National university of colombia institute of environmental studies idea

7. Achievements and expectations generated by the ‘practice’
7.1. Current state-of-the-art of the practice

7.2. Evaluation

7.3. Future projections

7.4. Possibility to reproduce the results and foreseeable co-operation with other communities at the national and international levels

Key-questions

∑ Which is the current situation of the ‘practice’ as regards the expectations it has generated?

∑ Which have been the achievements up to now?

∑ Which are the goals and the strategies of the ‘practice’?

7.3. Phase 3: Field Work
Elaboration of the case studies according to the terms of reference. Interviews and the recollection of field work information will be realised in direct contact with programmes beneficiaries, so that an understanding of the different ways by which waste is managed in the various localities object of study could be the most exhaustive.
Local workshops will be organised with stakeholders groups and local authorities, once the field work information has been collected according to the Terms of Reference of the project. This local sessions should help to analyse and evaluate the use of the information for the practice management, improvements and follow-up.

The second national workshop will be organised once the local sessions have given key inputs and partial results on the analysis of the practices’s management models. This second national workshop will convocate the international researchers and their work in the other cities in Bamako, Dakar, Portland, Bangalore and Utrecht. Fron the colombian perspective, the exchange with the foreign cases is most valuable because the ongoing discussion on the Integrated Sustainable Waste Management model is also being analysed from their own perspective .

This discussion should give basis for a draft paper on horizontal co-operation among cities from the North and the South.
7.4. Phase 4: Case Studies Analysis
Analysis of case studies: This analysis will facilitate the elaboration of the international data base the compilation of which was initiated after the Human Settlements Conference in Istanbul last year by the International Committee for the Follow Up to Habitat II. In this sense, the Committee has solicited its members (IDEA for Colombia) to define criteria for the follow up of the practices presented at Habitat II and for the identification of other practices that, although not presented at Habitat II, enable for a better evaluation of the value of ongoing national processes that deserve incentives and recognition for its high environmental and social value.
Furthermore, the analysis will offer the elements which are necessary to the formulation of a model for the integrated management of waste which is the focus of the next phase of the project.
7.5. Phase 5: Formulation of the Follow Up Models
The models of urban environmental management were the ISWM is included will be articulated, in a comprehensible manner for citizens, as most of the important issues related to waste management within local environmental planning. It will be possible, thus, that these models will have a significant effect on the formulation of environmental policies and the adjustment of local environmental plans (in Colombia they are named PAALs and are at present in their inception phase).
The Ministry of Environment and its Sub-direction of Urban Environment will be able to promote within the Programme for Institutional Strengthening (FIGAU) of the World Bank, important exchanges of experiences on integrated waste management in municipalities of medium scale and in small ones that are developing Environmental Action Plans or Local Agendas 21.
Within the programme of ‘Culture Citizenship’ implemented by the Municipality of Bogotá, the experiences identified by this project will be enriching the work carried out by the Urban Observatory of Bogotá.
7.6. Phase 6: Project Evaluation
During this phase , the IDEA-UNAL team will start organising the international seminar to set a broad discussion on follow-up models, the basis for horizontal co-operations, and the evaluation of the different communications strategies implemented in the study cases. This will be the occasion to present the products of the research issued from the different phases of the project.
In this international meeting, members of the communities involved in the project will present their own views and proposals for the follow-up of their practices, and will present an evaluation of their understanding of the proposed models for the follow-up and the practical use of them.

This issues highlight the participatory and pedagogical aspect of the field work proposed by the project.

8. COMMUNICATION AND RESULT DISSEMINATION STRATEGIES
The present project proposes a distinction between the communication strategy internal to the project itself, and the activities aimed to disseminate its results. There will also be a distinction within the communication strategy in internal and external. The latter will have to go along with the follow up to the practices presented.
8.1. Communication Strategy
8.1.1. Internal Strategy
The mechanisms of interaction between the national and international teams will have to be sufficiently effective in order to guarantee that the different phases of the project develop in a co-ordinate way, so to maximise resources and have a global vision of the state of advancement of the project.
Within the recommended tools to be employed in order to guarantee the above are:
- Reports or papers to be realised periodically. These have to be presented to the direction of the project and to the group co-ordinators.
- The realisation of meetings in which the working groups will always have an up to date agenda of activities and take a minute of the meeting.
- Circulation of the meeting minutes within national and international groups.
- For the circulation of these documents the use of the e-mail is suggested and recommended. To this purpose an e-mail list of participants and researchers is attached to the present project.
- To collect and make available to the direction of the project the documents consulted and the bibliography for teaching and research purposes.
- To keep an up-to-date data base of the correspondence exchanged with the sources providing information, the financing entities, the various consultants, etc. in order that is available to the communities and organisation that may want to consult it.
8.1.2. External Strategy
The research team will keep in contact with the communites and persons relationed to the selected case studies. They will hereafter named ‘sources’.
In this sense the researchers will keep record of the activities developed with the local groups. The interviews realised during the fieldwork will be transcribed and copy handled to the documentation centre of the project.
To facilitate the evaluation of the project at every stage of its development, an information pack will be prepared by the communication group and distributed within the participants to the research and to those invited to the local and national workshops.
Thus, for example, in the first nationally-based workshop the fore mentioned material provided by WASTE has been proposed as the object of the discussion.
8.1.3. International Seminar
To realise an international seminar in order to discuss the inputs and results achieved by the research, its political implications at international, national, regional and local level, counting on the support provided by WASTE, ENDA, IHS, Portland State University, and others entities participating to the project. The event will be covered by the specialised press.
The international seminar will be directed to functionaries, researchers, policy makers, national and international NGOs and experts of the theme. Representatives of the communities involved in the research will be also invited.
8.2. Dissemination of Results Strategy
Provisional and definitive findings will have to be disseminated through the different communication media available on the market:
8.2.1. A publication in Spanish and English (the provisional title of which is ‘The Cultural Dimension of Waste Management: Case Studies from the North and the South after Habitat II’).
This will be directed to academic centres, research centres, NGOs dealing with environmental issues at national and international levels, national, regional and local authorities, journalists and professionals in general.
8.2.2. A 24 minutes video realised in a professional format which will also be translated into English. This will illustrate the socio-cultural context relative to the different case studies with a clear language that will allow for its use by the mass-media and the communities. The video will be realised in a way that permits it full utilisation as a tool of support to educational activities related to environmental issues in schools, colleges and community groups.
The video will also be important for the communities involved in the case studies as an instrument stimulating reflection and pricing their work. It this sense, all products of the research will be designed to enriche a pedagogical approach on citizen’s education related to integrated waste management.
This video will also be part of the pedagogic material available at the Virtual Centre for Training of the Colombian Federation of Municipalities - ICLEI- GTZ and will be available for the database of the International Committee for the Follow Up of Habitat II and for NGOs networks and research centres.
8.2.3. Four radio broadcasts planned with the radio station of the National University of Colombia (98.5 FM Stereo), within the programme ‘Tierra de por Medio’, will include commentaries and interviews with the social actors analysed by the case studies. For the international contribution, pre-recorded interviews will be utilised, the editing of which will be done in the studio to be transmitted in Radio Netherlands and other station.
8.2.4. With the goal of strengthening the diffusion of the project results, a page for the World Wide Web (WWW) will be designed and made operating. This page will enable the users to consult the published text, the produced video, as well as the others products resulting from the research. The IDEA will provide the required equipment and expertise to create and maintain this page in the WWW.
8.2.5. A press conference will be realised to present to the media the results of the project underlining the positive feedback obtained by the communites that have taken part to the research, highlighting the benefices obtained by the local communities that have participated in the different phases of the project.
8.3. Distribution Plan
A strategy of national distribution of the publication will be designed through the Environmental Urban Studies network.
The related data base includes regional universities, urban environmental study groups, the NGOs networks, such as ECOFONDO, FEDEVIVIENDA, the confederation of NGOs, the Colombian Federation of Municipalities, the Association of Green Municipalities, entities of the National Environmental System (SINA), such as the Ministry of Environment, the Autonomous Regional Corporations and the Administrative Department of Environmental Resources of the major urban centres in Colombia.
In collaboration with the Ministry of Development, there will be realised the distribution of the publication to the various offices of ‘Inurbe’ and those agencies which manage the implementation of the different urban policies.
At the international level the publication will be distributed through ENDA, WASTE, the ICLEI (International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives) and its network of regional offices amongst which those of Toronto, Canada; Santiago of Chile, Chile; and Fribourg, Germany. The final product will also be sent to the Habitat Secretariat Offices in Nairobi and Rio de Janeiro that will disseminate its content to be discussed in international meetings promoted by the International Committee for the Follow- up to ‘Best Practices’.
The produced material will possibility be included in the Colombian participation to the Universal Exhibition “Expo 2000” in Hannover, Germany.
For what it concerns international and multilateral agencies, the publication will be sent to the World Bank (Urban Division), the Inter-American Development Bank (Environmental Division), the United Nations Programme for the Environment (UNPE) and to the United Nations Programme for Human Development (UNDP), which will act as a bridge to other agencies of the United Nations system.

9. EXPECTED RESULTS
9.1. In each selected case, values, beliefs and behaviours of the different social actors involved in solid and liquid waste production and management will be identified. The range of these actors object of analysis will include the private sector and the civil society, with particular regard to the industrial sector. This identification will be a useful tool in the formulation of educational and cultural strategies aimed at the generation of behavioural change towards the waste issue. ( Results Phase 3).
9.2. To realise a contribution to the formulation of environmental policies at the national, regional and local levels, which will enrich urban environmental management as well as the idea of the desired city. ( Results Phase 5).
9.3. A methodological and conceptual contribution to the follow-up of ‘Best Practices’ as a further contribution by Colombia to the UNCHS Committee to be utilised in the process of knowledge exchange that the above committee is realising world-wide. This will also represent a contribution to the South-South co-operation related to urban sustainability. (Results Phase 5).
9.4. A conceptual contribution to the teaching activity carried out within the course on ‘Environment and Development’ offered by IDEA, and to the making of a post-graduate programme in Environment and Development which is at present under approval procedure by the University of Colombia. These contributions will contribute to the building and consolidation of the GEA-UR (Groups for Urban Environmental Studies) promoted by the Network of Urban Environmental Studies in various universities of the country. (Results Phases 1, 2, 3).
9.5. Publication of the book “The Cultural Dimension of Waste Management: Lessons from the South and North after Habitat II”. The dissemination of this publication will be supported by the creation of a Web page and its maintenance for one year. Of the same token, a strategy of communication towards the social sectors involved in waste management will be implemented, and in particular towards the communities that are participating to the field work phase of the selected case studies. This material could be also used for the Universal Exposition of ‘Hannover 2000’. (Results Phase 5).


10. REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

· DAMA, IDEA. Agendas Locales Ambientales de Santafé de Bogotá. 1992

· Angel Maya Augusto. “El reto de la vida. Ecosistema y Cultura: una introducción al estudio del medio ambiente” de la serie de Ecofondo “Construyendo el Futuro Nº 4”. Santafé de Bogotá. 1996

· Angel Maya Augusto. “Desarrollo Sostenible: Aproximaciones conceptuales”. Fundación Natura y UICN. Quito 1995

· Baud Isa, Schenk Hans. “Solid Waste Management, modes, assessments, appraisals and linkages in Bangalore”. Manohar publisher. New Delhi 1994

· Carrizosa Umaña Julio. Artículo “La economía bajo la lupa ambiental, crítica al crecimiento económico desde una visión ambiental compleja” en Revista Economía Colombiana y Coyuntura Política, Nº 263-264. Febrero-Marzo 1997

· Centro de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos. “Un mundo en proceso de urbanización.” Informe mundial sobre los asentamientos humanos 1996. Tomo II, 1ª edición en español. Colombia 1997

· Comisión de Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo de América Latina y el Caribe. “Amanecer en los Andes”. CAF, PNUD y BID.

· De Suremain Marie Dominique, Dalmazzo M.,Cardona L. “Las mujeres y la crisis urbana o la gestión invisible de la vivienda y los servicios”. ENDA América Latina, CEHAP y A.V.P. Santafé de Bogotá. 1994

· De Suremain Marie Dominique. Artículo “La participación de las organizaciones no gubernamentales en el manejo de los residuos sólidos y el reciclaje” en el libro “Hacia un pacto limpio, memorias de la reunión nacional de consenso sobre residuos sólidos y reciclaje”. Minambiente. Mayo 1995

· Estevez Tomás. “La educación ambiental y la hipótesis GAIA” en serie Documentos Especiales del Ministerio de Educación Nacional. Santafé de Bogotá 1995

· Instituto de los recursos naturales renovables y del ambiente - Inderena. “Reciclemos” editado por Silvia Lleras Manrique. Santafé de Bogotá. 1994

· Keating Michael. “The Earth Summit’s. Agenda for Change : A plain language version of Agenda 21 and other Rio agreements”. Centre for our common future publisher. 1993

· Lardinois Inge, Van de Klundert Arnold. “Plastic Waste. Options for small-scale resource recovery” de la serie Urban Solid Waste Nº2. Waste consultans. Holanda 1995

· Márquez Calle Germán. “Ecosistemas Estratégicos y otros estudios de ecología ambiental”. Fondo FEN Colombia. Santafé de Bogotá 1996

· Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Colombia, PNUD. “Colombia en la cumbre de la Tierra. Documentos de la conferencia sobre el medio ambiente y el desarrollo”. Editado por Alberto Gómez Mejía. Santafé de Bogotá 1994

· Ministerio de Salud, Departamento Nacional de Planeación. “La salud en Colombia. Medio Ambiente. Estudio Sectorial de Salud”. Bogotá 1990

· Morin Edgar. “Introducción al Pensamiento Complejo”. Gedisa editorial. España 1996

· Pacheco Margarita. Artículo “Hacia la sostenibilidad urbana: La cultura del Reciclaje”. Revista Prisma Número Especial Nº 41, Bogotá. 1992

· Pacheco Margarita. Artículo “El Reciclaje en Bogotá, Desarrollando una cultura sostenible” en Revista Medio Ambiente y Urbanización (Environment and Urbanization) del IIED Vol 4 Nº2 sobre Ciudades Sostenibles. Londres. Octubre 1992

· Pacheco Margarita. Capítulo “Asentamientos Humanos y Medio Ambiente” en libro editado por Germán Márquez “Desarrollo Sostenible en la Costa Caribe Colombiana”. IDEA, Colciencias, OEA. Bogotá. 1992

· Pacheco Margarita. Artículo “Diversidad y calidad en la gestión ambiental urbana” en el libro “Cátedra Asprea 1991-1992” editado por Gustavo Holguín. Santafé de Bogotá. 1993

· Pacheco Margarita. Artículo “El Reciclaje: Abono a la cultura de la sostenibilidad urbana en “Memorias del Primer Seminario Latinoamericano sobre habitat urbano y medio ambiente”. Serie Memorias de Eventos Científicos ICFES, IDEA. Santafé de Bogotá.1993

· Pacheco Margarita. Artículo “Opciones para educación ciudadana para el mejoramiento de la planificación ambiental en ciudades colombianas” en Revista Ecos de Ecofondo Nº1. Bogotá. Junio 1994

· Pacheco Margarita. Artículo “Empowermwnt of Independant Recyclers” en Partnerships for Social Development. Edición Future Generations, Maryland. Mayo 1995

· Pacheco Margarita. “El manejo de Residuos Sólidos integrado a la Planeación Municipal” en “Hacia un Pacto Limpio, Memorias de la Reunión Nacional de Consenso sobre Residuos Sólidos y Reciclaje”. Minambiente. Bogotá. Mayo 1995, págs. 173-185.

· Pacheco Margarita. “La gestión del desarrollo sostenible” en libro En qué va el Salto Social. Consejo Nacional de Planeación. Bogotá. Noviembre 1995.

· Pacheco Margarita. Capítulo III “Mejores Ciudades” en libro Política Ambiental del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo. Documentos de base. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Instituto de Estudios Ambientales. Bogotá. Diciembre 1995.

· Pacheco Margarita. Artículo “Colombia’s Independant Recyclers Union: A model for urban waste management” en Green Guerrillas Environmental Conflicts and Initiatives in Latin America and the Caribbean. Julio 1996

· Pacheco Margarita. Artículo “Las mejores prácticas de Colombia en Habitat II. Conclusiones preliminares, Estambul 1996” en Revista Diversa, edición 3. Santafé de Bogotá. Enero-Marzo 1997.

· Pacheco Margarita. “Habitat II Estambul 96. Colombia un equipo para volver por lo básico”. Libro muestra de Colombia en la reunión Habitat II en Estambul 1996, con la colaboración del comité de mejores prácticas. Santafé de Bogotá. 1996

· Venkateswaran Sandhya. “The Wealth of Waste. Waste pickers, solid wastes and urban development”. New Delhi. 1994

· Waste, UWEP (Urban waste expertise programme). “Community-based solid waste management and water supply projects: Problems and Solutions Compared, A survey of the literature”. Holanda 1996

11. PROJECT BUDGET

1. Personnel Costs
Name	Formation	Role	Dedication	Total US $
Maria Teresa Szauer Consuelo Dávila Patricia Lizarazo Otto Beresnsen	MSc. Env. Management Economist Economist Anthrpologist	Advisors on ecology and urban economy Advisors on Environmental Policy Community Advisor	8 h/w x 5 months 8 h/w x 5 months 12 h/w x 5 months	14.000 14.000 6.400 6.400
Patricia Iriarte Luisa Fernanda López	Environmental Journalists	Advisors on communication	20 h/w x 8 months each	18.000
Total				193.200

2. Direct Costs
Expenses	Total Cost USD$
TOTAL__386.442'>TOTAL__193.242'>TOTAL	193.242

Project Total Cost	USD$
1. Personnel Cost	193.200
TOTAL	386.442

Executed and Request Budgets
Application / Request	Cost USD$
TOTAL	386.442

12. ATTACCHMENTS

WORKING PLAN

October 1997 - June 1998

Activity	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Phase 1: Conceptualisation Conceptual discussion- Cultural dimension and definition of environmental policy framework	*******	*******

THE CULTURAL DIMENSION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

A follow up to ‘Best Practices’ from the South and the North, after Habitat II

ELECTRONICS MAILS RESEARCH TEAM

NATIONAL RESEARCH TEAM
INSTITUTO DE ESTUDIOS AMBIENTALES IDEA

[e-mail]

MARGARITA PACHECO MONTES

[e-mail]

PATRICIA IRIARTE Y LUISA FERNANDA LOPEZ

[e-mail]

JOSE HENRIQUE RIZO POMBO

[e-mail]

ALEJANDRO FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ

[e-mail]

LUZ STELLA VELASQUEZ

[e-mail]

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH TEAM
INGE LARDINOIS (WASTE NETHERLANDS)

[e-mail]

ALEX WELSH (PORTLAND)

[e-mail]

RENA CUSMA (PORTLAND)

[e-mail]

MARYJK HUYSMAN (IHS)

[e-mail]

FARID YAKER (ENDA PRECEUP FRANCE)

[e-mail]

JEAN JACQUES GUIBBERT(ENDA SENEGAL)

[e-mail]

1 The major national Colombian agency financing academic research.

2 IDEA, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Ministerio del Medio Ambiente. “Lineamientos para una politica ambiental urbana. Documento en discusión, Bogota 1996.

3 Carrizosa Julio “ La economía colombiana bajo la lupa ambiental” in Economia Colombiana y Coyuntura Política review, publication of the Contraloría General de la República, N. 263-264, february-march 1997. 20 pages.