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10.6 Summary


In summary, this report finds that:

  • Efforts by farmers, graziers and governments since the 1970s have achieved many improvements in soil condition.

  • Not only farmers, but all people stand to receive major financial and social gains from better management of soils.

  • There is a great potential to achieve further benefits from improving soil condition and the quality of ecosystem services.

  • Each of the four main indicators of soil condition—soil acidity, soil carbon, wind erosion and water erosion—can be improved by wider adoption of best-practice soil management.

  • Appropriate practices do exist, and the benefits of greater adoption are significant to those involved in agriculture and to the wider public.


References


Aarons S. R., Melland A. R. & Gourley C. J. P. (2004) Nutrient distribution within a dairy farm. In: SuperSoil 2004. 3rd Australian New Zealand Soils Conference, University of Sydney, Australia. p. Published on CDROM. Abel N., Cork S., Gorddard R., Langridge J., Langston A., Plant R., Proctor W., Ryan P., Shelton D., Walker B. & Yialeloglou M. (2003) Natural Values: Exploring Options For Enhancing Ecosystem Services In The Goulburn Broken Catchment. CSIRO, Canberra.

ABS. (2011a) Gross value of irrigated agricultural production, 2000-01 to 2009-10 (4610.0.55.008). Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra, [Accessed June 2, 2012].

ABS. (2011b) Value of agricultural commodities produced, Australia, 2009-10 (7503.0). Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra, [Accessed June 2, 2012].

Agtrans Research. (2007) An Economic Analysis of the GRDC Investment in Precision Agriculture Variable Rate Technology ( VRT ). Grains Research and Development Corporation, Canberra.

Aitken R. L., Moody P. W. & McKinley P. G. (1990) Lime requirement of acidic Queensland soils 1. Relationships between soil properties and pH buffer capacity. Australian Journal of Soil Research 28, 695-701.

Andrew M. H. (1988) Grazing impact in relation to livestock watering points. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 3, 336-9.

Apitz S. E. (2012) Conceptualizing the role of sediment in sustaining ecosystem services: Sediment-ecosystem regional assessment (SEcoRA). The Science of the total environment 415, 9-30.

Ash A., Corfield J. & Ksiksi T. (2002) The Ecograze Project : Developing Guidelines To Better Manage Grazing Country. Meat & Livestock Australia and the Queensland Government.

Ashwood A., Kerr D. & Chataway R. (1993) Northern dairy feedbase 2001. 5. Integrated dairy farming systems for northern Australia. Tropical Grasslands 27, 212-28.

Australian Government. (2012) Rangelands Overview - Australia. Australian Natural Resources Atlas. [Accessed June 2, 2012].

Australian State of the Environment Committee. (2011) Land. In: State of the Environment 2011 (SoE 2011) pp. 260-9. Australian Government, Canberra.

AusVeg. (2010) EnviroVeg. AusVeg, Camberwell, Victoria, [Accessed 12 July, 2012].

Baldock J., Grundy M., Wilson P., Jacquier D., Griffin T., Chapman G., Hall J., Maschmet D., Crawford D., Hill J. & Kidd D. (2009) Identification of Areas Within Australia with the Potential to Enhance Soil Carbon Content. CSIRO, Canberra.

Baldock J. & Skjemstad J. (1999) Soil organic carbon/soil organic matter. In: Soil Analysis: An Interpretation Manual (eds K. Peverill, L. Sparrow and D. Reuter) pp. 159-70. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood.

Balmford A., Bruner A., Cooper P., Costanza R., Farber S., Green R., Jenkins M., Jefferiss P., Jessamay V., Madden J., Munro K., Myers N., Naeem S., Paavola J., Rayment M., S Rosendo, Roughgarden J., Trumper K. & Turner R. K. (2002) Economic reasons for conserving wild nature. Science 297, 950-3.

Bardgett R. D., Anderson J. M. & Behan-Pelletier V. (2001) The influence of soil biodiversity on hydrological pathways and the transfer of materials between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Ecosystems 5, 421-9.

Barlow K., Nash D. & Hannah M. (2007) The effect of fertiliser and grazing on nitrogen export in surface runoff from rain-fed and irrigated pastures in south-eastern Australia. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 77, 69-82.

Barr N. F. & Cary J. W. (1992) Greening a Brown Land. Macmillan Education Australia, South Melbourne.

Barrios E. (2007) Soil biota, ecosystem services and land productivity. Ecological Economics 64, 269-85.

Barson M. & Lesslie R. (2004) Land management practices – why they are important and how we know this. In: Land Management Practices Information Priorities, Classification and Mapping – Towards an Agreed National Approach, Kanberra Winery, Canberra. Unpublished.

Barson M., Mewett J. & Paplinska J. (2011) Land management practice trends in Australia’s grazing (beef cattle/sheep) industries. Caring for our Country Sustainable Practices Fact Sheet 2. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra. .

Barson M., Mewett J. & Paplinska J. (2012a) Land management practice trends in Australia’s dairy industry. Caring for our Country Sustainable Practices Fact Sheet 1. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra. .

Barson M., Mewett J. & Paplinska J. (2012b) Land management practice trends in Australia's broadacre cropping industries. Caring for our Country Sustainable Practices Fact Sheet 3. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra.


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