Figures |
|
|
Figure 2-1
|
Peak Oil predictions
|
21
|
Figure 2-2
|
Bio-product Value Chains
|
28
|
Figure 3-1
|
Percentage distribution of estimated current biomass production from Forest products potentially available as biorefinery from Southern Australia
|
41
|
Figure 3-2
|
Percentage distribution of estimated current biomass production potentially from crops available as biorefinery feedstock from Southern Australia
|
42
|
Figure 4-1
|
Schematic representation of the location and structure of different components in Lignocellulosic material. Adapted from Ritter
|
50
|
Figure 4-2
|
Basic biorefinery processes and product categories
|
51
|
Figure 4-3
|
NREL estimated costs for cellulosic biorefinery
|
58
|
Figure 4-4
|
Lignocellulosic biorefinery scheme with an emphasis on the lignin stream
|
62
|
Figure 5-1
|
Example of product streams potentially available from lignocelluloses processing
|
68
|
Figure 5-2
|
Summary figure: Global Renewable Chemicals Market 2007‐2014 ($Thousands)
|
72
|
Figure 5-3
|
Biofeedstock Utilization in Renewable Chemicals
|
75
|
Figure 5-4
|
Sources of Renewable Chemicals
|
76
|
Figure 5-5
|
Growing Market for Biocatalysis
|
77
|
Figure 5-6
|
Chemicals and Plastics and the global (re) emergence of an integrated biobased economy
|
78
|
Figure 6-1
|
Overview of Policy Instruments
|
94
|
Figure 6-2
|
Overview of key relationships relevant to assessment of bioenergy potentials
|
95
|
Figure 7-1
|
Estimates of revenue from a temperate biomass value chain in 2010 and 2020 in Billions
|
101
|
Tables |
|
|
Table 2-1
|
GHG Emission Reduction Potential - Summary
|
23
|
Table 2-2
|
Revenue Potential along the International Biomass Value Chain (source: WEF 2010, The Future of Industrial Biorefineries)
|
29
|
Table 3-1
|
Estimates of biomass availability across Australia for energy or fuel
|
34
|
Table 3-2
|
Estimates of biomass availability for energy or fuel from regional case studies
|
36
|
Table 3-3
|
Key assumptions used to estimate biomass production from forests and crops
|
39
|
Table 3-4
|
Estimated current biomass production potentially available as biorefinery feedstock from southern Australia (kT/y oven-dry weight). Note: NSW includes ACT.
|
40
|
Table 3-5
|
Assumed costs of producing, harvesting, chipping and transporting different feedstock types
|
44
|
Table 3-6
|
Estimated production and transport costs ($/t oven-dry weight) for different feedstock types and distances *
|
45
|
Table 4-1
|
Lignocellulosic biorefinery technologies for fuel and co-product production
|
55
|
Table 4-2
|
Capital Investment and outputs from operational and planned facilities
|
57
|
Table 4-3
|
Estimated costs for an Australian Temperate Biomass Biorefinery
|
58
|
Table 4-4
|
Capital and operating costs for a 568M L/yr petroleum equivalent plant (in 2005 dollars A$)
|
61
|
Table 4-5
|
Examples of companies currently producing or at proof of concept for bio-based products
|
65
|
Table 5-1
|
Technical substitution (%) potential of biobased man-made fibres (staple fibres and filament)
|
70
|
Table 5-2
|
Prospective biobased platform chemicals and their application areas
|
71
|
Table 5-3
|
Global Renewable Platform Chemicals Market, by products, 2007-2014 ($millions)
|
73
|
Table 6-1
|
Key Motivations for Bioenergy Policy
|
93
|
Table 6-2
|
Breakdown of projected new jobs in the bioenergy industry by 2020
|
96
|
Table 6-3
|
University postgraduate research training
|
98
|
