Ownership of intellectual property rights

Assessment not required

Assessment not required	No
Solenopsis molesta Say 1836 [Formicidae] Fourmi ravisseuse, Thief ant	Yes Present in California (Bentley et al. 2009).	No No records found of association with grape bunches	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	No
Solenopsis xyloni McCook [Formicidae] Southern fire ant	Yes Native to the USA and Mexico, present on the Pacific coast of California (Harris 2012; Lubertazzi and Alpert 2012).	No Primarily a ground nesting pest (Harris 2012), but it does feed on honeydew excreted by the European fruit lecanium scale and mealybugs (Bentley et al. 2009). However, it is not a pest of grapevines. Given its size, colouring, mobility, and aggressive behaviour, it is unlikely to be present as a contaminant pest on harvested table grape bunches for export.	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	No
Tetramorium caespitum Linnaeus 1758 [Formicidae] Pavement ant	Yes Present in California (University of California 2008b).	No No records found of an association with grape bunches	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	No
Vespula germanica Fabricius [Vespidae] European wasp	Yes Present in California (Spradbery P and P & Dvorak L 2010).	No Although recorded as a pest of grapevine (Ward 2001), it is believed that no stage of the wasp’s life cycle would be present on the commodity after harvesting and grading. The larvae feed on insects and meat (Department of Primary Industry 2011). Adults feed on nectar and ripe fruits but are aggressive when disturbed (Department of Primary Industry 2011; INRA 2012).	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	No
Order Lepidoptera
Existing California table grape policy Amyelois transitella (Walker 1863) Synonym: Paramyelois transitella (Walker 1863); Emporia cassiae Dyar 1917; Myelois duplipunctella Ragonot 1887; Nephopterix notatalis Walker 1863; Myelois solitella Zeller 1881; Myelois venipars Dyar 1914 [Pyralidae] Navel orangeworm			No records found
Existing California table grape policy Argyrotaenia citrana Fernald 1889 Synonym: Argyrotaenia franciscana Walsingham 1879; Eulia citrana Fernald 1889; Argyrotaenia kearfotti Obraztsov 1961 [Tortricidae] Orange tortrix			No records found
Cnephasia longana (Haworth) [Tortricidae] Omnivorous leaf roller or Omnivorous leaf-tier	Yes First recognised in California in 1948 (Pritchard and Middlekauff 1950). Occurs throughout the United States (Hollingsworth 2008).	No A literature search found two papers listing Vitis vinifera as a host of Cnephasia longana (Hill 1987; Plantwise 2012). However, these authors do not provide an authority for the host association. All other papers reviewed did not give V. vinifera as a host although at least 20 host plants have been listed (for example, see Antonelli et al. (2004). This pest has been present in California since the early 20^th Century (Powell 1997), but no reports of an association with V. vinifera in California have been found.	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	No
Existing California table grape policy Desmia funeralis Hübner 1796 [Pyralidae] Grape leaffolder			No records found
Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) [Torticinae] Light brown apple moth	Yes Present in California (APHIS 2011b).	Yes Vitis vinifera is a host (Venette et al. 2003) and it feeds on the leaves, buds, flowers and fruit of its hosts (Gilligan and Epstein 2009). Although regulatory mechanisms and eradication programs have been implemented since its detection in California, reports for some Californian counties persist (APHIS 2011b) and federal orders remain in place for the movement of regulated articles, including table grape commodities (APHIS 2011a).	Yes for WA Present in WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Yes for other states Present in ACT, NSW, NT, QLD, SA, Tas. and Vic. (Plant Health Australia 2001).	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	No
Existing California table grape policy Estigmene acrea (Drury 1773) [Actiidae] Salt marsh moth			No records found
Euchromius californicalis Packard [Crambidae]	Yes Present in California (Capps 1966; Brown 2000).	No Has been intercepted by DAFF operational staff during inspections of Californian table grapes for export to Australian eastern states. As no records could be found that associate E. californicalis with Vitis vinifera, it is likely that this pest was intercepted as a contaminant rather than a pest of grapes.	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	No
Existing California table grape policy Eulithis diversilineata (Hübner, 1813) [Geometridae] Grape looper			No records found
Existing California table grape policy Harrisina brillians Barnes and McDunnough 1910 [Zygaenidae] Western grapevine skeletoniser			No records found
Existing California table grape policy Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermuller 1775) [Tortricidae] European grapevine moth			No records found
Marmara gulosa Guillèn and Davis [Gracillariidae] Citrus peelminer	Yes Present in California (Stelinski 2007; Kirkland 2009)	Yes Is known to be associated with the stem, petiole, tendril, bunch rachis and berry of grapes (Eichlin and Kinnee 2001).	No records found	Yes Reported from California, Arizona, Texas, Florida, Mexico and Cuba (Eichlin and Kinnee 2001; Stelinski 2007; Kirkland 2009). Many of the climates in its known range are similar to that of Western Australia. Its wide host range across species of commercial fruit crops, ornamentals and weeds (Eichlin and Kinnee 2001) would also allow it to establish and spread in Western Australia.	Yes Infestations have resulted in considerable economic losses to citrus growers (Kirkland 2009). Extensive damage has been recorded in citrus groves in southern California and Arizona and it aggressively feeds on citrus and a range of other commodities in the San Joaquin Valley, with fruit infestation rates of up to 70% reported (Kirkland 2009). In grapes, mining damage can also lead to secondary infections, such as bunch rot (Kirkland 2009).	Yes
Orthodes rufula Grotes [Noctuidae] Brassy cutworm	Yes Found in both coastal and San Joaquin Valley grape growing areas of California (Donaldson et al. 2012).	No It is not associated with mature grape bunches. This pest damages grapevines in early spring and is associated with developing buds not fruit (Bentley et al. 2009).	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	No
Peridroma saucia (Hübner, 1808) [Arctiidae] Variegated cutworm, pearly underwing moth	Yes Present in California, including the San Joaquin Valley and North Coast (Bentley et al. 2009).	No Peridroma saucia larvae feed on buds on grapevines (MAF Biosecurity New Zealand 2009; Bentley et al. 2009). Larvae move to the soil or under bark during the day (Bentley et al. 2009) and adults are inactive during the day, remaining under foliage or at the base of the plant (Mau and Martin Kessing 2007).	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	No
Existing California table grape policy Platynota stultana Walsingham [Tortricidae] Omnivorous leafroller			No records found
Plodia interpunctella Hübner 1813  [Pyralidae] Indian meal moth	Yes Present in California (Flaherty et al. 1992).	No Primarily a storage pest of dried fruits, nuts, grains and cereal products with infestations most commonly occurring after 30-60 days of storage (Flaherty et al. 1992). It is commonly encountered as a household pest, feeding on stored food products (Fasulo 1998).	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	No
Existing California table grape policy Polychrosis viteana Clemens [Tortricidae] Grape berry moth			No records found
Xestia c-nigrum (Linnaeus 1758) Synonym: Amathes c-nigrum [Arctiidae] Spotted cutworm	Yes Present in California (Bentley et al. 2009).	No This pest is not associated with mature grape bunches. They feed on buds and young foliage during the night and return to the ground to shelter under leaf litter or debris during the day (Pfeiffer 2009). They can also be found under grapevine bark (Bentley et al. 2009).	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	No
Order Mantodea
Iris oratoria Linnaeus 1758 [Mantidae] Mediterranean Mantis	Yes Present in California (Maxwell and Eitan 1998)	No Mantids are generalist predators and are not associated with particular plants. This species has been intercepted by DAFF operational staff during inspections of Californian table grapes for export to Australian eastern states. However, it was a contaminant of the consignment and is not a pest of grapes.	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	No
Order Neuroptera
Chrysoperla spp. Steinmann 1964 [Chrysopidae]	Yes Species of this genus are known to occur in California (Brooks 1994).	No Chrysoperla are known to occur on Vitis vinifera in California (Costello and Daane 1999). However, species in this genus are not plant pests; they are unselective predators that search freely over the host plant. Chrysoperla was intercepted by DAFF operational staff during inspections of Californian table grapes for export to Australian eastern states, but they do not have a host relationship with grapes and were a contaminant.	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	No
Order Thysanoptera
Existing California table grape policy Caliothrips fasciatus (Pergande) Synonyms: Heliothrips fasciatus Pergande 1895; Caliothrips woodworthi Daniel 1904 [Thripidae] Bean thrips			No records found
Existing California table grape policy Drepanothrips reuteri [Thripidae] Grape thrips			No records found
Existing California table grape policy Frankliniella minuta (Moulton 1907) Synonyms: Euthrips minutus Moulton, 1907; Euthrips minutus var. setosus Crawford DL, 1909; Frankliniella minuta f. luminosa Moulton, 1948 [Thripidae]			No records found
Existing California table grape policy Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande 1895) [Thripidae] Western flower thrips			Yes for WA Present in WA (Plant Health Australia 2001). Yes for other states except NT Present in ACT, NSW, QLD, SA, Tas. and Vic. (Plant Health Australia 2001), but is absent from NT (DRDPIFR NT 2008).
Existing California table grape policy Scirtothrips citri (Moulton) Synonyms: Euthrips citri Moulton 1909, Scirtothrips clivicola Hood 1957 [Thripidae] Californian citrus thrips			No records found
Existing California table grape policy Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara [Thripidae] Avocado thrips			No records found
Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan 1913 [Thripidae] Hawaiian flower thrips	Yes Present in California (Palmer and Wetton 1987; Nakahara 1994)	Yes This is a phytophagous species (Childers and Nakahara 2006) associated with table grapes and fruiting stages of its hosts (CABI 2011). International trade of fruit from contaminated areas is probably the main reason for its spread (Reynaud et al. 2008).	Yes for WA Present in WA (Plant Health Australia 2001; Poole 2008; Poole 2010) Yes for other states Present in NSW, NT, QLD, SA and Vic. (Plant Health Australia 2001)	Assessment not required	Assessment not required	No
CHROMALVEOLATA (Kingdom)