Origins of religions

HABAKKUK:

Because Habakkuk mentions Babylon it is assumed that he worked at end of the seventh century B.C.The prophet questions God about his justice: why does he ignore people’s cruelty and wickedness? How can he use evil people punished people who are better than them? God gives no direct answer (chapter 2) but promises that one day he will punish all oppression and injustice. Chapter 3 is a poem about God coming to punish all wickedness and conclude with a statement by the prophet of his trust in God, no matter what happens.

ZEPHANIAH: (Egyptian “Zaphne”, Hebrew “Saphne” to Greek “Sophonias”, God’s mysteries or hidden Treasury) Zephaniah worked before Jeremiah. The theme of the book is God’s universal judgment. Chapter 1 deals with the judgment of Israel but 2:1-3 promises that disaster maybe averted if Israel turns back to God. The remaining of chapter 2 foretells the punishment of some of Israel’s neighbors. Beyond the judgment of Jerusalem the prophet sees hope (chapter3).
HAGGAI:

Haggai and Zechariah belong to the same period (520 B.C.). Many Jews had returned to Israel to rebuild their national life. Initially they worked with enthusiasm but opposition brought the work of rebuilding the temple to a standstill. Haggai rallied the people, showing that the economic difficulties they were experiencing were because they had their priorities wrong. The important thing for their national life was God’s 'house and God had greater things install if they would only learn to put him first.

ZECHARIAH:

Like Haggai, this prophet encourages the people to take up the work they had left off and complete the temple building. His messages are given in a series of visions in chapters 1-8 and concern other issues as well as the rebuilding. Chapters, 9-14 are in a different form, more typical of prophetic messages. Their theme is the future age: Israel’s deliverance, God’s triumph and the work of the messiah.

MALACHI:

This book indicates that after the time of Haggai and Zechariah, things deteriorated again. The people felt disappointed with God (1:2-5). The religious leaders were corrupt and slipshod in their duties (1:6-1:9), and everybody was disobedient to God’s laws (2:10-16) while at the same time treating God with contempt (2:17-3:18). Chapter 4 looks forward to the time when injustice will be dealt with and those who are loyal to God will be restored.

CHAPTER TWENTY
PHILOSOPHY WAS FALSE PROPHECY
PREAMBLE: More Information

Very Important: Col 2:4 (NRSV) plausible is philosophy (i.e. fine but false see Col 2:8 from the Hebrew “Miphiloseab” which entered Greek as philosophy).

1. 
   Col 2:2-8 was a battle between early Christianity and philosophy.
   
2. 
   Please Note: Apostle Paul was warning Early Christians against the falsehood (Hebrew “Miphiloseab” called “philosophy or plausible”) i.e. the argument is fine and sound, but it is false.
   
3. 
   Plausible from the Hebrew “Miphiloseab” entered Greek as philosophy which means fine sounding but false (Phaulos) argument e.g. Tiglath- Pileser 2 Kings 16:10 (Hebrew Phileso or Phalasaph) i.e. idolatry or Philisti (Phalasu) false.
   

EXAMPLES:

Job 37:16, the floating (Philot) clouds are deceptive i.e. the clouds look real but false (Miphiloseab: i.e. you can’t touch them, though they look real) Job 36:29.

Ezekiel 13:18 “Pillowsaphan (Philosophon) falsehood or magic and witchcraft.

1. 
   Colossians 2:4 (New Revised Standard)
   

“I am saying this so that no one may deceive you with plausible (Hebrew “Miphilosoph”, i.e. fine but false argument) (i.e. Greek “Pythanalogia, Hebrew “Sophis”- i.e. cleverly crafted or serpentine arguments: 2 Peter 1:16).
NOTE THIS: VERY CRUCIAL

1. 
   Plausible, Mipiloseab, Miphilasu, Miphilosoph, Baalzeboul, Belasaphim, Blaspheme, Phallusiva and Phalasaph are all Phoenician, Babylonian, Hindi, Assyrian and Aramaic ancient forms of philosophy which entered Greek as Philosophia.
   
2. 
   Plausible is literal English transliteration of the Hebrew “Miphilosoph” i.e. fine but false argument.
   
3. 
   Hebrew “Miphilasu” or “Miphilosoph” (Miphiloseab- Job 37:16- i.e. the clouds are deceptive) used in Colossians 2:4 “do not be deceived by fine sounding but false (plausible, false, or Miphilosoph) arguments. It entered Greek as Pythanalogia called Philosophia in Colossians 2:8, i.e. deceit and anti-Christ (see also Hebrew Sophonias or Zephaniah (i.e. hidden wisdom; Greek Apokrupho) Egyptian Zaphne (Genesis 41:43-45).
   

VERY IMPORTANT ADDITIONS

Note: Jer. 29:26 (Hebrew Maphil- Sephu i.e. false prophecy from prophets Mahphekel i.e. punishment for madmen who claim to be prophets who receive messages from God, when God did not speak to them (Jer. 14:14).

1. 
   Hebrew Tophet, Tophil and Sophet (Philosophet- Tophilaso) means divination by fire or finding out things by fire divination (Jer. 7:31-32, 2 Kings 23:10) BDB 2007, p1075.
   

Note:

1. 
   Heraclitus, the philosopher of fire (Tophet- Sophet) i.e. fire is the origin of all things.
   
2. 
   Parmenides was led to the gate of Hell by a god, where certain things were revealed to him.
   

2. 
   Jeremiah 19:14 (10-14); Jeremiah at Tophil- Sophet (or Tasphot) prophesied against Jerusalem’s false worship, false prophecy and falsehoods.
   
3. 
   Jeremiah 29:26, (Pillows) or Philory (Hebrew Mah-phecet or Maphil i.e. punishment for false prophets (Topilaso) i.e. mad men (mah-phili) who act like prophets (see also Hebrew “sinoq” (BDB, 2007, p 857).
   
4. 
   Isaiah 44:25 (Nephal; Phaalasu) i.e. philosophy or foolish.
   
5. 
   Hebrew Phesel (idol or image, Isaiah 42:17) Siphuy or Siphri or Sephu (Ezekiel 38:17) or Phasil (Hosea 11:2, Judges 3:19) from Piliset, Piliser (2 Kings 16:10) or Phalasaph, i.e. serving idols (idolatry or Philistia) Isaiah 2:6, BDB 820, 811-814 etc.
   
6. 
   Ezekiel 13:18-20 Hebrew “Taphot (Ophot) to sow magic (Pilos or Phils or Taphrot)
   
7. 
   a. Please note Isaiah 2:6 “magic and witchcraft” (sorcery) came from the east, i.e. (Perses or Pharse) and from Philistia.
   

2. 
   Note: Then Philisti- sophiku (or philosophiku) means that the Philistians are idol worshippers or of magic (is Phil). Idol or friendship with pagans or strangers is “sophiku” (hence philosophiku). See Isaiah 2:6, if you can read the Old Testament in its original Hebrew.
   

8. 
   See Hebrew “Taphel (Philah- Siphu; praying to false gods) or Tophalasu or Miphiloseph, i.e. falsehood; or fine but false (Colossians 2:4, plausible) or false prophecy: Ezekiel 13:3-20, BDB, 2007, pp 1074 (Taphel; pp 813-814).
   

Please Note: 2 Kings 16:10: The name Tiglath Pilaser (see Ezekiel 13:18-20) (i.e. pilos, pilesor pillows or Phileso i.e. magic- see NIV & KJV). It is a transliteration from the Hebrew “Phileso, or Philasaph or Philistia, Isaiah 2:6, which means consulting the gods, or finding out issues though magic).
PROPHECY IN GREECE ADDITIONS (see Hosea 7:1 “Phaalu- saqad” (falsehood)

1. 
   Women were more involved in ancient Greek mantics, i.e. speaking for the gods and predicting the future. (Bromiley, 1985)
   
2. 
   The gods spoke through the prophets, called “Sophoi or Sophim” (e.g. Socrates received inspiration from the “python” or “Sophis” of Delphi)
   
3. 
   The prophets (as in Israel) were mediators or intermediaries between the gods and men. (Asaju, 1999, p 36)
   

(See 2 Chronicles 15:16 “Miphileset”, from Phalasoph or Miphilosoph”, i.e. idolatry or repulsive (Phulosiph) see idolatry (Hebrew Old Testament, 1980, London)

ANCIENT GREEK MANTIC PROPHECY

(See Hebrew “Phylasso, Phalasu, Philesoor Philosaph”; i.e. protective magic or philos See Ezekiel 13:18-20 to Greek”Phylasso, Philasoph or Phylactery; Mtt 23:5; the law tied to the body), like a magic charm (i.e. pilos or philos; Ezekiel 13:18-20).

1. 
   Ancient Greek philosophy arose from the oracular python or sophis (cultic) Manteoumai (Bromiley, 1985) which means the occultic practice of receiving information from the serpentine gods (Hebrew “Sophis”, Greek “Pytho” or “Ophet” (Aland and Newman, 1983, p 157) and multiplicity of spirits, thus predicting the future by speaking (sapha) for the gods (Phili). This cultic prophecy was condemned in Israel in Deut 18:9-14 as sorcery (Asaphim, magic, consulting the dead, i.e. movot or mophet). Jeremiah called them Topheth- Jer 7:31-32 from the Hebrew Tophila or Tophilaso or Philasu (i.e. false prophets or Phaulos- Ophet to Philosophy) or divination (2 Kings 19:31-33) which means consulting the occult for knowledge and wisdom (Asaju 1999, p 36, see Kramer in Bromiley 1985, p 953).
   
2. 
   To prove the above that ancient Greek philosophyrose from oracular false prophecy called “python or sophis” i.e. the serpent symbol of mysterious wisdom, see Mathew 10:16 “serpent is Hebrew “Sophis” (see Isaiah 8:19 “Saphilsaphim”, i.e. muttering and whispering sounds of witchcraft).
   
3. 
   Please Note: Many ancient Greek philosophers were members of oracles, cults and the Manteoumai (some visited or consulted such oracles.
   

EXAMPLES ARE

• 
  Socrates (from sorcerer, i.e. magician, from the Hebrew “Cesoph” (magic) Latin “Sacra” (spirit) or extraordinary. Socrates was a member of the Delphi oracle, formerly called “pythia”, i.e. the serpent cult which told him that no one will be wiser than him.
  
• 
  The Truth: Socrates was sentenced to death for being a member of that cult, which means corrupting the morals of youths of Athens (see Asaju, 1999, p 36 cited “Platos Dialogues”).
  
• 
  Pythagoras: (i) Pythagoras was a member of the cult of Dionysus, a serpent (sophis or Orpheus) cult originating from Asia (i.e. Graeco- Asianos). See McCain 2005i.e. (Mystery Greek Religions).(ii) Serpent is Greek “python”, ophis or ophet. In Hebrew it is “Sophis, Ophen, Nahas or Nahasuphia”, see 2 kings 18:4, Nehustan. Also Numbers 23:14 “Zophim” transliterated from the Hebrew “Sophe” (i.e. divination, or the serpent spirit of divination or looking for omens: see Isaiah 2:6- Philistia (from Phileso) inventors of magic (ceseph) and divinations (sophim) hence phili-sophis.
  
• 
  Mathematics
  

Note: Pythagoras was primarily a cult leader (not a Mathematician)

Also Note that the word “Mathematics” is from the Hebrew “Mathym” (i.e. that spiritual laws and spiritual knowledge are built on spiritual figures or numbers. Number 100 is spiritual perfection). Also Mathym means Rabbinic or religious knowledge (Aland and Newman, 1983).

• 
  Parmenides: (from “Pharma” i.e. magic power) or Phobos (gods). His patron god (in a dream or trance) took him to the gates of the sun and revealed certain things to him.
  
• 
  Heraclitus (and Boethius)Heraclitus of Ephesus was also being connected to the above Parmenides spiritual encounter. Heraclitus is from “Ela (Helia to Helium) i.e. the sun as god.
  
• 
  Thales: The name Thales is from the Greek “Themis” (God’s laws). Themis is from the Greek “Theos” (i.e. God). Thales signified oracular words from the gods. Thales believed he was speaking (Sapha) for the gods, though it was in error since his philosophia did not hold much influence among the Delphians. (See Jeremiah 46:19 Thebes of Egypt to Thales of Greece)
  
• 
  Anaximander: He was a student of Thales.
  
• 
  Anaximenes: Studied under Anaximander. They had the same cultic, influences; when they conceived of the stuff as water and air, they were animists.
  

THE GREEK PANTHEON

The Greek pantheon of gods clearly proves that the Greek city states worshipped gods, hence they strongly believed they received inspirations, knowledge and wisdom from these gods (nephren) or wisdom from the gods, or (nephren) or wisdom from the gods. (Bromiley, 1985, Nepheloa, i.e. gods live in clouds).

Please Note; the Greek “Olympia, Olymphia” or Sophi means the mountain where the gods live; (Wilson, 1965). Hence the Olympic Games were held in honour of the gods from 776BC 100 years before classical Greek philosophy.

Protagoras, i.e. knowing things before hand through extraordinary means.

Hebrew “Phe”, “Phili or Phileso, to the Greek, “Phaulos and “Phobos”

(HOW PHILOSOPHY STARTED) from Philasapha i.e ancient false prophecy (See Isaiah 8:19 “Saphilsaphim”, i.e. witchcraft muttering and whispering cries) (Why Col 2:8 totally condemned philosophy)

1. 
   The Hebrew “phe” is spirits; phl or phili, (i.e. the extraordinary or from above, or Holy One “Phelon, BDB, 2007 pp 924, 811, 86, “Phanea or Saphne, i.e. the gods speak) Note: Philila or Tophila is prayer (Tophila is divination prayers; Jeremiah 7:31-32).
   
2. 
   The Greek Phobos means gods or god of terror and wars, equivalent to the Hindu Siva or Sipha or Hebrew “Sephu”. (Phobos is Phobia, i.e. god of fear) Bromiley, 1985, p 1272.
   
3. 
   Hebrew “Phalasapha” (speaking against God), from the Phoenician “Baalsapha” or “Baalspheme, to Blasphemy (speaking sapha) against God (i.e. Baal or Phaal, Phallus, etc).
   
4. 
   See Hebrew “Evil” or Ephil (i.e. foolish) or foolish wisdom: Isaiah 44:25 etc.
   

Note: Foolish is Philosoph: also Repulsive is Phulosiph; 2 Chronicles 15:16 i.e. idolatry or Philistia. (Isaiah 2:6).
PHOENICIAN PROPHECY:

The ancient “Baali, Baala” or Baalasapha (Hebrew “Phaalasephu) i.e. consulting the gods (saphne), the dead, demons and evil spirits (2 Kings 1:1-3- Baalzebub was ancient Phoenician prophecy.

PROPHECY IN PHILISTIA (I.E. PHALASU OR PHALASAPHIR)

Isaiah 2:6, prophecy through witchcraft, magic, sorcery or divination came from the East (i.e. Asia) and Philistia. The word “Philisti” is from the Phoenician or Hebrew Phileso, Piliset or Phalasu, which means idolatry or repugnant witchcraft practices, BDB 2007, pp 811, 812, 814 834. See 2 Kings 1-3 consult Baalzebub (i.e. the devil) or daimon (Demon) of Ekron (Philisti) to know if he will survive his sickness. (See 1 Samuel 6:1-3, the Philistines consulted their diviners; (Isaiah 2:6) i.e. phili-sophis. (BDB, 2007, pp 811-814) etc.

PROPHECY IN EGYPT

(2 Kings 23:11, sun god worship came from Egypt. Prophecy in Egypt was ecstatic; Perhaps Israel learnt or borrowed some of its own ecstatic (musical) frenzy or possessive prophetic behavior from her Egyptian bondage. Ancient Egyptian prophecy was “Zaphne” (Hebrew “Saphne) i.e. the gods speak through the magicians.

ASSYRIA AND SYRIA

Prophecy was “sipiritu’ (i.e. siphritu) i.e. messengers or agents of the gods 2 Kings 17:29-32 reveals the divination practices of Assyria (Also 2 Kings 16:16)

PROPHECY IN ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA:

Sumerian and Akkadian scripts to the Phoenician and Palasti “Zophu, Zephon” or Hebrew “Sophim” (Numbers 23:14, i.e. divination or false prophecy (i.e. Balaam from Baal or Phaal or Phallu or Greek “Phaulos”; to Latin “vile”. Hosea 9:10.

EPHESUS AND ASIA MINOR (E.G. ANTIOCH)

Ancient gods like Artemis (the people’s goddess or Diana) gave messages to her priests which Apostle Paul condemned as idolatry (Phalasu) or false prophecy (i.e. Phaulos) etc Acts 19:23-40. (See James 3:13-15 Phaulos- Sophia, i.e. false wisdom.

EPHRAMITE (ASSYRIAN) PROPHECY:

The Ephramite (Northern Israel) “Pilos, Philos or Philosop” (i.e. consulting magic and witchcraft; Ezekiel 13:18-20), influenced by Assyrian Tiglath Pileser or Phileso the diviner (2 Kings 16).

PROPHECY IN HINDUISM

The Hindu “Phallu-siva” (phalusipha) was the god of shrine sexuality (for fertility) and a god of destruction. The Phalus is from the Nimrodean “Baali” or “Phala” i.e. Baal, the father of polytheism (Woodrow, 1969).

Hebrew “Philoa” (extraordinary powers) gave us “Pilos or Philos” (which means extraordinary powers of magic) (see KJV Ezk 13:18-20) not ordinary pillows Pilos or Philos corresponds to Mtt 23:5- phylactery, i.e. the law box constantly tied to the forehead or arm like a magic charm. See Deut. 6:1-13 etc.
PROPHECY IN ANCIENT PERSIA:

the magos (Mathew 2:1-16 i.e. wisemen or sophoi) or the chosodin (i.e. Chaldeans or Astrologers) see Daniel 2:2-10 and 27 etc did fortune telling or prophecy by reading the stars and interpreting their movements.

HOW GREEK PHILOSOPHY BEGAN

(see Joel 3:6 “You sold Judah… to the Greeks). (see Ezk 27; The Greeks were trading partners of Israel and Phoenicia)

1. 
   Israel was known all over the ancient world as a people of God, hence when Northern Israel (Samaria) was deported by Saigon in 721BC and the South (Judah) by Nebuchadnezzar between 600 and 586BC, people started asking penetrating and reflective questions, i.e. “Is there really God and gods”, i.e. if God is with this people (i.e. Israel) how come they have been devastated so much and humiliated into exile? That means the gods of other peoples could be stronger than theirs.Hence, classical Greek philosophy started with the questioning of the existence of gods before it expanded into other reflections, like how existence began.
   
2. 
   That was after the ancient Greek Mantic and puthonoi (pytho) etc i.e. fortune tellers had functioned for so many years as prophets who received wisdom from gods (i.e. serpent-magical gods, called Tophilaso or Philasaphim in Hebrew, or false prophets Jer 7:31-32. it was transliterated to Greek in Daniel 2:2-10 and Daniel 1:20 as “Sophoi” from Hebrew “Asaphim” i.e. magic and consulting spirits and the dead or the “Phalasapha”, i.e. opposing or speaking against God: or sorcerers, enchanters or Pharmakos. Thus, people started questioning all these, being the main reason for executingSocrates (i.e. sorcerer, magician) from the Hebrew cesoph (see 2 Peter 1:16 Sesophis) i.e. cleverly crafted or invented, or not true Socrates was sentenced to death for being a member of the occult, i.e. the cult or pythia of the serpentine Delphic Oracle where the serpent god (Hebrew “Sophis”, Greek, “Pytho) gave wisdom to its members.
   

ANCIENT GREEK GNOSTIC- PHILOSOPHERS AND OPHITES (see McCain 2005)

Mathew 10:16, “be ye wise (phronimos) as serpents (sophis). Ancient Greek Ophites worshipped the serpent (Ophis or Sophis) as source of mysterious knowledge, i.e. Gnosis which gave us Gnosticism and Science from Gno-seos (to Latin Scien, i.e. mysterious knowledge see 1 Tim 6:20; KJV and NIV). Hence Jesus said in Mtt 10:16 “Be ye as wise or crafty (Greek Phronimos) as serpents (Hebrew Ophis or Sophis).

Important Please Note: the word “serpent” is from the Hebrew Sophen, Ophen, Sophis or Sophetim” transliterated to English as “serpent”.

Were ancient Greek Philosophers Students in Egypt? (See No 3 below)

Egyptian schools of philosophy (for mantic prophecy: i.e. divination) were theologically cultic, mainly at Memphis Jer. 46:19

1. 
   Nwala (1997) in Introduction to Philosophy and Logic, said ancient Greek philosophers were students of philosophy in Egypt (c600/400BC). They included Thales, Plato, Anaximander etc.
   
2. 
   What Nwala did not tell us is that the Egyptians called gods and spirits (saphne or Zaphene or Pho) particularly that the gods were the sources of wisdom, hence in Genesis 41:42-45 Pharaoh called Joseph “Zaphenath” (Greek Sophonias) Paneah (or Phaneah) i.e. the gods speak through Joseph. (See Col 2:2-4 God (or Christ) is the source of true wisdom; not plausible, false or philosophical wisdom.
   
3. 
   Hence, ancient Greek philosophers believed, from their orientation in Egypt and from their Greek pantheon of gods led by Zeus that wisdom comes from the gods, hence the gods spoke through them. Thus they were prophets who received divine wisdom from the gods.
   

CLASSIFICATION OR CATEGORIES OF PROPHETS

• 
  Major Prophets: prophets who wrote more chapters in their prophetic books in the Holy Bible; e.g. Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel.
  
• 
  Minor Prophets: Minor Prophets wrote less number of chapters: e.g. Obadiah is only one chapter.
  
• 
  Former Prophets: These were spiritual leaders in Israel before Israel became a Nation, e.g. Abraham, the Patriarchs, Moses etc (including the Judges ; e.g. Joshua and Deborah).
  
• 
  Eight Century Prophets: these prophets lived around 799-700BC when Israel was prosperous which led Israel to backslide and to sin. Hence, they were warned against exile; Isaiah, Amos and Hosea were 8^th century prophets.
  
• 
  Eschatological Prophets: these prophets prophesied concerning the last days (i.e. from Greek “Esxatos”) Daniel was eschatological.
  
• 
  From Egypt to Canaanites and Midian: Prophecies Gen 44:5 and 15 Joseph and some Israelites learnt divination in Egypt. Genesis 41:8, Exodus 7:11 etc. Deuteronomy 18:9-14, do not practice Canaanite sorcery. Isaiah 8:19 “Saphilsaphim”, witchcraft or witches mutter and whisper.
  
• 
  Mesopotamian False Prophecy or Divinations: i.e. Laban in Padan Aram received messages through divination (i.e. from spirits and gods) that Jacob should stay Jacob’s continued stay did not end well.
  
• 
  Pre-Exilic Prophets: were prophets who came before Judah went into exile around 600/586 BC.
  
• 
  Exo- Exilic Prophets: Jer 29:24 clearly reveals that Jeremiah did not go into exile; however, he continued to send prophecies from Jerusalem to those in exile.
  
• 
  Apocalyptic Prophets: the Greek Apokalupsis means great things to come. Daniel prophesied remarkable apocalyptic events to come. Read Daniel 1-12.
  
• 
  False or Cultic Prophets: Jeremiah 14:14 “false prophets, I did not send them”. These false prophets called Tophilaso (Ezekiel 22:26-28) claimed God spoke to them; that they received wisdom from God. They were also fortune tellers and magicians (Balaam) or Phali.
  
• 
  Sons of the Prophets or Apprentice Prophets (i.e. can someone learn prophecy?): sons of the prophets like Elisha and Micaiah were servant or disciple prophets, moving in bands during Samuel’s time (980BC). By Elijah’s era (800BC) they became better organized in guilds (Bromiley, 1985). Apprentice prophets were tied to their masters, e.g. Elisha to Elijah; some of these disciples became master prophets (with their own followers) in exile; examples are Haggai and Daniel who were disciple prophets before exile; the word Haggai means to go, follow or emigrate (Arabic “Hijrah”, Hebrew “Hegira”) BDB, 2007, Saul anointed by Samuel ran into those sons of the prophets in 1 Kings 10.
  
• 
  Southern or Judean Prophets: these prophets functioned in the Southern kingdom of ancient Israel called Judah; they included Jeremiah, Micah, Joel or Isaiah, Nathan etc.
  
• 
  Messianic and Restoration Prophets: these prophets prophesied about a coming Messiah who was to restore Israel after exile (see Isaiah 9:6, Isaiah 7:14) including Jeremiah’s seventy years of Israel in exile (Jeremiah 25:30) etc then Israel will return.
  
• 
  Post Exilic: Post exilic prophets were prophets carried into exile by Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar (c600/586 BC). They include Daniel, Haggai, Ezekiel etc.
  
• 
  Northern Prophets: Prophets who functioned in Northern Israel (i.e. Samaria) were Elijah, Elisha, Amos etc.