Page 1 Report Substrate Materials for intersectoral biogas strategy Foreword
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174 M To L Instrument Increased access of raw material Increased biogas production Increased application Fertilizer Fertilizer Wet Wet Biogas Bio fertilizer Legal Economic Informative M To L Instrument Increased access of raw material Increased biogas production Increased application Fertilizer Fertilizer Wet Wet Biogas Bio fertilizer Legal Economic Informative Feed-in tariff for biogas at gas station Description: By introducing a guaranteed selling price for biogas refueling can guarantee profitability of biogas producer, given that the feed-in-tariff is high enough. More details about the instrument can be found in the tool menu 1 The desired effect: Increasing the production of biogas, and ensure that it is used for transportation purposes. Feature: This instrument has good management efficiency. By adjusting the tariff will trigger desired amount of biogas production. Since the feed-in-tariff only applies to sales to service stations will it is likely but not guaranteed that the biogas will be used for transportation purposes. Introduce a tax on natural gas unless it fulfilled a%-vis requirement biogas intervention Description: As described above, all measures which are aimed at increasing the proportion of gas vehicles also increase the use of natural gas, unless it simultaneously introduce a higher fee for natural gas so that biogas is considerable less expensive compared to natural gas. A possible remedy here is to introduce for example, a CO 2 Tax on natural gas, but unless it is mixed in a certain proportion of biogas. The requirement the interference percentage can be increased gradually as more biogas becomes available on the market. The desired effect: Increase production and use of biogas. Feature: This instrument is partially effective governance. It ensures that the proportion of biogas increases relative to natural gas, but not the production and use of gas generally increases. Possible drawbacks: By introducing a tax on natural gas demand for such gas-powered vehicles is reduced, because these can also use natural gas.
175 M To L Instrument Increased access of raw material Increased biogas production Increased application Fertilizer Fertilizer Wet Wet Biogas Bio fertilizer Legal Economic Informative M To L Instrument Increased access of raw material Increased biogas production Increased application Fertilizer Fertilizer Wet Wet Biogas Bio fertilizer Legal Economic Informative 3.2 Increased use of bio fertilizer 3.2.1 Legal instruments Stricter requirements in fertilizer products Regulations for storage and distribution of Fertilizer The desired effect: The revision of fertilizer products Regulation, the main purpose being to ensure that emissions to water and air is limited and most of the added nutrients (such as nitrogen and P) used of crops. It is possible that this will lead to requirements for manure and mineral fertilizers favors the use of organic fertilizer Feature: This instrument is moderately effective management for increased use of bio fertilizer. Depends much of the design. Any stricter other fertilizers will increase the profitability of to use organic fertilizer. Maximum Requirements for supply of phosphorus and covering all fertilizers will probably be beneficial for the application of organic fertilizer but does not ensure provision of agriculture in the districts has a large feed imports that livestock production is large compared to the need. Possible drawbacks: Such requirements would increase costs for farmers who have too much manure. Feasibility: Good Conducted in neighboring countries: No. Changing demands in the fertilizer product regulation to heavy metal content in bio fertilizer The desired effect: Harmonised requirements for all fertilizers / soil improvers regard. Containing heavy metals will improve the bio fertilizer position compared to eg manure and mineral fertilizers. Feature: As of today, the requirement for heavy metal content related to tonnes of dry matter. Through biogas process goes down solids content, organic material is methane instead. Content nitrogen, phosphorus mm. but also heavy metals remain the same in absolute amounts, but in relation to amount TS increases. Therefore requires a smaller amount of organic fertilizer to supply certain quantities nitrogen and phosphorus. One can replace relation to dry weight, with a ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus. Possible drawbacks: bio fertilizer can be perceived as "less pure" than other fertilizers Feasibility: Good Conducted in neighboring countries:?
176 M To L Instrument Increased access of raw material Increased biogas production Increased application Fertilizer Fertilizer Wet Wet Biogas Bio fertilizer Legal Economic Informative M To L Instrument Increased access of raw material Increased biogas production Increased application Fertilizer Fertilizer Wet Wet Biogas Bio fertilizer Legal Economic Informative M To L Instrument Increased access of raw material Increased biogas production Increased application Fertilizer Fertilizer Wet Wet Biogas Bio fertilizer Legal Economic Informative Development of standards / declaration of contents for bio fertilizer The desired effect: the development of standards / content declaration will make use of bio fertilizer more attractive. The revised regulations fertilizer products will be requirements for fertilizer plan to plan added amounts of nutrients. If instead of standard introduces a declaration of content of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium based on calculations and / or analysis bio fertilizer will improve its position clear in relation to manure and mineral fertilizers. Attribute: Medium control effectively, especially by a declaration of contents of the nitrogen content, phosphorus and potassium. It can be based on a calculation based on the incoming raw optionally supplemented by analyzes. Possible drawbacks: Possibly costs, but these are believed to be small especially for content declaration. Feasibility: Good Conducted in neighboring countries: Unknown 3.2.2 Economic instruments Support for the analysis of bio fertilizer The desired effect: increased use of bio fertilizer Attribute: Medium control effectively the same reason that the introduction of standard / content declaration Possible disadvantages: Additional administration Feasibility: Good Conducted in neighboring countries: Development of fertilizer calculator containing organic fertilizer The desired effect: Make use of bio fertilizer more attractive, in the same way that "the development of standards / content declaration "and" support the analysis of digestate. " Attribute: Medium control effectively
177 M To L Instrument Increased access of raw material Increased biogas production Increased application Fertilizer Fertilizer Wet Wet Biogas Bio fertilizer Legal Economic Informative M To L Instrument Increased access of raw material Increased biogas production Increased application Fertilizer Fertilizer Wet Wet Biogas Bio fertilizer Legal Economic Informative M To L Instrument Increased access of raw material Increased biogas production Increased application Fertilizer Fertilizer Wet Wet Biogas Bio fertilizer Legal Economic Informative Possible Disadvantages: None known Feasibility: Good, consistent with expected changes in fertilizer products Regulations Support for the transport of organic fertilizer for suitable distribution areas The desired effect: better utilization of bio fertilizer. Feature: It is good management efficiency if one adds the requirement to spread the area to receive Center. By adjusting the amount of aid will also be able to ensure that it is more profitable to spread bio fertilizer in relation to the use of fertilizers or other ways to treat organic fertilizer. Possible Disadvantages: Costly for budgetary authorities, especially if it should happen further growth in livestock and fertilizer production areas without the need for more fertilizer. Feasibility: Good, except for costs Conducted in neighboring countries: Not available Support for the processing of organic fertilizer (Pelleting or similar) The desired effect: Increased use of / demand for bio fertilizer by creating products that are easier to handle / transport Attribute sure management efficiency depends much on products Tax on nitrogen and phosphorus in fertilizer Description: It is a tax on the content of nitrogen and possibly phosphorus fertilizer. The fee will raise the cost of fertilizer and thus increase the value of manure and organic fertilizer. This could increase value of organic fertilizer and thus the motivation for the supply of manure and organic waste the biogas plant, if the processing and storage at the biogas plant can help to improve the utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus in these raw materials.
178 M To L Instrument Increased access of raw material Increased biogas production Increased application Fertilizer Fertilizer Wet Wet Biogas Bio fertilizer Legal Economic Informative The desired effect: The main purpose of a tax on nitrogen and possibly phosphorus fertilizers to reduce the loss of nutrients and emissions to water and air and better utilization of such manure and organic waste. Any increase in the amount of manure and waste for biogas plants will therefore simply be a side effect. Feature: This instrument can be regarded as medium to good governance effectively when the main objective is to ensure better utilization of manure with less loss and reduced discharge of nutrients to water and ammonia to air. However, there are several ways to accomplish this than treatment in biogas plants and value of manure will be increased in nearly the same rate as the value of organic fertilizer. This may result fewer want to give up the manure into biogas plant management effectiveness in terms of biogas target is probably relatively small. Possible drawbacks: Previous experience with a nitrogen charge until 2003 and financial calculations shows that the tax must be fairly high (50-100% of the price of fertilizer nitrogen to have a effect of importance on the use of mineral fertilizers). It will not accept farmers without some form of compensation, for example. in the form of a rollback. This instrument can also have an adverse regional effect, since agriculture in areas with low animal and get biogas plants will not have easy access to fertilizer and organic fertilizer. Feasibility: Significant resistance among industry players and agricultural management including LMD Conducted in neighboring countries: Denmark has a very small fee, Sweden had a charge in the period 1980-2010 3.2.3 Informative instruments Information campaign on the use of bio fertilizer Description: Information campaigns on the use of organic fertilizer could increase knowledge and thus demand / willingness to pay for organic fertilizer. It will, however, depend on whether one has positive news to inform.
The desired effect: More bio fertilizer applied most cost effective Possible Disadvantages: None known Feasibility: Good
179 4 Transverse measures This chapter describes the transverse measures that will: Contribute to increase biogas production in general Contribute to increased knowledge Help to reduce the risk of negative effects of an biogassatsing
Study Support related to the optimization of climate and environmental benefits: In order to optimize both positioning and dimensioning of the biogas plant, for example, models such as those of Østfoldforskning (2012) is used. A possible remedy is to provide evaluation support for projects during planning so that they can make use of such a tool. Using such a model, be possible to quantify climate benefits and cost of the enterprise for different solutions. If the selected facility will have a very favorable climate benefit at the expense of corporate profitability, the imagine that Enova / SLF / MD can provide support to cover the increased costs. Improved communication between the players: Since the value chain of biogas and bio fertilizer involving many different actors, it is advantageous that collaboration across traditional sectoral divisions occurs. In the survey conducted in this work, it was pointed out that there is a need to establish platforms that meeting point for players. In Sweden, it created some Web portals for biogas consisting of various stakeholders, such as www.biogasportalen.se and www.sgc.se. National Working Group on Biogas: A working group to follow up the developments in the biogas market over time may contribute to the adaptation of means to a changing market. Simultaneously, working group to monitor the development of biogas production and ensure that any objectives are achieved. Denmark has established a working group to monitor developments for biogas development and guide biogas projects under Energiavftalen adopted in March 2012. It is set by nearly 10 million Danish kroner to the Working Group for the period 2012-2015.
180 4.2 Transverse measures to increase knowledge Better statistics: As of today, there are no good statistics on the amount of biogas produced and used or quantity of waste used for this in Norway. It may be appropriate that the SSB establish such statistics for biogas production and improves the static for wet organic industrial waste. This will make it easier to adapt programs in a better way. Research and development (R & D): R & D may contribute to reduced costs for biogas production and increased environmental benefit. In particular, some areas that need increased research activity: Process Optimization (temperature, time, etc.) and substrate compositions and how these affecting gas yield Pretreatment increasing biogas yield New technology such as dry processes that can reduce the investment cost to biogas plants New substrates / raw materials, such as birch wood chips, park and garden, seaweed, ("eaves meadows ") and waste from agriculture (straw, potato waste, waste from vegetable production, hay, grass and silage that keeps feed quality) Better documented effect of the use of organic fertilizer on soil ecology, plant growth and reduced need for pesticides. Better documented effect on greenhouse gas emissions in biogas production and storage and application of organic fertilizer Knowledge of cost-effective technology in smaller facilities and sambehandlingsanlegg, custom Norwegian conditions. Knowledge of dense storage of organic fertilizer, and emissions of methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia. R & D needs for biogas production from manure It is relatively large uncertainties associated with the calculated values for costs, emission reductions, environmental benefits and other benefits that are used in Klimakur / rural sector report / value chain report and Now in this report biogas, especially for production based on manure. This is because in Norway's only a couple of small biogas plants for manure and no major. The same applies plant sambehandling of organic waste and manure. Costs and experiences with operation of such facilities abroad are not easily transferred to Norway. The main uncertainty factors are: Uncertainty about the actual costs of major facilities for manure and sambehandlingsanlegg of manure and organic waste. Uncertainty about gas yield of the different fertilizer types and combinations of fertilizers and admixing of other substrates. Uncertainty about the size of emissions reductions through treatment of various types manure in biogas plants in the baseline scenario. Among other indications the proliferation of bio fertilizer reduces emissions of nitrous oxide and runoff than rågjødsel but documentation is inadequate. uncertainty in valuation of environmental benefits from reduced emissions of ammonia, nitrates and phosphorus compounds.
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