Ngo comments on the Initial Israeli State Report on Implementing the un convention on the Rights of the Child

1⁸ Sa’ar, Relly. “Study: Less Remedial Schooling Available for Arabs than Jews,” in: Ha’aretz, May 8, 2001.

2⁰ Garinstein, Yossi. ‘Research: Government Expenditure on Education for Arabs is lower than for Jews,” in Ma’ariv, October 4, 2001.

2^0a Bassok, Motti. “It’s Not a Man’s World in Israel,” in: Ha’aretz, March 7, 2002.

2¹ Ghada Abu Jaber. Early Childhood Education in the Arab Sector in Israel: Policy and Realtiy, Jerusalem, 1992, Shatil.

2² Physicians for Human Rights-Israel, January 8, 2001 in Tel Aviv. Interview by Philip Veerman with Hadas Ziv, January 2, 2002. 210.

2³ Algazy, Joseph, “Suffer the Children,” In: Ha’aretz, February 1, 2002.

2⁴ Interview with Dr. Yossi Yona in 1995.

2⁵ Yona, Yossi. “Cultural Pluralism and Education: The Israeli Case.” In: Interchange, 25/4, (1994), pp. 349-365.

2⁶ Lipshitz, Gabriel “Development Town, A New Basis for Policy Planning,” In: Israel Studies, (1992), pp.3-11

2⁷ Reinfeld, Moshe. ‘Court won’t Order City to Uphold Free Schooling for Jerusalem Arabs,” in: Ha’aretz, August 30, 2001.

2⁸ The Supreme Court in Jerusalem, Sitting of the High Court of Justice, The Petitioners: Minor Faddi Badria, through her parents and guardian, of Shufat, Jerusalem. 904 additional minors through their parents, et al. v. The Jerusalem Municipality and the Ministry of Education, case 5185/01 and 3834/01.

2⁹ Women in Israel: A Data And Information Compilation, 1999-2000, The Israel Women’s Network, Resource and Policy Resarch Center, p.4, citing R. Shahar, 1999, “Equal Opportunities between the Sexes in the Education System- Between Reality and Vision”, The Jubilee Book of Education, ed. Elad Peled, Ministry of Defense and Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, Israel.

3⁰ “ORT Young Women Prepare for the 21^st Century, 1997-2001; A Revolution in Expectations and Achievements”, Y. Rom, p.1 (report on file with the Israel Women’s Network), citing The Committee for Science and Technology Education, Prof. A. Dvoretzsky, July 1983, Jerusalem , Israel.

3¹ Mevarech, Zamira, Chief scientist, Ministry of Education “Gender Gaps in Educational Achievements” September 10, 2000, Office of the Chief Scientist, Ministry of Education, Israel, pp. 1-5

3² Information provided to DCI Israel by Guy Ghilo, social worker, youth sector supervisor, The Homosexuals, Lesbians, Bisexuals and Transgender Association.

3³ Shilo, Guy, Homosexual Youth in Israel, Position Paper of the Association of Homosexuals, Lesbians, Bisexuals and Transgenders in Israel.

3^4a Yulia Glepman, Raja Jiris, Shani Bolcova, Adi Lesri. “A preparatory Document for the Session: Difficult but equal children- Responses to special requirements.” Conference paper, National Council for the Child, February 19, 2002.

3⁵ Casas, Ferran. Quality of Life and the Life Experience of Children, In:. Coby de Graaf, (ed.) The Right of the Child to Privacy, Amsterdam, 1999, p. 12.

3⁶ C.A. 2266/1993, 22.02.95. This case deals with a divorced Jewish woman who converted to Jehova’s Witness and took her children against their will to religious missionary activities with the aim of converting them. The majority of the Court was of the opinion that the rights of the child in this case are equivalent to the best interest of the child. The Court repealed the woman’s guardianship over the children and placed it in the hands of their father.

3⁷ Hass, Amira and Harel, Amos. “Twelve Suspected Collaborators are Killed in the West Bank, in: Haaretz, April 2, 2002 and Rubinstein, Danny “Before the IDF Set Them Free” in Haaretz, April 2, 2002

3^7a Associated Press, Six Palestinians face death for collaboration in: Haaretz, April 8, 2002

3⁸ Supreme Court, Anonymous v. Anonymous, case number 451/89, August 28, 1990.

3⁹ Status of Children Committee, The Knesset, November 29, 2000, minutes no. 78.

4⁰ suggestion given to the coalition by advocate Gali Etzion, of the legal department of Na’amat in Tel Aviv.

4¹ The Israeli National Council for the Child, The State of the Child in Israel, A Statistical Abstract 2000, Jerusalem, 2001 , p. 214.

4² The Israeli National Council for the Child, The State of the Child in Israel 2000, op.cit., p. 218.

4³ B’tselem, The Killing of Palestinian Children and Open-Fire Regulations, Jerusalem, 1993. See also: DCI-Israel and IMUT (Mental Health Workers for Peace) A Situation Analysis of Palestinian Children In the West Bank and Gaza. June 1992-May 1993, Jerusalem, June 1, 1993.

4⁴ B'tselem, Op. Cit., p.17.

4⁵ However, Robin Coupland wrote in the British Medical Journal, vol. 315. “non-lethal” weapons: precipitating a new arms race warns that the public might be seduced by the term, a weapon is still designed to cause bodily harm. July 12, 1997. Clearly all aspects should be studied.

4⁶ Quoted from the Committee's report in Ha'aretz newspaper, 28 October, 1990.

4⁷ Jane's Information Group, "Non-Lethal Weapons," London, 2000. see also: Philip Veerman and Hephzibah Levine, Protecting Palestinian Intifada Children, Peaceful Demonstrators, Child Soldiers or Child Martyrs, in International Journal of Children’s Rights, No. 4 2001.

4⁸ Cees de Rover, To Serve and to Protect, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law for Police and Security Forces, Geneva, ICRC, 1998, p.325.

4⁹ Statement by the International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, December 5, 2001, Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention.

5⁰ The Commission on Human Rights, Sub-commission on prevention of Discrimination and Protection of minorities (E/CN.4/sub.2/1907/21, 11 June 1987) decided that the Seventh UN Congress on Prevention of Crime and Treatment of Offenders and Study Way, to promote restraint on the case of force by law enforcement officials and military personnel.

5¹ Dudkevitch, Margot. “2 Teens Killed by Mall Suicide Bomber,” in: The Jerusalem Post, February 17, 2002.

5² Ha’aretz, “Nine Dead, 51 Wounded in Jerusalem Bombing-Four Children Among Those Killed in Ultra-Orthodox Neighborhood,” March 3, 2002.

5³ Hockstader, Lee. “Suicide Bombers Gave No Hint of Grim Mission,” in: The International Herald Tribune, December 6, 2001.

5⁴ Harel, Amos. “Hebron Settler Agree to Bullet-Proof Buses” In: Ha’aretz.

5⁵ Lazaroff, Tova. “Nearly Half of Schools Lack Shelters,” in: The Jerusalem Post, February 15, 2002.

5⁶ Letter to DCI--Israel from Shai Linsky, Assistant to the Minister of Education, July 11 2001.

5⁷ Shapiro, Haim. “Jewish Agency Donating Bulletproof Vehicles for Territories,” in The Jerusalem Post, December 14, 2001.

5⁸ Relly Sa’ar, “Police Mounts 2-day Operation to Guard Schools, Kindergartens” in Haaretz, April 7, 2002

5⁹ We thank the PHRM and its director Bassem Eid for their cooperation.

6⁰ During 1996 and again from September 2000 until the present in effect.

6¹ The government still needs to respond after which the High Court will hear PHR’s case. Source: Physicians for Human Rights, Annual Report 2000, Tel Aviv, 2001, p.12.

6² Physicians for Human Rights filed a petition to the High Court on Dec. 10, 2000 against the internal closure on the west Bank and Gaza Strip. The petition insisted that the Israeli government remove all physical barriers preventing the Palestinians from obtaining food supplies, medicines, and other basic necessities (and, incidentally from entering Israel and blowing themselves up) and access to clinics and hospitals located in town centers. Gideon Levy also reported on such cases: Levy, Gideon, “The War Against the Unborn; How did we Get to the Pint Where Israeli Soldiers are Preventing Women in Labor from Reaching a Hospital?” In; Ha’aretz, Jan. 18, 2002.

6³ B’tselem, 50^th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Quarterly for Human Rights, December, 1998, no. 1, vol. 1.

6⁴ B’tselem, Whitewash, The Office of the Judge Advocate General’s Examination of the Death of Khalil al-Mughrabi, 11, on 7 July 2001, Jerusalem, 2001.

6⁵ Gilbert, Nina. “IDF: Three Palestinians Killed were Hit by Shell,” In: The Jerusalem Post, January 25, 2002.

See also: Hass, Amira. “Palestinians: IDF did not check the identity of the children that were killed,” in: Ha’aretz, January 4, 2002.

6⁶ Harel, Amos and Hass, Amira. “Two Palestinian Children Killed in Failed Hebron Act,” In: Ha’aretz, December 11, 2001.

6⁷ Levy, Gideon. “The Message from the High Command,” in Ha’aretz, February 10, 2002.

6⁸ This was also the case in the case of the article by Harel, Amos. “No Probe in Slaying of Rafeh Child,” in: Ha’aretz, February 8, 2002.

6⁹ Harel, Amos “B’tselem Raps IDF Rules of Engagement in the Territories” in Haaretz, March 21, 2002

7⁰ Hass, Amira “Rights Group Seeks UN Probe in Fatal Blast” in Haaretz, March 4, 2002.

7¹ Veerman, Philip “Beware, Mines!”. In: The Jerusalem Post, August 16, 2000.

7² Benn, Aluf. “Israel Joins International Convention” in Haaretz, October 4, 2000.

7³ Information provided to DCI-Israel from Professor Sami Adwan, of Education, Bethlehem.

7⁴ Harel, Amos “B’tselem raps IDF rules of engagement in the territories, in Haaretz, March 21, 2002.

7⁵ Alon, Gideon. “A-6 Security officials to Examine the use of Rubber Bullets” in Haaretz, December 20, 2001.

7⁶ Harel, Amos. “Analysis/Pure Aims, Deadly Results” in Haaretz, October 2, 2001

7⁸ Eisikovits, R. 1995 “I’ll tell you what school should do for us: How immigrant youth from the former USSR view their high school experience in Israel.” Youth and Society, 27(2): 230-255.

7⁸ Initial Periodic Report of the State of Israel Concerning the Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Ibid, p.98.

7⁹ Adoption of Children Law, 1981.

8⁰ 1995 ammendment to section 8 of the Youth (Care and Supervision) Law 1960.

8¹ Ha’aretz, May 22, 1991.

8² TZACHI—Consumers of Special Education in Israel, Report on Special Education for DCI—Israel’s NGO Report, written by Chaya Jagoda, 2001.

8³ Benbenishty, Nomi; Dolev, Talal; Timar, Amnon. Decision Committees in Israel: Their Organization, Work Processes and Outcome, Jerusalem, 2001, JDC-Brookdale Institute.

8⁴ Keidar, Dina and Telfch, Gideon. The Child and Youth Aid Center-Ashdod, Jerusalem, National Insurance Institute Research and Planning Administration, 1999.

8⁵ at a hearing in 1995 at Haifa University, organize by DCI Israel.

8⁶ United Nations, Department for Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development , Secretariat for the International Year of the Family, Indicative Guide for Action and Family Issues, Vienna, 1995, U.N.

8⁷ Jensen, Peter S. and Straw, John. “Children as Victims of War: Current Knowledge and Future Research Needs.” In: Hertzig, Margaret E. and Faber, Ellen A. Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry and Child Development, New York, Brunner/Mazel, 1994.

8⁸ Dr. Ronny Aviram shared with us a draft of the manuscript.

1 Sharfman, D. Living Without a Constitution: Civil Rights in Israel. M.E. Sharpe, Inc. New York: 1993.

2 Gross, Eyal. Tsedek Halukati BeYisra’el, (Distributed Justice in Israel), in: Moutner (ed.) 2000.

3 We thank Dr. Eyal M. Gross of the Buchman Faculty of Law at Tel Aviv University for pointing this out to us in an interview.

4 idem

5 Letter signed by former deputy Supreme Court president Dr. Haim Cohn (also Chair of DCI-Israel’s advisory board) and law professors Ruth Gavison, Mordechai Kremnitzer, Israel Gilead, Menachem Mautner, Joseph Edrey, Ron Shapira and David Kretzmer. Those who signed are deans of the Tel Aviv, Haifa, Bar-Ilan and Hebrew University law schools. In: Ha’aretz, December 26, 2001.

6 The first two areas of our comments on the implementation of article 7 have been written by advocate Einat Hurvitz of the Israel Religious Action Center, Jerusalem.

7 Information provided by advocate Yunis Al-Krenawi in Beer Sheba.

8 Information provided by Dr. Alean Al Krenawi, School of Social Work, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba.

9 Case 2227/98 (Hamoked, Physicians for Human Rights, DCI Israel, The Alternative Information Center v. The Ministry of the Interior). Supreme Court also see Veerman, Philip. “The United Nations and Rights of the Child; Every Newborn Must be Recognized by the Responsible Authorities”, in Palestine-Israel Journal, vol IV, no.1, 1997, pp. 49-54. See also Usama Halabi, Revocation of Permanent Residency Status: Israeli Jurisprudence, in: Maha Abu Dayyeh et. all, Jerusalem Residency Rights in the Israeli Palestinian Peace Process, Utrecht, SIM- Netherlands Institute for Human Rights, pp. 137-147.

1⁰ Mualem, Mazel “Newborn Left with no ID is in a Legal Limbo” in Haaretz, February 4, 2002

1¹ We thank Dr. Ayal M. Gross of the Buchman Faculty of Law at Tel Aviv University for pointing this out to us.

1² Enkin Vera v. the Ministry of the Interior, The Supreme Court, 3403/97.

1³ Plaviola v. The Minsitry of the Interior, The Supreme Court, 979/99.

1⁴ interview with Dr. Zvi Beckerman of the Meltiz organization for Jewish Education, by Philip Veerman, Jerusalem, June, 1995.

1⁵ Beckerman, Zvi. “Celebrating the Other: Educating Toward Dialogue and Celebration of Identity,” Meltiz, Jerusalem, 1995.

1⁶ Sheleg, Yair. “Intermarriage, Low Birth Rates Threaten Diaspora Jewry,” in: Ha’aretz, February 13, 2002.

1⁷ Ibid, p.117.

1⁸ Shapiro, Haim. “20% Fewer Participating in Birthright Israel,” in: The Jerusalem Post, December 25, 2001.

1⁹ Smooha, Sammy. Arabs and Jews in Israel. Confilicting and Shared Attitudes in a Divided Society, Boulder, 1989, Westview Press.

2⁰ The National Committee of Arab Mayors and the Follow up Committee on Arab Education, Education for the Arab Minority in Israel; Issues, Problems, and Demands, Nazareth, 1991.

2¹ Debon, D. Prime Minister’s Advisor for Arab Affairs, Statement in a Meeting on October 22, 1957, State Archives, 145/1292/62.

2² Al Haj, Majid. Education and Social Change Among the Arabs in Israel, Tel Aviv, 1991, International Center for Peace in the Middle East. And Al Haj, Majid. Education, Empowerment and Control; The Cse of Arabs in Israel, 1993.

2³ Information provided by Dr. Malka Shaptai, anthropologist.

2⁴ Both are under development in Jerusalem.

2⁵ Gordon, Evelyn. “Fake Graves Built for Missing Yemenites,” in: The Jerusalem Post, June 16, 1995.

2⁶ The Cohen-Kedmi Commission

2⁷ Sheleg, Yair “Panel on Yemenite Children Rejects Conspiracy Theory,” in: Ha’aetz, November 5, 2001.

2⁸ idem. See also: Lori, Aviva. “We were the Children,” in: Ha’aretz, December 7, 2001.

2⁹ Sinai, Ruth. “The Families Don’t Want to Believe the Report,” in: The Jerusalem Post, November 5, 2001.

3⁰ Ha’aretz, December 14, 2001, “The Yemenite Babies-A Mystery that Defies Solution.” And: Gilbert, Nona. “Yemenite Community Backs DNA Bank to Solve Missing Infants Mystery,” in: The Jerusalem Post, February 13, 2002.

3¹ Algazi, Yossef. “Teibeh’s 7000 Pupils Held a Warning Strike Protesting the State of Education in the City,” in: Ha’aretz, June 19, 1995.

3² El Sarraj, Eyad. “Peace and States of Mind,” Gaza, Gaza Mental Health Program, 1994.

3³ Save the Children UK and Save the Children Sweden, Education Under Occupation: Palestinian Children Talk About Life and School. London/ Stockholm, March, 2002

3⁴ Kordova, Shoshana. “Educators Suspended over Burning of New Testament,” in: The Jerusalem Post, December 28, 2001. And, Kordova, Shoshana. “Beit Shemesh School Apologies for Burning New Testament,” in: The Jerusalem Post, December 25, 2001.

3⁶ We thank Fadel Ali, social worker, writer and poet from Usfyah for having discussed the fate of Druze children with us.

3⁷ Interview with Miriam Turel, Associate Director of Tafnit in Jerusalem, March 1, 2002.

3⁸ The law was drafted, proposed and lobbied for by NGOs. The effort has been coordinated by SHATIL (a project of the New Israel Fund in support of change-oriented NGOs). Ishai Minuhin of SHATIL provided us with the material for this paragraph.

4⁰ based on information provided by Halonot/Windows.

4¹ Hillel Association, Ms. Ofra Leit, Tel Aviv.

4² interview by Dr. Philip Veernman with Dr, Daphna Lemish, Chair, Department of Communications Tel Aviv University, January 16, 2002.

4³ Idem.

4⁴ Idem.

4⁵ Lemish, Daphna. “Fighting Against Television Violence, An Israeli Case Study,” in: Carlsson, Ujlla and Von Feilitzen, Cecilia, ‘Children and Media Violence,” Goteborg, 1998, Yearbook for the UNESCO International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen, pp.125-138. See also: Katz, E., Haas, H., and Gurevitch, M., “Twenty years of television in Israel: Are there long run effects on values, social connectedness, and cultural practices” in: Journal of Communication, 47:2, pp. 3-20 (1997). See also: Lemish, D. and Lemish P., “A much debated consensus: Media Literacy in Israel, in: Kubey, R., “media literacy in the information age: current perspectives,” New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. See also: Weimann, G. Zapping in “The Holy Land: Coping with multi channel TV in Israel,” In: Journal of Communication, 1995, 45:1, pp. 97-103, Weiman, G.T., “Cable Comes to the Holy Land: The impact of cable TV on Israeli Viewers,” Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 1996, 40:2, p.243-257.

4⁶ JDC-Brookdale Institute (Disabilities research unit) and JDC-Israel (Unit for Disabilities and Rehabilitation)” People with Disabilities in Israel: Facts and Figures”,Jerusalem,2000,p.6. & Florian,V.and Dengor,S.,Swelected issues in Israel’s System of Rehabilitation,

In: Society and welfare,1999,19(2)pp 193-214 (Hebrew) & Naon,D.,Morgenstern,B.,Shimmel,M. and Rivlis,G. Children with Special needs , Stage I and Stage II: An Assessment of needs and Coverage of Services, JDC-Brookdale Institute,Jerusalem,2000 (Hebrew). & Stasberg,N.,Sandler-Loeff,A.,and naon,D.,The Basket of Developmental Services for Children with handicaps: Adaptation to Needs and Means of Provision Following Implementation of the National Health Insurance Law, Jerusalem,2000,JDC-Bropokdale Institute (Hebrew).