effects have been proposed to eliminate this complication and regulate the operation of the "well-reservoir" system. Chemical methods are also widely used to restore and expand the filtration area of ​​the well bottom zone. Of these methods, the effect with acids is highly effective. One of the reasons these methods are effective is that the acid has the ability to react with the rocks and expand the pores. It is also effective to use acids in most rocks, including clay rocks. Because, unlike water, clays do not swell in an acidic environment, on the contrary, their compression (shrinkage) occurs. As a result of the research, a new thermo-chemical composition, which is more efficient, was developed and experiments were carried out, and new proposals were given.
The laboratory experiments were carried out on the oils of the "Palçığ Pilpilesi" field as the fields with a complex structure mentioned above and the linear layer model created according to the structure of that field. Thus, the rocks of the "Palçığ Pilpilesi" deposit are composed of weakly cemented clayey-sandy rocks. For this reason, a mixture of quartz sand and clay was used as rock when creating the linear layer model. This model is made in several variants. That is, experiments were conducted by creating layer models with different weight ratios of quartz sand and clay particles. The linear layer model is connected to the thermostat by means of a cover installed on it, and it is ensured that the experiments are carried out at different "layer" temperatures.

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