Oxford history of the christian church

Footnotes.

^1	GR1345; so Laurent, but see A. Failler, “Chronologie et composition dans l'histoire de Georges Pachymère,” REB, 38(1980), 45-53, who puts the case for Arsenius's retirement at the end of 1259, with Nicephorus succeeding him towards the end of December 1259 or 1 January 1260 until his death at the end of 1260. PLP (at present in progress) gives valuable information on ecclesiastical and other personalities of the period.
^2	But see Failler, op. cit.
^3	GR1353.
^4	GR1366 with discussion of the date.
^5	GR1376.

⁶ Pachymeres, De Mich. Pal., IV. 11 (CB, I, p. 277).

⁷ GR2003.

⁸ For the diplomatic intricacies of the Byzantino-papal situation leading up to the council of Lyons and after see Setton, Papacy and the Levant, 1, Roberg, Union; Geanakoplos, Michael Palaeologus; Runciman, Sicilian Vespers; and Franchi, La svolta.

^9	DR2 1911.
^10	From Urban's reply to Michael, see J. Guiraud (ed.), Reg. Urb. IV, no. 295 (Paris, 1901); cf. the approach to Nicholas of Cotrone. (GR2 1889b).
^11	DR2 1918b, now dated spring/summer 1263, correcting Geanakoplos, Michael Palaeologus, 176, note 65, where part of the letter is translated.
^12	DR2 1931b, c. summer 1264; from Clement IV's letter of 4 Mar. 1267 (= DR2 1939a).
^13	DR2 1939a and 1947.
^14	DR2 1968 (and DR 1971 to the College of Cardinals at Louis's suggestion).
^15	Pachymeres, De Mich. Pal., V. 11 (CB, I, p. 370).
^16	Ibid., pp. 369-70 .
^17	DR2 1986.
^18	J. Guiraud (ed.), Reg. Grég. X (Paris, 1892), no. 194.
^19	J. Guiraud (ed.), Reg. Grég. X (Paris, 1892), no. 196.
^20	DR22002 and 2002a; there appear to have been two letters around November 1273.
^21	Some of the key texts are given in Dossier grec (with French trans.).
^22	GR 1399.
^23	On Beccus's career as J. Gill, “John Beccus, Patriarch of Constantinople 1275-1282,” Byzantina, 7 (1975), 253-66.
^24	Text and French trans. in Dossier grec where this problem is fully discussed; GR 1400.
^25	Dossier grec, p. 253 and passim.
^26	GR 1401; text and trans. in Dossier grec, 134 ff.
^27	G. Hofmann, “Patriarch Johann Bekkos und die lateinische Kultur,” OCP, 11 (1945), 141-64.
^28	Pachymeres, De Mich. Pal., bk. V, 20 (CB, I, pp. 391 ff.).
^29	DR22002b; text and trans. in Dossier grec, pp. 313 ff. and in Gill, “Church Union,” 12-19.
^30	Greek text and trans. in Gill, “Church Union,” 18-21; Latin text in Roberg, Union, Anhang I, No. 5, pp. 235-9, giving 44 archbishops and bishops with clergy of the Great Church and court officials.
^31	Cf. Gill, “Church Union,” pp. 8 ff..; A. L. Tâutu (ed.), Acta Urb. IV, and Greg. X (Vatican, 1953), no. 42, p. 125, par. 266. Figures vary slightly in the sources, but only 26 metropolitans signed.
^32	See GR entries for 1274.
^33	DR22004 and GR1408.
^34	GR 1409; text and trans. in Gill, “Church Union,” 20-3.
^35	Text and trans. in Gill, “Church Union,” 23.
^36	See Setton, Papacy and the Levant, I. 112-13, on the problem of estimating the precise numbers present.
^37	DR22006, French trans, of Michael VIII's profession of faith in WolterHolstein, 276-80.
^38	DR22007.
^39	Franchi, Concilio II di Lione, 85.
^40	Ibid., 86, de quo multum dubitabatur.
^41	DR22006; French trans. in Wolter-Holstein, 276-80.
^42	Tâutu, Acta Urb. IV, Clem. IV and Greg. X (Vatican, 1953), no. 44, pp. 130-1.
^43	Tâutu, op. cit., no. 42, pp. 124-7 (Latin)re; Roberg, Union, Anhang I, no. 5, pp. 235-9.
^44	Tâutu, op. cit., no. 23, pp. 61-9.
^45	Tâutu, op. cit., no. 41, p. 122 (Greek and Latin); Roberg, Union, Anhang I, no. 6, pp. 242-3 (Latin).
^46	Trans. in part in Setton, Papacy and the Levant, I. 117, and German trans. in Roberg, Union, 148.
^47	DR^22008.
^48	'verae fidei puritatem', Ta+̆utu, op. cit., no. 23, p. 67.
^49	See Roncaglia, passim.
^50	Cited Hefele, VI (1), 181-2; Roberg, Union, 247.
^51	Text ed. E. Brown, Appendix ad fasciculum . . . (London, 1690), 207-28; French trans. in part in Wolter-Holstein, 268-72; see Roberg, Union, 85-95.
^52	Dossier grec, 228 ff.
^53	Ibid. 243 .
^54	J. Gill, “John Beccus, Patriarch of Constantinople 1275-1282,” Byzantina, 7 (1975), 251-66.
^55	G. Hofmann, “Patriarch Johann Bekkos und die lateinische Kultur,” OCP, 11 (1945), 141-61.
^56	See Dossier grec, p. ix and passim.
^57	F. M. Delorme and A. L. Ta+̆utu, Acta ab Inn. V ad Benedictum XI (1276-1304) (Vatican, 1954), nos. 3, 7-9, 11.
^58	GR1341; text and trans. in Gill, “Church Union,” doc. V (3), pp. 22-9.
^59	Gill, op. cit., doc. VIII (2), pp. 34-41.
^60	Gill, op. cit., p. 25.
^61	Gill, op. cit., doc. VI (5), pp. 28-33.
^62	Gill, op. cit. p. 31, points out that the text should read 'Apostle', i.e. the liturgical lectionary giving the lessons from Acts and the Epistles.
^63	Gill, op. cit., doc. VII (4), pp. 32-5.
^64	Pachymeres, De Mich. Pal., V. 23 (CB, I, p. 399 ff.).

⁶⁵ DR²2028, 2029.

⁶⁶ GR1433.

⁶⁷ Cf. Delorme-Ta+̆utu, op. cit., no. 20, pp. 44-5; Roberg, Union, 201.

⁶⁸ DR²2026a.

⁶⁹ GR1435.

⁷⁰ J. Gay, Reg. Nic. III (Paris, 1938), no. 367.

⁷¹ Gay, op. cit., nos. 376-7.

^72	GR1443.
^73	Pachymeres, De Mich. Pal., VI. 15 (CB, I, p. 458).
^74	DR22041, 2075.
^75	GR1444; Pachymeres, De Mich. Pal., VI. 17 (CB, I, p. 461).
^76	See Setton, Papacy and the Levant, I. 138, note 65.
^77	Raynaldus, vol. 22, ann. 1281, no. 25; see Geanakoplos, Michael Palaeologus 341-2 and Setton, Papacy and the Levant, I. 137-8.
^78	Members of the French School at Rome, Reg. Martin IV, fasc. 1-2 (Paris, 1901-13), no. 269 (7 May 1282) and no. 278 (18 Nov 1282).
^79	GR1489; and Geanakoplos, Michael Palaeologus, 370, note 12.
^80	DR 2086.
^81	GR 1453.
^82	GR 1458.
^83	PG 141, cols. 964 D, 965 B.
^84	GR 1459.
^85	GR 1459.
^86	Ep. 102, cited Hunger, Literatur, I. 231.
^87	GR 1461.
^88	GR 1463.
^89	GR 1489; Michael had at least been canonically buried, though not in Constantinople (see GR. IV, p. 279).

⁹⁰ GR 1485.

⁹¹ GR 1487; Janin, Églises et monastères, II. 175.

⁹² U1EOC+̄e Fide Orthodoxa, bk. I, ch. 12, PG94, col. 849 A; Kotter, II, p. 36, l. 48 (not found in all MSS as PG and Kotter note), ἐκ πατςòζʼὲν δἰ υἱου+̑ ἐκποςευομἒνη.

⁹³ See PG141 for some of his treatises.

⁹⁴ Nicephorus Gregoras, History, bk. V, ch. 2 (CB, I, p. 129). Pachymeres, De Mich. et Andr. Pal. bk. V, 24 (CB, I, pp. 402-8 = CFHB 24/2, pp. 514-5).

^95	GR 1490.
^96	Cf. PG142, col. 240 A, 'the manifestation through the Son of the Spirit which takes its existence from the Father'.
^97	See Gregory of Cyprus, De processione Spiritus Sancti, PG142, cols. 269-300.
^98	See Meyendorff, Introduction, 25-30 and the analysis of Gregory II's views by O. Clément, Grégoire de Chypre “De l'ekporèse du Saint Esprit, Istina, 17 (1972), 443-56.
^99	See his ' ḿμολογíα, PG142, cols. 247-52; especially col. 250 A; he denounced Mark's words as foolish and nonsensical (ϕλύαςαν χαςτíον), op. cit., col. 268 A); see also Meyendorff, Introduction, pp. 27-8.
^100	GR 1513-18.
^101	See Meyendorff, Introduction, 29-30.
^102	Gregory Palamas, Triad I, 2, 12, p. 99 (ed. Meyendorff.)
^103	Following the chronology of GR.
^104	Nicephorus Gregoras, History, VI. 5 (CB, I, p. 180).
^105	Vita, ch. 8, cited Guilland, p. 121 (see note 106 below).
^106	GR draws at length on a number of Athanasius's letters cited from MS. Many of these have since been edited by A.-M. M. Talbot, The Correspondence of Athanasius I Patriarch of Constantinople (trans., text, and commentary, Washington, DC, 1975 = CFHB, VII). One of the best introductions to Athanasius is still R. Guilland, La Correspondance inédite d'Athanase . . ., Mélanges Charles Diehl (Paris, 1930), I, 121-40.
^107	GR 1554.
^108	GR 1555-57.
^109	Pachymeres, De And. Pal., bk. III, ch. 24 (CB, II, p. 249).
^110	Ibid., bk. VII, ch. 23 (CB, II, p. 616).
^111	Ep. 30, ed. Talbot, p. 64.
^112	See Talbot, p. XXV and Ep. 112, p. 288.
^113	GR 1666.
^114	See Vryonis, Decline, passim.

^115	Ep. 112, ed. Talbot, p. 288.
^116	Nicephorus Gregoras, History, bk. VII, ch. 9 (CB, I, p. 259).
^117	DR2321; GR2003 and 2004 and see V. Laurent, “Les Grandes Crises religieuses à Byzance . . .,” Bull. sect. hist. de l'acad. roumaine, 26 (1945), 225-313 (with texts). Despite this reconcilation the die-hard Arsenites still continued to make trouble, e.g. concerning ordinations in the diocese of Myra (GR 2036, July-Sept. 1315).
^118	GR2099.
^119	See GRsub John XIII Glykys, and Hunger, Register (Greek text and German trans.).
^120	GR2103.
^121	DRpassim.
^122	This is well brought out by Laiou, Andronicus II (The Unionist Approach) where Norden's views on the reason for this unionist policy (i.e. fear of crusading attack on Constantinople) are convincingly challenged; see also Gill, Byzantium and the Papacy, 192-3.
^123	DR2327.
^124	Cf. DR2556 and 2564-6.
^125	e.g. Letter VII, ed. J. Bongars, Gesta Dei per Francos (Hanover, 1611), II. 299, cited Laiou, Andronicus II, 321.
^126	See Gill, Byzantium and the Papacy, 297, note 57 and references and Gouillard, “Synodikon,” pp. 100-3; cf. Golubovich, Biblioteca, III. 291-303.
^127	Golubovich, Biblioteca, III. 294; see also U. V. Bosch, Kaiser Andronikos III. Palaiologos(Amsterdam, 1965), 120-1.
^128	Nicephorus Gregoras, History, bk. X, ch. 8 (CB, I, pp. 501-20).
^129	GR2170; there is some controversy as to whether the Greek texts refer to 1334-5 or to later discussions at Avignon in 1339; see C. Giannelli, “Un progetto di Barlaam per l'unione delle chiese,” Misc. G. Mercati (ST123, Vatican, 1946), III. 157-208 and J. Meyendorff, “Un Mauvais Théologien de l'unité au XIVe siècle: Barlaam le Calabrais,” 1054- 1954: L'Église et les églises (Chevetogne, 1954), II. 47-64.
^130	DR2830.
^131	Raynaldus, 25, ann. 1339, nos. 19-31; see also Giannelli, op. cit., Meyendorff, op. cit., and Gill, Byzantium and the Papacy, 196-9 (with trans. of extracts from Raynaldus).
^132	Gregory Palamas, Triads.
^133	GR2210-13.
^134	GR2270.
^135	GR2279.
^136	GR2324.
^137	GR2540 and 2541.
^138	There is a wealth of material on Gregory Palamas and his teaching. See bibliography and assessments in D. Stiernon, “Bulletin sur le palamisme,” REB, 30 (1972), 231-341 (not exhaustive on the Slav side); G. Podskalsky, Theologie, valuable, particularly on theological method (see the important section 'Die Methodenstreit im Humanismus und Palamismus'). On fourteenth-century Palamism, J. Meyendorff is the Orthodox guide; see his Introduction, collected articles in Byzantine Hesychasm(Variorum, London, 1974), and his articles “Palamas” and “Palamisme,” DS, fasc. 76 (1983), cols. 81-107. There is a brief survey of recent views in Eastern Churches Review, 9 (1977); see also debates in Istina, no. 19 (1974).
^139	See J. Meyendorff, Byzantine Hesychasm (Variorum, London, 1974), Introduction, pp. 2-4 and his “Mount Athos in the Fourteenth Century,” DOP, 42 (1988),156-65.
^140	Gill, Byzantium and the Papacy, 204.
^141	Setton, Papacy and the Levant, I. 42 and 310, note 187.
^142	See Meyendorff, Byzantium and the Rise of Russia, especially 96-118, and The Byzantine Legacy in the Orthodox Church (New York, 1982), 143-9 and passim.
^143	Cf. the survey by G. Every, “The Study of Eastern Orthodoxy: Hesychasm,” Religion, 9 (1979), 73-91.
^144	Cf. De Natura et Gratia, 33 (37); I am grateful to Henry Chadwick for this reference to St Augustine.
^145	See O. Halecki, Un Empereur de Byzance à Rome. Vingt ans de travail pour l'union des églises et pour la défense de l'Empire d'Orient: 1355-1375(Warsaw, 1930) (full, but now needs some revision).
^146	R. J. Loenertz, Ambassadeurs grecs auprès du papec Clément VI (1348), OCP, 19 (1953), 178-96 (Latin text and commentary).
^147	DR2937, 2942, 2943, 2957.
^148	Cantacuzenus, History, bk, IV, ch. 9 (CB, III, pp. 55 ff.).
^149	See D. M. Nicol, The Byzantine Family of Kantakouzenos (Cantacuzenus) ca. 1100-1460(Washington, DC, 1968), no. 22, for details on John VI.
^150	See H. Hunger, Das Testament des Patriarchen Matthaios I., 1397-1410, BZ, 51 (1958), 299.
^151	DR3052.
^152	DR3071 (Nov 1357); see Philip of Mézières, Vita S. Petri Thomae, ed. J. Smet (Rome, 1954), 76-9.
^153	J. Meyendorff, “Projets de concile œcuménique en 1367: Un dialogue inédit entre Jean Cantacuzène et le légat Paul,” DOP, 14 (1960), 147-77 (Greek text, summary, and commentary).
^154	This was a reference to Louis of Hungary's alleged views on re-baptism; see here the cautionary comments of Gill, Byzantium and the Papacy, 216 and 303, note 53.
^155	GR2524.
^156	DR3115; cf. GR2526.
^157	DR3120.
^158	DR3122.
^159	See Gill, Byzantium and the Papacy, 221-2.
^160	Tɑ+̆utu, Acta Urb. V (Vatican, 1964), no. 184 (22 Feb 1370).
^161	See Manuel Palaeologus II, Funeral Oration on his brother Theodore, ed. and trans. J. Chrysostomides (CFHB 26, Thessalonica, 1985), and Manuel II, Letters, passim.
^162	Ep. 327, ed. Loenertz, II. 258; trans. Dennis, Manuel II in Thessalonica, 147.
^163	GR2773; MM, vol. 2, no. 379, p. 87.
^164	DR3181a.
^165	Ep. 314, ed. Loenertz, II. 241, trans. in part, Dennis, Manuel II in Thessalonica, 137-8.
^166	Ep. 327, ed. Loenertz, II. 257, trans. Dennis, Manuel II in Thessalonica, 146.
^167	Manuel II, Letters, Ep. 55, pp. 154-57; also trans. Barker, Manuel II, 266-7.
^168	DR3326.
^169	See V. Laurent, “Les préliminaires du concile de Florence: Les Neuf Articles du Pape Martin V et la réponse inédite du Patriarche de Constantinople Joseph II (Octobre 1422),” REB, 20 (1962), 5-60 (Greek and Latin text and trans.); cf. Syropoulos, Mémoires, II, 10-11 p. 112.
^170	DR3406.
^171	Syropoulos was edited (with a misleading Latin trans.) by R. Creyghton (The Hague, 1660) and references in older books are to this. It has now been completely superseded by V. Laurent's edition.
^172	Traversari, writing to Christophoro Garatoni, the papal referendarius, vol. 2, bk, III, Ep. 65, cols. 195-6 (=No. 140).
^173	Syropoulos, Mémoires, III, 25, p. 186.
^174	Many of the participants are listed in Gill, Council of Florence.
^175	See I. S̆evc̆enko, “Intellectual Repercussions,” 291-2.
^176	See I. S̆evc̆enko, “Intellectual Repercussions,” 291-5.
^177	Syropoulos, Mémoires, V, 3, p. 258.
^178	On the translation of western theological works in the later middle ages see G. Podskalsky, Theologie und Philosophie in Byzanz (Munich, 1977), 173-80.
^181	See Gill, Personalities, 15-34.
^182	Greek Acta, 464; the Latin text of the bull Laetentur coeli is in Gill, Council of Florence and it is translated in Gill, Conciles.
^179	Gill, Council of florence, 180-226, gives a full account of the lengthy debates.
^180	Syropoulos, Mémoires, IX, 28, p. 464.
^183	Syropoulos, Mémoires, X, 21-2, pp. 506-8.
^184	Schreiner, Kleinchroniken, vol. 1, Chronicle104, no. 4, p. 662 and vol. 2, Commentary, p. 457.
^185	Ep. Pont., ed. G. Hofmann, III, Doc.243 (Rome, 1946).
^185	On Gregory III, see PLP4591.
^186	On these dates see Gill, Council of Florence, 365-6.
^186a	T. N. Zèsès, Гεvvάòpioç B' ΣΧΟλάpioç (Thessalonica, 1980).
^187	See the different views expressed by D. J. Geanakoplos, The Council of Florence (1438-1439) and the problem of union between the Greek and Latin Churches', Church History, 24 (1955), 324-46 (reprinted with revisions in Byzantine East and Latin West, Oxford, 1966), Gill, Council of Florence, and “The sincerity of Bessarion the unionist,” JTS, n.s. 26 (1975), 377-92, and S̆evc̆enko, “Intellectual repercussions.”
^188	Gill, Council of Florence, 414, Decree of Union, '. . . intueri clare ipsum deum trinum et unum, sicuti est . . .'. Gill, ibid., 285 , comments that this was added to the decree 'to counter Greek palamitic theology', presumably the Greek distinction between essence and energies.
^189	Cod. vat. gr.1107, f. 1. I am indebted to J. Chrysostomides for access to the microfilm of this manuscript.
^190	Sphrantzes, Chronicon Minus, ed. V. Grecu (Bucharest, 1966), Mem. XXIII, 5-6, pp. 58-9, PG156, cols. 1046 D-1047 A.
^191	Syropoulos, Mémoires, IX, 15, p. 448.
^192	Ducas, Historia byzantina, ch. 37, 14-16 (CB, p. 264) and ed. V. Grecu, (Bucharest, 1958), ch. 37, 10, p. 329.
^193	See S+̆evc+̆enko, “Intellectual Repercussions,” 296-300.
^194	Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, Information Service, 15, 11.
^195	Obolensky, Commonwealth, 301-8 and passim.
^196	See Meyendorff, Byzantium and the Rise of Russia, 134.
^197	Nicol, Meteora, 88-105.
^198	On Calistus writings see D. B. Gones, TòσυΓΓρaφικòν ἡρΓον του Oι+̂κουμε½ικου Ρaτριáρχου Kaλλíστου A' (Athens, 1980).
^199	GR2442.
^200	Dates from GR; cf. Darrouzès, Registre synodal and Hunger, Register, on patriarchal activities.
^201	See GR2444 where it is pointed out that the excommunication of Dushan is based on a suspect text.
^202	Cf. M. Lascaris, Mélanges Diehl I (Paris, 1930), 171-5.
^203	GR2663.
^204	GR2411.
^205	V. Laurent, Aux origines de l'église de Moldavie, REB, 5 (1947), 158-70.
^206	See A. Elian, “Byzance et les Roumains à la fin du Moyen Âge,” Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Congress of Byzantine Studies 1966 (Oxford, 1967), 195-203.
^207	D. Obolensky, “Byzantium, Kiev and Moscow: A Study in Ecclesiastical Relations”', DOP, 11 (1957), 21-78.
^208	MM, vol. 2, no. 447, pp. 190-1; GR 2931 (dated here Sept.-Oct. 1393); trans. E. Barker, Social and Political Thought in Byzantium (Oxford, 1957), 194-6.
^209	On the tangled Byzantino-Russian relations see Meyendorff, Byzantium and the Rise of Russia.
^210	GR 2699; V. Laurent, “Les Droits de l'empereur en matière ecclésiastique: L'Accord de 1380/1382,” REB, 13 (1955), 5-20 (with text and trans.).
^211	GR 2580; MM, vol. 1, no. 266, p. 521, trans. Meyendorff, Byzantium and the Rise of Russia, 283-4. This may of course have been a traditional use of 'oecumene'.
^212	MM, vol. 2, no. 447, p. 189.