R. I. Isroilov t f. d., professor, tta normal va patologik fiziologiya, patologik

M orfologiyasi. A n atom ik jih atdan V ilm s o'sm asi yirik, yaxshi chegaralangan 
m assadir. K esim da kulran g ran gdagi, qon quyilish, n ekroz o'choqlari v a kistalari 
m avjud bo'lgan, yum sh oq gom ogen m assa ko'rinishida aniqlanadi.
Mikroskop ostida nefrogenezning turli bosqichlarini aks ettiruvchi tuzilm a- 
larni aniqlash m um kin. Shish ning parenxim asi blastom a, strom a hujayralari va 
epitelial kom ponentdan iborat. Epitelial kom ponentlar esa abortiv naychalar 
yoki koptokchalardan iborat. Strom a elem entlaridan fibrositlar va m ik soid hu- 
jayralarn i ko'rish m u m kin. O 'sm ada kam dan-kam hollarda yassi epiteliy, silliq 
m ushak, tog'ay, yog' to'qim asi, o steoid va nerv to‘qim alari hujayralarini farqlash

---

m u m kin. 0 ‘sm a uchun anaplaziya, yirik yadrolari bilan ajralib turuvchi hujayra­
lar x o s bo'lib, bu terapiyadagi rezistentlikning sababidir.
K lin ik belgilari: qorin bo‘shlig‘ida bir tom onlam a yoki ikki tom onlam a 
jo ylash gan m assan in g m avjudligi va un in g kichik tosgach a borishi. K asallikka 
x o s sim p tom lar - gem aturiya, qo rin bo‘shlig‘idagi o g r iq , gipertenziya.
TA V SIY A E T IL A D IG A N A D A B IY O T L A R
А бдуплаходж аева М . С, П олякова Г. А. П а то л о ги я пересадки почки. — 
Т а ш к е н т : М едицина, 1988.
А бдуплаходж аева М . С. Современные п р ед ставл ен и я о п атоген езе 
сепсиса и синдроме во сп ал и тел ьн ой реакции. - П е д и а т р и я № 1, с. 124-128.
А вцы н А. П. Введение в географическую п атол оги ю . — М . : Медицина, 
1987.
А вцы н А. П. , Ж аворонков А. А. , Puui М . А. , С т р о ч к о в а Л. С. 
М и кроэлем ен ты . — М . -.Медицина, 1991.
Д авы довский И. В. О б щ ая п а т о л о г и я человека. — М . : Медицина, 1995. 
С аркисов Д. С, П альц ев М . А . , Х и т р о е Н. К. О б щ ая п ато л о ги я человека.
— М . : М едицина, 1995.
С т р у к о в А. И . , Серов В. В. П атол оги ч еск ая а н а т о м и я . — М .: Медицина, 
1993.
Цинзерлинг А. В. Э т и о л о ги я и п ато ген ез о с т р ы х р есп и р ато р н ы х 
инфекций. — Я . : М едицина, 1977.
A kkerm an Н. P. Surgery pathology. — New-York — London — Tokyo, 1995. 
Burkit H. . Lowe J. B asic Hlstopathology. — New-York — M ad rid — Tokyo, 
1996.
G uttm an R. D . , Bach F. N .. Clam en H. N. et al. Ummunology. — Michigan, 
1995.
G avan A. D . , M acfarlam e P ., C allander R. Pathology illustrated. — Edinburg
— London — M ad rid  — New-York, 1995.
H aglun d U ., Warson S . , Lunberg D. Sepsis, Sirs an d M ods. - Boras, 1995. 
K u m ar V ., Cotran R . , Robbins S. B asic Pathology. — D allas — Boston, 1992. 
Llaolsi I . , M erino M. , Brooks J. Pathology. — N atio n al M edical Series from  
W illiams, 1991.
Robbins, Cotran, Kum ar, Collins. Pathologic B asis o f D isease. - Sixth Edition, 
1999.

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FAN KO‘RSATKICHI
A
Abssess, 189 
Akatalazem iya, 49 
A ktinom ikoz, 273, 349 
Albinizm , 8 0 ,3 6 8 , 374, 384 
A m iloid
kim yoviy tabiati, 58
A ntitelolarga b og'liq hujayralar disfim k- 
tsiyasi, 214 
Antrakoz, 4 0 3 ,4 2 6
A rtyus fenom eni, 9 1 ,2 1 4 ,2 1 7 ,2 1 8 ,2 2 2 ,2 2 3 , 
2 3 6 ,2 4 3 , 300 
A sbestoz, 428,4 2 9
Aspergillyoz
ona qornid agi hom ilada uchraydigan xili, 350 
Assit, 423 
A utofagotsitoz, 44
A utoim m un kasalfikiar, 2 2 5 ,2 2 6 ,2 2 8 ,2 2 9
Autoliz, 102 
Autopsiya, 4, 5 ,7
Avitam inozlar, 30
В
Bakteriyalar q o zg a tad ig an yuqum li k asal­
iiklar
difteriya, 2 7 ,1 6 7 ,1 8 6 ,1 8 8 ,2 1 5 , 290,291, 293, 
295,2 9 6
qorin tifi, 16, 1 8 ,9 0 ,1 9 4 ,2 8 1 ,3 0 0 ,3 0 1 ,3 0 2 , 
303, 305
salm onellyoz, 192,306 
skarlatina, 2 9 7 ,2 9 8 ,2 9 9 ,3 0 0 , 365 
Bazaliom a, 481 
Bens-Jons oqsillari, 61 
Berillioz, 4 0 3 ,4 3 0
Bevosita VTCH tufayli paydo bo'ladigan 
ensefalopatiya, 254 
Bezgak 
ovale, 352
Biologik om illar, 1 9,27 
D
D egidratatsiya, 115,164 
Derm atom ikozlar, 273 
D esm oid, 469 
Diapedez, 115,125
Difteriya, 3 3 ,4 2 , 2 7 3 ,2 8 1 , 2 9 0 ,2 9 1 ,2 9 3 , 294, 
295
Displaziya, 114
Distrofiya, 32, 37
Dizenteriya (ichburug1), 2 7 3 ,3 0 7
E
Ekssudat, 1 8 6 ,2 6 2 ,2 9 7 ,3 3 7
Ekzantem a, 290
Em boliya, 1 1 5 ,1 4 3 ,1 4 5 ,1 4 6 ,1 4 8 ,1 5 4
Enantem a, 289 
Enxondrom a, 473 
Eritrodiapedez, 176,192
F
Fagotsitoz, 166,177, 217 
Fenilketonuriya, 368,3 8 2
Fibrinoid bo'kish, 5 2 ,5 3 , 54 
Fibrom a, 4 6 7 ,4 7 0
Fibrosarkom a, 470 
Filoyoqlik, 107 
Flegm ona, 190 
Furunkul, 188
G
Galaktozem iya, 368,3 8 3
G em angioendoteliom a, 477 
G em atom a, 496
G em oglobinogen pigm entlar, 52 
Gem oliz, 7 3 ,7 4 ,1 2 7 ,3 6 4
G em ostaz, 116 
Genlar, 3 6 8 ,3 7 2 , 395 
G etchinson uchligi, 346 
Geterofagotsitoz, 44 
Gialinoz, 5 2 ,5 4 , 55 
Gialin-tom chili distrofiya, 35, 36 
G idroperikardium , 164 
G id ropik distrofiya, 34 
Ginekom astiya, 106 
Giperkeratoz, 3 6 ,3 7 ,4 7 9
Giperplaziya, 112 
Gipertrofiya, 1 9 ,4 7 ,1 0 6
Gipoksiya, 1 9 ,2 2 ,2 3
G ipovolem ik shok, 1 5 4 ,1 5 5 ,1 5 8
Glikogenozlar, 4 2 ,3 6 8 ,3 8 6

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Granulyom alar, 193,194, 350, 3 5 4 ,4 3 0
G ripp, 2 7 3 ,2 8 2 , 283
I
Ichak am yobiazi, 273, 355 
Im m un reaksiyalar, 19 
Im m unitet tan qisligi holatlari, 247 
Im m u nopatologik jarayonlar, 3 
Infarkt, 9 5 ,9 6 ,9 7
Infeksion kasalliklar, 273,274,2 7 5 ,2 7 7 ,2 7 9 ,2 8 1
Inversiya, 399
Irsiy kam chiliklar, 19
Irsiy kasalliklar, 368, 3 6 9 ,3 7 0 ,3 7 3
J
Joydagi rak, 480 
К
K aposh i sarkom asi, 477,4 7 8
K alsiy alm ashin uvin ing buzilishi, 8 4 ,8 8
K am qon lik, 115,122 
K an didoz, 2 5 4 ,2 5 5 ,3 4 7 , 348, 349 
K an serogenez, 440 
K apillyar gem an giom a, 476 
K arbunkul, 189,191, 322,3 2 4
K ariolizis, 45
K asbga alo q ad o r kasalliklar, 424 
K im yoviy birikm alar va dorilar, 24 
K laynfelter sind rom i, 400 
K om binatsiyalangan og‘ir im m unitet 
tanqisligi, 249 
K om pen sator jarayonlar, 14 
K vashiorkor, 404
L
L ab il hujayralar, 257 
L eykoderm a, 80 
L eyom iom a, 471 
Leyshm anioz, 358 
L ipidogen pigm entlar, 52 
L ipom a, 469 
L iposarkom a, 470
L izosom al to'planish kasalliklari, 368 
L izosom alar, 4 5 ,4 8
M
M arazm , 403, 405 
M elanin, 467 
M elanom a, 4 8 6 ,4 8 7 ,4 8 8
M ikozlar, 347
M ikroelementozlar, 403 
M iksom a, 470 
M is yetishm ovchiligi, 422 
M ukopolisaxaridozlar, 368, 392, 394 
Mutatsiya, 373
N
Nekroz, 1 9 ,4 3 ,8 9 , 9 0 ,9 2 , 9 7 ,9 9 ,1 8 9 ,1 9 6 , 
238, 301,326, 332,430 
Neytral yog'lar alm ashinuvining, 5 2 ,6 7
N om a, 95
О
O haklanish, 85 
O qsil distrofiyalari, 52 
ortiqchaligi, 84, 251,403 
O ziqlanishning buzilishi, 403
P
Papilloma, 479 
Paragripp, 273, 284, 285 
Patom orfoz, 16 
Pellagra, 418
Perm anent hujayralar, 258 
Pigmentlar, 72 
Pigmentli nevuslar, 483 
Piogen m em brana, 189 
Plazm orragiya, 115,126 
Pnevm okoniozlar, 425 
Pnevm oniya, 329 
P odagra, 82, 83, 370
R
R abdom iom a, 472 
R abdom iosarkom a, 472, 500 
Raxit, 409
Regeneratsiya, 2 5 7 ,2 7 1 ,2 7 2 , 310 
Reklingxauzen kasalligi, 368, 375 
Respirator-sinsitial infeksiya, 287 
Revm atoid artrit, 201, 2 1 7 ,2 3 5 ,2 3 6 ,2 3 7 , 
238,239
S
Salm onellyoz, 305 ,3 0 6
Selektiv A im m unoglobulin tanqisligi, 250 
Sellvegem ing serebrogepatorenal, 49 
Sem irish, 67

---

Sepsis, 362, 363,364, 366, 367, 502 
Shish, 1 1 5 ,1 6 0 ,1 6 3 ,1 6 4 ,1 9 8 ,2 9 3 ,3 2 2 ,4 1 8
Shox m oddali distrofiya, 36, 37 
Silikatozlar, 403,4 2 8
Silikoz, 4 0 3 ,4 2 7 ,4 2 8
sindrom i, 16,49, 5 0 ,6 7 ,1 1 8 ,1 4 1 ,1 4 3 ,1 5 7 , 
1 5 9 ,2 0 1 ,2 2 6 ,2 3 5 ,2 4 0 ,2 4 3 ,2 4 5 ,2 4 9 ,2 5 0 , 
2 5 1 ,2 8 8 ,3 1 3 ,3 6 3 , 3 6 8 ,3 7 2 ,3 7 5 ,3 8 0 ,3 9 3 , 
394, 395, 3 9 7 ,3 9 9 ,4 0 0 ,4 0 1 ,4 0 2 ,4 1 5 ,4 2 3 , 
431,432, 4 4 4 ,4 6 5 ,4 6 6 ,4 7 3 ,4 8 5 ,4 9 7 ,4 9 8
Sistema sklerodermiyasi, 201,239,240,241,243 
SitokminJar, 205
Sitomegalovirusli infeksiya, 2 5 3 ,2 5 4 ,2 8 7 ,2 8 9
Sitoskelet, 49
Skarlatina (qizilcha), 296
Soxta m uskatsim on jigar, 40
Stabil hujayralar, 258
Staz, 1 1 5 ,1 2 7 ,1 5 8
Surunkali yallig'lanish, 5 9 ,1 6 7 ,1 8 0 ,1 8 1 ,1 8 2 ,
183,198
Suyak qadog'i, 265 
T
Tabiiy om illar, 19
Teri raki, 480
To'qima atipizm i, 450,4 6 8
To'qima em boliyasi, 151
To'qima suyuqligi m iqdorining, 116,160
Tom ir fenomeni, 166
Toun (o'lat), 315
Tromb, 1 3 2 ,1 3 6 ,1 3 7 ,1 3 9 ,1 4 5 ,1 4 6
Trom boem boliya, 139,145 
Trom botsitlar, 1 3 0 ,1 3 1 ,1 3 5 , 353 
Trom boz, 1 1 5 ,1 2 8 ,1 3 4 ,1 3 9 ,1 4 1
Tugunchali periarteriit, 243,244, 245
U
U glevod distrofiyalari, 4 2 ,5 2
V
Vabo, 2 7 3 ,2 8 1 ,3 1 2 ,3 1 4 ,3 1 5
Vegener granulyom atozi, 2 0 1 ,2 4 5 ,2 4 6
Viruslar, 2 8 ,2 0 7 ,2 7 3 ,2 7 4 ,2 7 5 ,2 7 9 ,2 8 1 ,4 4 5
V isseral m ikozlar, 273
Vita’m inlar yetishmovchiligi va ortiqchaligi, 406 
V itiligo, 80,81
Y
Yallig'lanish, 4 2 ,8 2 ,1 0 8 ,1 1 7 ,1 6 6 ,1 6 7
Y olbars yuragi, 4 0,41 
Yotoq yaralar, 94 
Yuing sarkom asi, 4 7 4 ,4 7 5 , 500
Z
Zaxm , 192,195, 2 0 0 ,2 7 3 , 341,3 4 2
O'
O'lim , 1 6 ,9 9 ,1 0 0 ,1 0 2 ,2 3 5 ,2 8 4 , 3 2 0 ,4 7 8 ,4 9 5
O'smalar, 110,139, 438, 439, 441, 447, 448, 
4 5 0 ,4 5 1 ,4 5 3 ,4 5 4 ,4 5 6 ,4 5 8 ,4 6 3 ,4 6 5 ,4 6 6 , 
468, 500
0 ‘ta sezuvchanlik reaksiyalari, 209 
O'tkir yallig'lanish, 5 9 ,1 6 6 ,1 6 7 ,1 7 5 , 279,
1 8 0 ,1 8 3 ,1 9 8
1 4 ,2 1 ,2 2 ,2 6 ,3 0 ,4 3 ,5 3 ,5 4 ,5 5 ,6 9 , 84, 85,
1 1 2 ,1 1 6 ,1 1 8 ,1 3 1 ,1 3 4 ,1 3 5 ,1 4 6 ,1 5 5 ,1 6 0 ,
172, 2 1 1 ,2 2 7 ,2 3 6 ,2 8 6 , 326, 3 6 9 ,3 7 3 , 374, 
395,396, 3 9 7 ,3 9 9 ,4 0 4 ,4 2 2 ,4 5 4 ,4 6 1 ,4 6 2 , 
463,465, 501
Q
Q izam iq, 2 8 ,2 7 3 ,2 8 9 ,2 9 0
Q on ketishi va qon quyilishi, 115,1 2 6
Q onni ivituvchi sistem a, 132,133 
Q orin tifi (ich terlam a), 273, 300
X
Xavfli lentigo, 486 
X em otaksis, 1 6 6 ,1 7 6 ,1 7 9
X ondrosarkom a, 474
H
Hujayra alteratsiyasi, 22 
H ujayra atipizm i, 450,451 
H ujayra distrofiyasi, 19,34

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M U N D A R I J A
SO ‘Z B O SH I...................................................................................................................................................................... 3
K IRISH ................................................................................................................................................................................4
PATOLOGIK ANATOMIYANING M AZM UNI VA VAZ1FALARI..................................................................... 4
PATOLOGIK ANATOMIYANING USULLARl.........................................................................................................5
QISQACHA TARIXIY MA'LUMOTLAR................................................................................................
7
O'ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASIDA PATOLOGIK ANATOMIYANING RIVOfLANISH TARIXI.............. 9
I BO B
K ASALLIK HAQIDA UM UMIY TA’ LIM O T.......................................................................................................12
KASALLIK TU SHU NCHASININ G TA’RIFI........................................................................... ;............................... 12
ETIOLOGIYASI...............................................................................................................................................................12
PATOGENEZI..................................................................................................................................................................13
KOMPENSATOR JARAYONLAR............................................................................................................................14
M ORFOGENEZI............................................................................................................................................................ 16
PATOMORFOZI............................................................................................................................................................. 16
KASALLIKLARNING TASNIFI.................................................................................................................................. 17
К AS ALLIKL ARNING BIOLOGIK AHAMIYATI....................................................................................................18
II BO B
HUJAYRA ALTERATSIYASI VA ADAPTATSIYASI........................................................................................ 20
HUJAYRA ALTERATSIYASI....................................................................................................................................... 23
HUJAYRA ZARARLANISHINING SABABLARI VA PATOGENEZI...............................................................23
GIPOKSJYA......................................................................................................................................................................23
KIMYOVIY BIRIKMALAR VA DOR1LAR..............................................................................................................26
TABIIY (FIZIK) OM ILLAR......................................................................................................................................... 27
BIOLOGIK OM ILLAR.................................................................................................................................................. 28
IM M UN REAKSIYALAR............................................................................................................................................. 31
IRSIY KAM CHILIKLAR.............................................................................................................................................. 31
OVQATLANISHNING BUZILISHI.......................................................................................................................... 32
HUJAYRANING QARISHI.......................................................................................................................................... 32
HUJAYRA QAYTAR VA QAYTMAS ZARARLANISHINING MORFOLOGIYASI.......................................33
HUJAYRA DISTROFIYALARI...................................................................................................................................34
OQ SIL DISTROFIYALARI........................................................................................................................................... 35
YOG' DISTROFIYASI....................................................................................................................................................39
UGLEVOD DISTROFIYALARI..................................................................................................................................4S
NEKROZ (HUJAYRA 0 ‘LIMI)....................................................................................................................................43
HUJAYRANING M OSLANISHI (ADAPTATSIYASI).......................................................................................... .49
ATROFIYA........................................................................................................................................................................49
GIPERTROFIYA............................................................................................................................................................. 50
KASALLIKLARNING ULTRASTRUKTURA ASOSLAR1....................................................................................51
III BO B
TO'QIMALAR VA ORGANLAR ALTERATSIYASI............................................................................................ 54
DISTROFIYA. STROMA-TOMIR DISTROFIYALARI..........................................................................................54
O Q SIL DISTROFIYALARI........................................................................................................................................... 54
M UKOID BO'KISH.......................................................................... 
55
FIBRINOID BO'KISH....................................................................................................................................................55
GIALINOZ.........................................................................................
56
AM ILOIDOZ..................................................................................................................................................................60
YOG' DISTROFIYALARI (LIPIDOZLAR)...............................................................................................................69
NEYTRAL YOG'LAR ALM ASHINUVINING BUZILISHI................................................................................. 69
XOLESTERIN VA EF1RLARI ALM ASHINUVINING BUZILISHI....................................................................73
STROMA-TOMIRLARDAGI UGLEVOD DISTROFIYALARI SHILIMSHIQ DISTROFIYA................... 73
ARALASH OQSIL DISTROFIYALARI..................................................................................................................... 73
XROMOPROTEIDLAR ALM ASHINUVINING BUZILISHI............................................................................. 74

---

GEMOGLOBINOGEN PIGMENTLARI................................................................................................................ 74
LIPIDOGEN PIGMENTLAR..................................................................................................................................... 80
PROTEINOGEN PIGMENTLAR............................................................................................................................... 81
NUKLEOPROTEIDLAR ALM ASHINUVINING BUZILISHI............................................................................. 83
KALSIY ALMASHINUVINING BUZILISHI........................................................................................................... 85
SUYAKLARDAGI KALSIY MIQDORINING O'ZGARISHI................................................................................ 86
YUMSHOQ TO'QIMALARNING OHAKLANISHI..............................................................................................87
TOSH HOSIL BO'LISHI................................................................................................................................................90
NEKROZ...........................................................................................................................................................................91
O'LIM...............................................................................................................................................................................101
IV BO B
ADAPTATSIYA VA KOM PENSATSIYA JARAYONLARI.................................................................................105
G1PERTROFIYA............................................................................................................................................................105
ATROFIYA...................................................................................................................................................................... 110
GIPERPLAZ1YA............................................................................................................................................................ 114
METAPLAZIYA.............................................................................................................................................................115
DISPLAZIYA..................................................................................................................................................................U 6
V B O B
QON VA LIMFA AYLANISHINING BU ZILISH I TO M IRLARDA Q O N T O T ISH U V I O 'ZG A RISH I 
M UNOSABATI BILA N QO N AYLANISH ININ G BUZILISHI
ARTERIAL GIPEREMIYA..........................................................................................................................................119
V ENOZ GIPEREMIYA................................................................................................................................................ 120
KAMQONLIK................................................................................................................................................................124
TO M IRLAR DEVORI SH IK A STLA N ISH I VA 0 ‘TK AZU VCH AN LIGIN IN G O SH ISH I 
M UNOSABATI BILAN RO‘Y BERA D IG A N O 'ZGARISHLAR
QON KETISHI VA QON QUYILISHI..................................................................................................................... 126
DIAPEDEZ YO'LI BILAN Q O N QUYILISHI....:................................................................................................... 127
PLAZMORRAGIYA..................................................................................................................................................... 128
GEMOSTAZ VA QO N REO LO GIK X O SSA LA RIN IN G BU ZILISH I
STAZ................................................................................................................................................................................129
TROMBOZ.....................................................................................................................................................................130
GEMOSTAZ...................................................................................................................................................................130
TROMBOGENEZ........................................................................................................................................................ 136
KO‘P TOM IR ICHIDA QON IVIB QOLISHI (DVS)SINDROMI..................................................................143
EMBOLIYA.....................................................................................................................................................................145
TROMBOEMBOLIYA.................................................................................................................................................147
YOG' EMBOL1YASI..................................................................................................................................................... 150
HAVO EMBOLIYASI................................................................................................................................................... 152
GAZ EMBOLIYASI...................................................................................................................................................... 153
TO'QIMA EMBOLIYASI.............................................................................................................................................153
BAKTER1AL EMBOLIYA............................................................................................................................................154
PARAZITLAR EMBOLIYASI.................................................................................................................................. 155
YOT TANALAR EMBOLIYASI................................................................................................................................. 155
EMBOLIYALARNING OQIBATLARI.....................................................................................................................155
SHOK (KARAXTLIK)................................................................................................................................................. 156
TO'QIMA SUYUQLIGI MIQDORINING O'ZGARISHI.................................................................................... 162
SHISH..............................................................................................................................................................................162
DEGIDRATASIYA........................................................................................................................................................ 167
V I BOB
YALLIG'LANISH......................................................................................................................................................... 168
O'TKIR YALLIG'LANISH................................................................................................- ........................................169
ETIOLOGIYASI VA PATOGENEZI.........................................................................................................................169
O'TKIR YALLIG'LANISH MEDIATORLARI........................................................................................................170
TOM IR FENOM ENI....................................................................................................................................................174

---

XEM OTAKSIS................................................................................................................................................................178
FAGOTSITOZ................................................................................................................................................................179
LEYKOTSITLARNING FAOLLASHUVI, O T ISH I VA TO'QIMALARNING
IKKILAM CHITARTIBDA ZARARLANISHI........................................................................................................181
SURUNKALI YALLIG'LANISH............................................................................................................................... 182
ETIOLOGIYASI VA PATOGENEZI......................................................................................................................... 182
O 'TKIR VA SURUNKALI YALLIG'LANISH MORFOLOGIYASI.....................................................................186
SEROZ YALLIG'LANISH............................................................................................................................................186
KATARAL YALUG‘LANISH ................................................................................................................................... 187
FIBRINOZYALLIG'LANISH............................................................................................................
188
YIRINGLI 
YALLIG'LANISH................................................................................................................................. 190
CHIRIK YALLIG'LANISH......................................................................................................................................... 193
GEMORRAGIK YALLIG'LANISH........................................................................................................................... 193
GISTIOTSITAR YALLIG'LANISH REAKSIYASI..................................................................................................194
INTERSTISIAL VA PERIVASKULAR YALLIG'LANISH 
........ 
194
GRANULYOMATOZ YALLIG'LANISH................................................................................................................ 195
YALLIG'LANISHNING AVJ OLIB BORISHIDA LIMFA SISTEMASI,
LIMFOID VA MONOSITAR-MAKROFAGAL SISTEM ALARNING ROLI....................................................198
O'TKIR VA SURUNKALI YALLIG‘LANISHLARNING KLINIK SIM PTOMLARI...................................... 199
V II BO B
IM M UNPATOLOGIK JARAYONLAR...............................................................................................................203
IM M U N SISTEM A.......................................................................................................................................................203
T-LIM FOTSITLAR.......................................................................................................................................................204
B-LIM FOSITLAR......................................................................................................................................................... 205
MAKROFAGLAR.........................................................................................................................................................205
TABIIY KILLER HUJAYRALAR..............................................................................................................................206
ANTIGEN YETKAZIB BERUVCHI HUJAYRALAR........................................................................................... 207
SITOKININLAR........................................................................................................................................................... 207
ASOSIY GISTOSIG'ISHUVCHANLIK KOM PLEKSIANTIGENLARJ..........................................................207
TO'QIM ALARNING TABIATAN IM M UNITETGA ALOQADOR ALTERATSIYASI..............................210
O'TA SEZUVCHANLIK REAKSIYASINING BIRINCHI TIPI...........................................................................211
O'TA SEZUVCHANLIK REAKSIYASINING IKKJN CHI TIPI..........................................................................214
O'TA SEZUVCHANLIK REAKSIYASINING UCH IN CH I TIPI....................................................................... 216
O'TA SEZUVCHANLIK REAKSIYASINING TO'RTINCHI TIPI.................................................................... 220
TRANSPLANTATNING KO'CHIB TUSHISHI....................................................................................................223
AUTOIM M UN KASALLIKLAR...............................................................................................................................227
SISTEM A QIZIL YUG1R1GI (VOLCHANKASI)................................................................................................... 230
REVMATOID ARTR1T.............................................................................................................................................. 238
SISTEM A SKLERODERMIYASI...............................................................................................................................242
TUGUNCHALIPERIARTER1IT...............................................................................................................................246
VEGENER GRANULYOMATOZI........................................................................................................................... 248
IM M M NITET TANQISLIGI HOLATLARI............................................................................................................249
BIRLAMCHI IM M UNITET TANQISLIGI HOLATLARI..................................................................................250
BRUTON KASALLIGI................................................................................................................................................ 250
D IJO R JI SINDROM I...................................................................................................................................................251
KOMBINATSIYALANGAN OG'IR IM M UNITET TANQISLIGI.................................................................... 251
SELEKTIV A IM M UNOGLOBULIN TANQISLIGI............................................................................................. 252
V ISKOTT — OLDRICH SINDROM I.....................................................................................................................252
IKKILAM CHI IM M UNITET TANQISLIGI HOLATLARI................................................................................253
TU RM USH DA ORTTIRILGAN IM M UNITET TANQISLIGI SINDROMI (TO ITS)..................................253
V III BOB
REGENERATS1YA..................................................................................................................................................... 260
FIZIOLOGIK REGENERATSIYA............................................................................................................................ 263

---

REPARATIV REGENERATSIYA...............................................................................................................................263
EPITELIY REGENERATSIYASI................................................................................................................................263
BIRTKTrRlTVCHI TO'QIMA REGENERATSIYASI..............................................................................................264
YUMSHOQ TO'QIMALAR REGENERATSIYASI................................................................................................265
SUYAK VA TOGAY TO'QIMALARI REGENERATSIYASI............................................................................... 268
QON VA TOMIRLAR REGENERATSIYASI..........................................................................................................271
REGENERATSIYA MEXANIZMI.............................................................................................................................271
REGENERATSIYAGA TA'SIR O TK A ZU V CH I OMILLAR............................................................................... 273
PATOLOGIK REGENERATSIYA..............................................................................................................................275
IX BOB
IN FEKSIO N KASALLIKLAR.................................................................................................................................. 276
ETIOLOGIYASI VA PATOGENEZI.........................................................................................................................285
VIRUSLAR QO'ZGATADIGAN KASALLIKLAR.................................................................................................285
O'TKIR RESPIRATOR VIRUSLI INFEKSIYALAR..............................................................................................285
GRIPP...............................................................................................................................................................................288
PARAGRIPP................................................................................................................................................................... 289
ADENOVIRUS INFEKSIYASI................................................................................................................................... 290
RESPIRATOR-SINSITIALINFEKSIYA....................................................................................................................291
SITOMEGALOVIRUSLIINFEKSIYA..................................................................................................................... 292
QIZAMIQ...................................................................................................................................................................... 284
BAKTERIYALAR QO ‘ZG‘ATADIGAN KASALLIKLAR
DIFTERIYA................................................................................................................................................................... 294
SKARLATINA............................................................................................................................................................... 299
QORIN TIFI.................................................................................................................................................................. 303
SALMONELLYOZ........................................................................................................................................................308
DIZENTERIYA............................................................................................................................................................. 310
0 ‘TA XAV FLI INFEKSIYALAR
VABO...............................................................................................................................................................................315
TO U N ..............................................................................................................................................................................318
KUYDIRGI.................................................................................................................................................................... 323
TUBERKULYOZ...........................................................................................................................................................327
BIRLAMCHI TUBERKULYOZ................................................................................................................................ 330
GEMATOGEN TUBERKULYOZ..............................................................................................................................334
IKKILAMCHI TUBERKULYOZ...............................................................................................................................337
ZAXM..............................................................................................................................................................................343
VISSERAL ZAXM........................................................................................................................................................346
TU G'M A ZAXM...........................................................................................................................................................347
PATOGEN ZAMBURUG'LAR QO'ZGATADIGAN KASALLIKLAR.............................................................349
DERMATOMIKOZLAR............................................................................................................................................. 349
VISSERAL MIKOZLAR............................................................................................................................................. 349
KANDIDOZ.................................................................................................................................................................. 349
AKTINOMIKOZ..........................................................................................................................................................351
M OG'OR MIKOZLARI.............................................................................................................................................. 352
KOKSIDIOIDOZ..........................................................................................................................................................353
SO DDA JON IVORLAR QO 'ZGATADIGAN KASALLIKLAR
BEZGAK.........................................................................................................................................................................354
ICHAK AMYOBIAZI.................................................................................................................................................. 357
LEYSHMANIOZ...........................................................................................................................................................360
TERI LEYSHMANIOZI.............................................................................................................................................. 361
VISSERAL LEYSHMANIOZ......................................................................................................................................362
SEPSIS............................................................................................................................................................................. 363
X B O B
IRSIY KASALLIKLAR.............................................................................................................................................. 370
POLIGEN KASALLIKLAR........................................................................................................................................ 373
MONOGEN KASALLIKLAR....................................................................................................................................373

---

PATOGENEZI............................................................................................................................................................... 375
AUTOSOM -DOM INANT TARZDA NASLGA O'TADIGAN KASALLIKLAR............................................ 377
MARFAN KASALLIGI................................................................................................................................................377
OILAVIY GIPERXOLESTERINEMIYA.................................................................................................................. 378
TARQOQ NEYROFtBROMATOZ (REKLINGXAUZEN KASALLIGI).......................................................... 379
AUTOSOM-RESESSIV TARZDA NASLGA O'TADIGAN KASALLIKLAR...................................................382
KISTOZ FIBROZ.......................................................................................................................................................... 382
FENILKETONURIYA..................................................................................................................................................384
GALAKTOZEMIYA.....................................................................................................................................................385
ALBIN IZM .................................................................................................................................................................... 386
VILSON KASALLIGI...................................................................................................................................................386
GLIKO GENOZLAR.....................................................................................................................................................388
TU RLI M ODDALAR TO'PLANIB QOLISHIGA ALOQADOR LIZOSOMA KASALLIKLARI............... 389
G O SH E KASALLIGI....................................................................................................................................................391
N IM A N N — PIKKASALLIGI..................................................................................................................................... 392
TEY — SAKS KASALLIGI.......................................................................................................................................... 393
M UKOPOLISAXARIDOZLAR.................................................................................................................................394
X - XRO M O SO M A BILAN TU TA SH G A N , R ESESSIV VA DOM INANT TARZDA
NASLGA O 'TU V C H I KASA LLIK LA R................................................................................................................... 396
HAR XIL TARZDA NASLGA O'TADIGAN IRSIY KASALLIKLAR............................................................... 396
XROMOSOM A KASALLIKLARI..............................................................................................................................397
DAUN KASALLIGI......................................................................................................................................................401
KLAYNFELTER SINDROMI..................................................................................................................................... 402
SHERESHEVSKIY - TERNER SINDROM I.........................................................................................................403
X I BO B
EKOLOGIK PATOLOGIYA....................................................................................................................................... 404
OZIQ LANISHNING BUZILISHI.............................................................................................................................404
OQ SIL YETISHMOVCHILIGI..................................................................................................................................405
KVASHIORKOR........................................................................................................................................................... 405
M ARAZM ...................................................................................................................................................................... 406
VITAM INLAR YETISHMOVCHILIGI VA ORTIQCHALIGI.......................................................................... 407
VITAM IN A ................................................................................................................................................................... 407
VITAM IN D (KALSIFEROL).................................................................................................................................... 409
VITAM IN E................................................................................................................................................................... 413
VITAMIN К................................................................................................................................................................... 414
BGURUHIVITAM INLARI........................................................................................................................................ 415
VITAM IN B,.................................................................................................................................................................. 415
VITAM IN B2.................................................................................................................................................................. 417
VITAMIN B6................................................................................................................................................................. 418
VITAMIN B3.................................................................................................................................................................. 418
VITAM IN B 12................................................................................................................................................................. 420
VITAM IN С ................................................................................................................................................................... 421
M IKROELEMENTOZLAR........................................................................................................................................ 422
KASBGA ALOQADOR KASALLIKLAR................................................................................................................424
SANOATDA UCHRAYDIGAN KIMYOVIY ZAHARLARDAN PAYDO BO'LADIGAN KASALLIKLAR. 
425
SANOATDA UCHRAYDIGAN CH AN GLARDAN PAYDO BO 'LADIGAN KASALLIKLAR
PNEVMOKONIOZLAR............................................................................................................................................. 425
ANTRAKOZ..................................................................................................................................................................426
SILIKOZ......................................................................................................................................................................... 428
SILIKATOZLAR...........................................................................................................................................................429
BERILLIOZ.................................................................................................................................................................... 431
FIZIK OMILLAR TA'SIRIGA ALOQADOR KASB KASALLIKLARI..............................................................431
VIBRATSION KASALLIK..........................................................................................................................................432
KESSON KASALLIGI................................................................................................................................................. 433

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KORXONALARDAGISHOVQINTA’SIRTOANPAYDOBO'LADIGANKASALLIKLAR...........................433
ELEKTROMAGNIT TO'LQINLARI TA’SIRIGA ALOQADOR KASALLIKLAR......................................... 434
IONLASHT1RUVCHINURLAR TA’SIRI OSTIDA KELIB CHIQADIGAN KASALLIKLAR................... 434
X II BO B
O 'SM ALAR................................................................................................................................................................... 439
NEOPLAZIYA VA O'SMA OLDIJARAYONLARI................................................................................................440
ETIOLOGIYASI VA PATOGENEZI.........................................................................................................................441
KANSEROGENEZNING MOLEKULYAR ASOSLARI....................................................................................... 442
KIMYOVIY KANSEROGENEZ................................................................................................................................ 442
RADIATSION KANSEROGENEZ............................................................................................................................445
VIRUSLI KANSEROGENEZ..................................................................................................................................... 446
0 ‘SMALARNING TUZILISHI.................................................................................................................................. 448
XAVFLI VA XAVFSIZ 0 ‘SMALARNING XUSUSIYATLARI............................................................................ 452
O'SMALAR O'SISHINING TEZLIGI VA O'SMALAR PROGRESSIYASI....................................................... 454
O'SMANING EKSPANSIV VA INFILTRLANIB O’SISHI.................................................................................... 455
O'SM ANING INVAZIVLIGI..................................................................................................................................... 456
METASTAZLANISHI..................................................................................................................................................458
O’SMA HUJAYLARINING BIOLOGIK XOSSALARI........................................................................................ 462
O'SMALARNING ORGANIZMGA KO'RSATADIGAN TA’SIRI......................................................................467
O'SMALARNING TASNIFI....................................................................................................................................... 468
MEZENXIM AL MANBALARDAN KELIB CHIQADIGAN O'SMALAR....................................................... 468
BIRIKTIRUVCHI, YOG' VA SHILIMSHIQ HOSIL QILUVCHI TO'QIMALARDAN KELIB
CHIQADIGAN O'SMALAR.................................................................................................................................... 468
MUSKUL TO'QIMASIDAN KELIB CHIQADIGAN O'SMALAR.....................................................................472
TOG'AY HOSIL QILUVCHI O'SMALAR............................................................................................................... 474
OSTEOXONDROMA..................................................................................................................................................474
ENXONDROMA..........................................................................................................................................................474
XONDROSARKOMA.................................................................................................................................................475
KO'M IK 0*SM A LA RI
YUING SARKOMASI..................................................................................................................................................475
TOMIR O'SMALARI...................................................................................................................................................476
ANGIOMALAR............................................................................................................................................................476
GLOMUS-ANGIOM A.................................................................................................................................................478
KAPOSHI SARKOMASI............................................................................................................................................ 478
TELEANGIOEKTAZIYALAR................................................................................................................................... 480
UCHRAYDIGAN IOYITAYINLIMAS EPITELIAL O'SMALAR.......................................................................480
M ELAN IN HOSIL QILUVCHI TO'QIM ADAN PAYDO BO'LADIGAN O'SMALAR................................ 484
PIGM ENTLINEVUSLAR.......................................................................................................................................... 484
XAVFLI LENTIGO.......................................................................................................................................................486
MELANOMA................................................................................................................................................................487
X III BO B
GO'DAKLAR VA BOLA LA R KASALL1KLARI..................................................................................................489
TUG'RUQ DAVRITRAVMA (JAROHAT) LARI............................................................................ - ...................491
NAFAS OLISHNINGBUZILISHISINDROM I.......................................................................................................491
PERINATAL INFEKSIYALAR................................................................................................................................. 492
PERINATAL SEPSIS.....................................................................................................................................................493
HOM ILA VA CHAQALOQLARDA UCHRAYDIGAN GEMOLITIK