Part-time Faculty, Department of Zoology,
Faculty of Science, and Associate Director, Centre
for Teaching and Academic Growth
Road to Global Citizenship: An Educator’s Toolbook
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Community service-learning (CSL) is a good way to
make the connection between whatever the course
content is, and what I consider to be a crucial piece
of global citizenship: the motivation and capacity
for agency—being able to go from the abstract and
theoretical to the active and concrete. What CSL
can offer is a way to get students to apply their
learning in the world. To me, global citizenship is
not a theoretical imperative. It’s very much about
critical thinking, appreciation for diversity, analysis
of the systemic underpinnings of whatever you’re
seeing on the surface—but if you see all that and
you’re not doing anything, it’s not global
citizenship—it’s armchair global citizenship. What
CSL can offer is a very straightforward mechanism
to make the connection between the theory or the
analysis, and the linking of that analysis to real-
world problems, and doing something. One of the
fundamental weaknesses in the institution of the
university, I believe, is the disconnect between
theory and action.
There’s a critical need to ensure that students have
the belief that they can do something, and have the
capacity to know what’s skilful to do in a certain
context. There’s a perfectionism in the academic
environment, a legitimate ethic around not going
off half-cocked about a problem, but the way that
tends to be practiced results in so much discussion,
analysis and contestation that the energy and
momentum to actually do something is lost and
destroyed in the process of argumentation. Part of
why the energy and momentum gets lost I believe is
because in the university there’s not the
pragmatism that we see in, say, the business world
or the non-profit sector: where they are more likely
to say “Yeah, this is really difficult and we don’t
fully understand it, but we have to do something
about it. We don’t know the perfect answer, we
don’t have the empirical data that we might like,
so what’s the best thing we can do, given what we
know, acknowledging what we don’t know?” In
many respects, the university has the luxury of
being in the position of not necessarily having to
do something; they’re not called upon in the way
other sectors are, that have to do something, have
to act. It’s one of the things that CSL requires the
University to change. I think it’s one of the reasons
CSL is sometimes a tough sell: you have to take
risks and you have to expose yourself to failure, and
you have to act in the face of uncertainty, and
knowing there are some things you don’t know.
Reflection is one of the key components of CSL,
and I believe it’s the piece that gives it power as a
pedagogy. Not all students who reflect have their
horizons
broadened
or
minds
opened
or
stereotypes unpacked, but if students are not doing
reflection those things are very unlikely to happen.
In my graduate course, my students are being
taught to be a project leader of a group of
undergraduate students for a CSL project during
Reading Week. The graduate students are required
to write weekly reflective journals that I give
feedback on almost every week. Sometimes I give
them specific questions as the focus of the journal,
sometimes we generate the question together as a
class. I ask them to make a connection between the
readings and discussion in class, and their own
personal experience, thoughts, and feelings. The
reflective dialogue space is one where you can think
out loud, you can imagine a scenario or imagine
an idea without necessarily having all your
arguments lined up the way you would need to if
you were building an intellectual argument—
without risk of being judged or attacked, but
understanding that you can be confronted in a
curiosity-driven kind of way. Most university
students are familiar with talking about a paper
and coming to understand what an author was
getting at and understanding how that connects
with other things you’re studying in the course—
that kind of construction of shared knowledge is
very intellectual. Students are used to that. They’re
also used to debates and arguments. I don’t think
in most university courses students are taught how
to engage in reflective dialogue.
I think one way you do that is making it clear that
reflective dialogue is different from what students
are used to doing. Another way I try to highlight
the difference between reflective dialogue and
traditional academic discourse is pointing out that
Teaching and learning approaches
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