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Draft non-regulated analysis of existing policy for Californian table grapes to Western Australia

April 2013

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Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (2013), Draft non regulated analysis of existing policy for Californian table grapes to Western Australia. CC BY 3.0.

Cataloguing data

Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (2013), Draft non-regulated analysis of existing policy for Californian table grapes to Western Australia, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra.

Internet

Draft non-regulated analysis of existing policy for Californian table grapes to Western Australia is available at daff.gov.au.

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Disclaimer

The Australian Government acting through the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry has exercised due care and skill in the preparation and compilation of the information in this publication. Notwithstanding, the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, its employees and advisers disclaim all liability, including liability for negligence, for any loss, damage, injury, expense or cost incurred by any person as a result of accessing, using or relying upon any of the information in this publication to the maximum extent permitted by law.

Submissions

This draft analysis has been issued to give all interested parties an opportunity to comment and draw attention to any scientific, technical, or other gaps in the data, misinterpretations and errors. Any comments should be submitted to the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry within the comment period stated in the related Biosecurity Advice on the website. The draft analysis will then be revised as necessary to take account of the comments received and a final document prepared.

Comments on the draft analysis should be submitted to:

Biosecurity–Plant

Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
GPO Box 858
CANBERRA ACT 2601
AUSTRALIA

Telephone [phone]

Facsimile [phone]
Email [e-mail]
Website daff.gov.au/biosecurity

Contents

List of tables v

List of figures vi

Acronyms and abbreviations ix

Abbreviations of units x

Summary 1

Introduction 2

1.1Australia’s biosecurity policy framework 2

1.2This non-regulated analysis of existing policy 2

Method for pest risk analysis 6

1.3Stage 1: Initiation 6

1.4Stage 2: Pest risk assessment 7

1.5Stage 3: Pest risk management 14

California’s commercial production practices for table grapes 16

1.6Assumptions used in estimating unrestricted risk 16

1.7Climate in production areas 16

1.8Pre-harvest 20

1.9Harvesting and handling procedures 24

1.10Post-harvest 24

1.6Commercial production and export information 26

Pest risk assessments for pests of quarantine concern 29

1.11Harlequin ladybird [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] 32

1.12Plant bugs [Hemiptera: Miridae] 35

1.13European fruit lecanium scale [Hemiptera:Coccidae] 39

1.14Citrophilus mealybug [Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae] 43

1.15Citrus peelminer [Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae] 46

1.16Phomopsis cane and leaf spot [Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae] 53

1.17Grapevine fanleaf virus [Comoviridae: Nepovirus] 66

1.18Strawberry latent ringspot virus [Secoviridae:Unassigned] 69

1.19Tomato ringspot virus [Comoviridae: Nepovirus] 74

1.20Grapevine yellow speckle viroid–1 and –2 [Pospiviroidae: Aspcaviroid] 78

1.21Hop Stunt Viroid [Pospiviroidae: Hostuviroid] 82

1.22Citrus exocortis viroid [Pospiviroidae: Pospiviroid] 89

1.23Pest risk assessment conclusions 97

Pest risk management 100

1.24Pest risk management measures and phytosanitary procedures 100

1.25Operational system for the maintenance and verification of phytosanitary status 108

1.26Uncategorised pests 110

1.27Review of Processes 110

1.28Import conditions 111

1.29Meeting Australia’s food standards 111

Appendix B Additional quarantine pest data 172

Appendix C Biosecurity framework 178

Glossary 183

References 188

List of tables

Table 2.1 – Nomenclature for qualitative likelihoods 10

Table 2.2 – Matrix of rules for combining qualitative likelihoods 11

Table 2.3 – Decision rules for determining the consequence impact score based on the magnitude of consequences at four geographic scales 13

Table 2.4 – Decision rules for determining the overall consequence rating for each pest 13

Table 2.5 – Risk estimation matrix 14

Table 3.6 – Growing area for major table grape varieties in California in 2011 (CDFA 2012a). 20

Table 3.7 – Integrated pest and disease management for Californian table grapes 23

Table 3.8 – Production statistics for table grapes in California from 2000 to 2010 26

Table 3.9 – Fresh table grape exports from the USA to major markets 2005 to 2009 (US$ millions) 27

Table 3.10 – Imports of Californian table grapes to Australia (excluding Western Australia) 28

Table 4.11 – Pests of quarantine concern for table grapes from California identified in the draft review but which do not have risk management measures in the existing policy for Californian table grapes into Australia 29

Table 4.12 – Summary of unrestricted risk estimates for pests of quarantine concern associated with Californian table grapes to Western Australia 98

Table 5.13 – Biosecurity measures proposed for quarantine pests for Western Australia for fresh table grapes from California 101

Table 5.14 – Quarantine, sanitary and contaminant pests for Australia with existing biosecurity measures under the current Californian table grape policy for other Australian states and territories 102

Table 5.15 – Quarantine pests for other Australian states and territories absent from areas designated as pest free area or for which non- host status applies with existing biosecurity measures under the current Californian table grape policy 103