M inistry o f Higher and Secondary Specialized Education o f the Republic o f Uzbekistan

Zamira: 
Do you listen to English every day? 
Matluba: 
Not re a lly ...
Zamira: 
You live with friends from your own country, 
don’t you?
Matluba: 
Yes well...
Zamira: 
You really ought to be in contact with 
English-speaking people every day, i f you want to 
improve fast.
Matluba: I 
know. Maybe that’s why I found the 
Speaking Test difficult as well.
Zamira: 
W hat did they ask you?
Matluba: 
Oh, many things. It all happened so fast 
I can’t remember. Something about public transport 
and Zam ira : Did you have to do a role-play? 
Matluba: 
W hat’s that?
Zamira: 
Pretending you’re in a situation, and then you 
have to ask questions to find out some information. 
Matluba: 
Oh, yes. That’s right. I was at an airport 
or something. Anyway, I had this speech prepared 
about the weather in my city and my hobbies, and she 
never asked me about it. I tried to start talking about it 
but I didn’t get the chance. The examiner didn’t seem 
interested.
Zamira: 
It’s meant to be a natural conversation, 
Matluba . So what was your overall score?
Matluba: 
Oh, I can’t tell you. I am too embarrassed. 
Zamira: 
Are you going to sit for the test again? 
Matluba: 
I have to wait twelve weeks. But, yeah. 
Zamira: 
You’d better enroll in a practice course soon. 
In three months you should be able to increase your 
overall Band Score by about one band.
Matluba: I 
certainly hope so.
UNIT 2 MOTIVATION AND
INSPIRATION
Motivation and Inspiration
Host: Good morning, dear listeners! Today in 
our radio programme we are going to speak about 
motivation and its types. To have a clear idea about 
what motivation is and find out something more of
6 4 | Scale Up

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I its types we have invited a psychologist M rs. D ilbar 
ISaidova to our talk show. So, let’s start then. Dilbar, 
l first of all, can you explain u s w hat motivation is?
Psychologist: Good morning. M otivation is usually 
[described differently by various specialists, but they 
come to nearly the sam e conclusion about its being 
really positive, driver and pusher. It is a pow er or that 
is better to say a force w hich com pels us to action, to 
move. It assists us to fulfill set tasks, leads to success 
not only in personal life but to career development 
as well. It influences our behavior, usually changes 
people into a positive attitude tow ards life.
Host: C an you tell us about types o f motivation?
Psychologist: Sure. T here are a num ber of 
motivation types. N ot each o f them m ay fit one, a 
, person should analyze and select a motivation type 
I which can really suit him , assist in developing. Now 
let me count all types o f it then. The first type o f 
motivation is incentive, a form o f motivation that 
involves rewards, both m onetary and nonmonetary. 
Bonuses and prom otions are good exam ples o f the 
type o f incentives that are used for motivation. The 
second is fear m otivation that involves consequences. 
This type o f m otivation is often one that is utilized 
when incentive m otivation fails. In a business style 
of motivation often referred to as the, “carrot and 
stick,” incentive is the carrot and fear is the stick. 
Punishment or negative consequences are a form o f 
fear motivation. N ext one is achievem ent m otivation 
that also com m only referred to as the drive for 
competency. We are driven to achieve goals and 
tackle new challenges. We desire to improve skills 
and prove our com petency both to others and to 
ourselves. Generally, this feeling o f accom plishm ent 
and achievement is intrinsic in nature. However, in 
certain circum stances be motivation for achievement 
may involve external recognition. We often have 
a desire or need to receive positive feedback from 
both our peers and our superiors. This m ay include 
anything from an award to a simple pat on the 
back for a job well done. G row th m otivation is the 
following: the need for self-im provement is truly an 
internal motivation. A burning desire to increase our 
knowledge o f ourselves and o f the outside world can 
be a very strong form o f motivation. M otivation for 
growth can also be seen in our yearning for change. 
Many o f us are w ired by our personality or upbringing 
to constantly seek a change in either our external or 
internal environm ent or knowledge. The m otivation
o f pow er can either take the form o f a desire for 
autonom y or other desire to control others around us. 
We w ant to have choices and control over our own 
lives. We strive for the ability to direct the m anner in 
w hich we live now and the way our lives w ill unfold 
in the future. We also often aspire to control others 
around us. The desire for control is stronger in some 
people than others. In som e cases, the craving for 
pow er induces people to harm ful, imm oral, o r illegal 
behavior. The last type o f m otivation is called social 
one. M any people are motivated by social factors. 
T his m ay be a desire to belong and to be accepted 
by a specific peer group or a desire to relate to the 
people in our sphere or in the larger world. We have 
an innate need to feel a connection w ith others. We 
also have the need for acceptance and affiliation. A 
genuine and passionate desire to contribute and to 
m ake a difference in the lives o f others can be another 
form o f social motivation. N one o f these styles of 
motivation is inherently good or bad, the positive or 
negative outcom e is truly determ ined by the way they 
are used.........(cut here)