Table 3. Risk matrix Category of risk Description and likely effect Mitigation measures Allocation Develop-
mental risk
Insufficient
preparatory tasks
and project planning
leading to delays in
procurement and
financial close
− Good feasibility study (that includes
comprehensive analysis of risks,
possible effects and how to address
them as well as de-risking to the
extent possible)
− Institutional due diligence
− Competent transaction advisor
Government/
implementing
agency
Sponsor
risk
Financial strength
(ability to participate
with equity, can
arrange third party
equity, financially
solvent and financial
requirement does not
exceed capacity, can
provide limited
recourse, if needed)
− Credit references and rating
− Minimum level of equity stake
− Bank guarantee and undertaking
− Bid bond from banker(s)
− Track
record
− Financial statement analysis
− Ensure adequacy of finance under
loan facilities
− Use of non-financial evaluation
criteria and due diligence on private
parties
Government/
implementing
agency
Cost
overrun risk
During the design
and/or construction
phase, the actual
project costs exceed
the estimated cost
− Fixed price and fixed time EPC
contract
− Review by lender’s engineer
− Contingency provisions; standby
debt facilities/additional equity
commitments (commitments are
needed upfront)
− Equity stake of EPC contractor
SPV/PP (can pass
on to EPC
contractor)
16.
In project finance, structured finance broadly means debt structured to fit the cash flow.
A Guidebook on Public-Private Partnership in Infrastructure 37
