Physics is Fun Memoires of Richard Wilson Version of September 25th 2009

Pietr and Anna Kapitza
I first heard about Pietr in summer 1950 when I was leaving UK for my visit in the USA. He was then President of the Soviet Academy of Sciences and they had invited many western scientists to a conference in Moscow. I read a little about his history, and learned a lot more later. His father was commander of the Kronstadt fortress in the bay outside Leningrad. In 1919 Pietr’s young wife and 2 children died in the influenza epidemic. His mentor, the scientist Joffe, suggested a change in scene and suggested a visit to Lord Rutherford’s laboratory in Cambridge, UK. While there he made many friends, including with Paul Dirac, (from whom much of this information came, verified by Pietr’s son Sergei). Pietr invented an effective helium liquefier which was the basis for his Nobel Prize in physics. The Royal Society of London gave funds for the Royal Society Mond Laboratory of which he became director.
In 1925 or so he married his wife Anna, daughter of the Soviet Ambassador to France - a mathematician - and they bought a house on the Maddingly Road in Cambridge and had two children, Sergei Petrovich and Andrei. In 1934 he visited Russia for a vacation. But he was not allowed to return. He made a telephone call to his wife - who was at a dinner party with the applied mathematician Goldstein who later came to Harvard. “There is a war coming. Russia will need all the scientists it can get. I have been told that I have to stay. I would like you to come and bring the children.” Anna did, and the Royal Society sent his equipment for making high magnetic fields. He was given a laboratory, the Laboratory for Physical Problems, in an old estate with a house on the grounds. There was a wall all around the estate and a sentry box at each corner. Although a prisoner in many ways he got the New York Times every day (3 days late) and could get the best seats at any theatre performance - but accompanied by appropriate guards.
As I understand it, by 1950 Pietr was President of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. A number of scientists from England and Europe were invited to a conference. None of those involved in the Atomic Bomb project were allowed to go. Also a few others, including Professor E.A. Milne, who told me all about it one time when I was friendly with his daughter Eleanor, were stopped as they left UK. This was presumably a clumsy effort to confuse the Russians but as we now know, the Russians had their reliable sources. Then in1951 or so Pietr was dismissed from his post. I don’t know the exact reasons but it seems he was unwilling to work on the hydrogen bomb although he had worked on the first Russian atomic bomb. He was officially accused of “Hooliganism”. He went into exile in his dacha at Nikolina Gora. There he build a laboratory (now a museum) doing simple experiments on ball lightening and on microwaves.
But even in exile, Stalin would listen to Kapitza. After Stalin died there was a struggle for power that we did not hear about in the west. In one letter Pietr warned Stalin about Beria. At first Beria took power. But soon there was a revolution against him. This happened on a Saturday morning and tanks entered Moscow down Leningradski Prospekt to take over. About 11.15 a man in a suit came to Kapitza’s dacha and asked to see his laboratory. Courteously, Pietr showed off his laboratory to this man who did not seem to understand. At 11.45 the phone rang. It was for the visitor. After a short conversation the visitor thanked Pietr and took his leave. It transpired that he was an Air Force general sent to protect Kapitza. At 11.45 the revolution was successful. A detailed report of this was given by Dirac at a meeting in Erice in 1983, entitled “My 60 year friendship with Kapitza”. Kapitza returned from exile and was again head of the Institute for Physical Problems.
When Andrée and I visited Pietr and Anna in May 1978, Andrée asked what Anna liked most about England. Picking bluebells in the woods in the spring time was Anna’s prompt reply. One college of Cambridge University bought the house, Kapitza house, on Maddingly Road, Cambridge, which Anna and Pietr owned in 1928. They made it into a set of apartments for visitors. One of the first visitors was her son Sergei Kapitza. I called Anna on the morning of her 90th birthday, in 1995 I believe. I was only able to locate her daughter-in–law Tanya. I was told: “She is off in Cambridge with Sergei”. I just had time to act. I called the FTD florist and asked for a big bunch of bluebells to be delivered to the Kapitza house. They arrived 5 minutes after Anna had come from Heathrow airport! Anna of course was thrilled. Not often does diplomacy have such success.
Pietr Kapitza, being older, had different views that Andrei Sakharov on how to cope with the system Pietr had worked with the system all his life, and been at the edges of it for some of the time. In 1970? when Andrei Sakharov made his public intervention on behalf of the biologist Zhores Medvedev who was in a “mental home”, Pietr while agreeing with Andrei that Zhores was unjustly accused, would have behaved differently. He worked within the system. Anna, used her political influence through her husband in what I call a Victorian manner. In this she was very different from Elena Bonner. For this reason I was careful in the 1980s to keep my visits separate. But in 1987, when I was at the conference on a nuclear free world, I called on Anna who by that time was a widow. She said that she hoped I would see Sakharov before I left. I replied that I was going immediately to see Sakharov when I left. “Good,” she replied. “He taught us that sometimes one must just stand up and say NO!” At that meeting with Anna I mentioned that I had been to Pakistan briefly and saw the refugee camps. She was not surprised; it confirmed her view. She wanted the Soviet army out of Afghanistan. I mentioned my conversation with the rug dealer from Mazur-I-Sharif, and his concern that the Communist government was trying to educate women. “It does not matter. That is their decision. We can’t force it on them.”
I last saw Anna on her 95th birthday in her Moscow apartment with her children and grandchildren. I understand that she slipped on a rug in the apartment a few weeks later and died in hospital.
Fadhel and Sarah Jamali
I first heard, or rather read, of Fadhel Jamali in April 1945. He was in San Francisco, to discuss and sign the UN charter. I suspect that it was because of Fadhel that many of the protections for small countries were added to the charter.
At the weekend the participants all went to Camp Curry at Yosemite valley to continue their work. There was a cafeteria which, in accordance with the usual US style closed early. Let us say at 6 pm. At 6.30 pm Fadhel showed up with his small staff. The cafeteria was closed. So he went to the director of Camp Curry. He introduced himself. “What can I do for you?” “In my country when a visitor arrives on the doorstep I would kill either a sheep or a camel. All I am asking you to do is to open the cafeteria”. This they did and the French arrived at 7.30 and could eat too and the Dutch at 8 pm. It was in the world newspapers within a day. I remembered this again on January 6th 1952 - the day after Andree and I were married and we began our brief honeymoon at Camp Curry in Yosemite Valley. But then I forgot about Fadhel till I met his son Usameh at the “Economics of Energy” seminar that I offered with AJ Meyer in 1975 and met Usameh again in Kuwait when I first visited. Then, on a visit to Tunis in 1983 I called on Fadhel.

.

On July 14th 1958 there was a revolution in Iraq. Most of the members of the Government including King Faisal were killed. (I first heard that had their throats cut). Fadhel was not at first to be found. But his friends in the UN, assuming that he was dead, organized a memorial service for him. He was the only friend of mine who ever survived his memorial service. Amusingly, Fadhel commented that Andrei Gromyko, Ambassador of the USSR to USA, did not turn up. Did he know something?

I had met his son Usameh (and since 9/11 I say the good Usameh) in Kuwait, when I was invited in 1978 to visit Kuwait Institute of Scientific Research. Usameh told me that his father and mother were living near Tunis (actually in Bizerte). In 1983 I was invited to the 25th anniversary of the University of Tunis, which was started by the French just before they left. There were a dozen foreign guests. There were six Frenchmen, 5 Arabs and myself. Andrée and I both went and we were treated very well. We decided to call on Sarah and Fadhel. Not knowing where they lived we got in a taxi and the driver knew all about them and found out for us.
In 1988 I decided to reinstitute the seminar series A.J. Meyer and I had taught from 1973 to 1978 and he had continued till his death. I called it “The Middle East Development Seminar” and I invited my friends in the middle east to some and tell us their dreams and how we at Harvard could help them. In 1989 it was my privilege to invite Fadhel Jamali to spend a week at Harvard University to lecture and discuss whatever he chose.
Fadhel gave me a typescript of these memoirs which I passed to Widener Library. It was hoped that the typescript would be edited and published to inform the Western World that there was a time when Iraq had tasted and struggled for freedom not only for themselves but also for other Arabs, and by extension for all peoples. Alas, funding for the editing and publication was not forthcoming at that time. In 2006 I decided to arrange for the scanning and placing on the World Wide Web this very important document. At the moment it is in Hypertext Markup Language (html) for convenience in accessing a particular section. I was assisted in this by four young visiting Iraqi scientists who do this in memory of a great Iraqi and a great human being. I note that Fadhel's American wife (Sarah) was a great lady herself. Her humanitarian work on behalf of children firstly in Iraq, and later in Tunis, won the admiration of all who knew her. What other American has been pictured on the front page of a non-American (Tunisian) magazine at age 90, and called the woman of the year? She fully supported Fadhel in his work, and remained in Baghdad when he was in jail during 1958-1961 at great risk to herself. For 17 years both Andrée and I had the privilege of calling Fadhel and Sarah our friends. It is for their memory, which I cherish, that I undertook the task of scanning and organizing his memoirs.
Conclusion.
All lives come to an end, and memoires must come to an end a little sooner. There is always a purpose to one’s writing. In this case, a combination of nostalgia, vanity and a hope to be of interest to my children and grandchildren. As I get old I have less ability in almost everything. Less ability to perform constructive scientific work, less physical strength and lung function to hike and climb in the mountains. But I take pleasure in remembering the happy moments and successes of the past. Even if these memoires go into the waste basket, my time will not have been wasted.
PUBLICATION LIST

This list is loaded onto the world wide web at http://phys4.harvard.edu/%7Ewilson/publications/published_papers.html

from which site many may be downloaded.
1."Photodisintegration of the deuteron," R. Wilson, C.H. Collie and H. Halban, Nature (letter) 162, 185 (1948).
1a. "Random selectors for ESP experiments," Richard Wilson, Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research 48, 213 (1947).
2." Cross section for the disintegration of the deuteron by 2.76 MeV gamma-rays," R. Wilson, C.H. Collie and H. Halban, Nature (letter) 163, 245 (1949).
3. "The decay constant of radio-sodium, 24Na," R. Wilson and G.R. Bishop, Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond. 62A, 457 (1949).
4. "A lower limit for the finding energy of the deuteron," G.R. Bishop, C.H. Collie, H. Halban and R. Wilson, Phys. Rev. (letter) 76, 638 (1949).
5. "A simple pressure and vacuum tap," H. Halban and R. Wilson, J.Sci. Instr. 26, 1948 (1949).
6. "Measurement of some weak gamma-ray intensities," G.R. Bishop, R. Wilson and H. Halban, Phys. Rev. (letter) 77, 416 (1950).
7. "Cross-over transitions in Ir194, Ag110, Cs 134," Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. (letter) 79, 1004 (1950).
8 "Neutron capture -rays from Cd, Cl and C," Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. (letter) 80, 211 (1950).
9. "The cross section for photodisintegration of the deuteron at low energies," G.R. Bishop, C.H. Collie, H. Halban, A. Hedgran, K. Siegbahn, S. DuToit and R. Wilson, Phys. Rev. 80, 211 (1950).
10. "Noise in ionization chamber pulse amplifiers," R. Wilson, Phil. Mag. 41, 66 (1950).
11. "Photoelectric dissociation of the deuteron," C.H. Collie, H. Halban and R. Wilson, Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond. 63A, 994 (1950).
12. "High pressure ionization chambers used in Oxford ,"L. Beghian, C.H. Collie, H. Halban and R. Wilson, Helv. Phys. Acta 23 ,82 (1950).
13. "Internal pair creation in magnesium-24," W. Mims, H. Halban and R. Wilson, Nature (letter) 166, 1027 (1950).
14. "High pressure ionization chamber counters and their use," R. WILSON, L. Beghian, C.H. Collie, H. Halban and G.R. Bishop, Rev. Sci. Instr. 21, 699 (1950).
14a. "Discussion on `An electronic random selector,'" R. Wilson, Brit.I.R.E. 3A (1950).
15. "The angular distribution of the neutrons produced in the photo-disintegration of the deuteron by the 2.51 MeV gamma-rays of Ga72," G.R. Bishop, H. Halban, P.F.D. Shaw and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 81, 219 (1951).
16. "A search for charge-exchange scattering of p+ mesons," Richard Wilson and John P. Perry, Phys. Rev. (letter) 84, 163 (1951).
17. "Cross section for the reaction of pi+ + d to p + p and the spin of the pi +meson," D.L. Clark, A. Roberts and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. (letter) 83,549 (1951).
18. "Disintegration of the deuteron by pi+ mesons," Donald L. Clark, Arthur Roberts and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 85, 523 (1952).
19. "Proton Bremsstrahlung at 140 MeV," Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev.85 , 563 (1952).
20. "The fundamental limit of sensitivity of photometers," Richard Wilson, Rev. Sci. Instr. 23, 217 (1952).
21. "Single channel pulse amplitude analyzer for measurement of coincident pulses," R. Wilson, J.Sci. Instr. 29, 70 (1952).
22. "A formula for thick target bremsstrahlung," R. Wilson, Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond. 66A, 638 (1953).
23. "Analysis of photonuclear reactions," Richard Wilson, Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond. 66A, 645 (1953).
24. "Constancy of photomultiplier gain," R. Wilson, J. Sci. Instr.30 , 472 (1953).
25. "Electrodisintegration of Cu63, Zn64, Ag 109, and Ta181," Karl L. Brown and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 93, 443 (1954).
26. "Neutron-proton scattering at small angles," J.J. Thresher, R.G.P.Voss and R. Wilson, Proc. Roy. Soc. 229A, 492 (1955).
27. "Special methods for gamma ray spectroscopy," G.R. Bishop and R. Wilson, contribution to a book on beta and gamma ray spectroscopy, Kai Siegbahn (ed.), North Holland Publishing Company, 1955.
28. "Internal pair formation," Richard Wilson, contribution to a book on beta and gamma ray spectroscopy, Kai Siegbahn (ed.), North Holland Publishing Company, 1955.
29. "Fatigue of photomultipliers under pulsed operation," R. WILSON, J. Sci. Instr. 32, 152 (1955).
30. "Large scintillators as threshold detectors for high energy processes," J.J. Thresher, C.P. van Zyl, R.G.P. Voss and R. Wilson, Rev.Sci. Instr. 26, 1186 (1955).
31 "Polarization in nucleon scattering at various energies," Richard Wilson, Phil. Mag. 46, 769 (1955).
32 "The scattering of high energy neutrons by a Coulomb field," R.G.P.Voss and R. Wilson, Phil. Mag. 50, 175 (1956).
33. "Neutron and proton distributions in heavy nuclei," R.G.P.Voss and R. Wilson, Phys. Rev. 99, 1056 (1955).
34. "Neutron inelastic cross sections between 55 and 140 MeV," R.G.P. Voss and R. Wilson, Proc. Roy. Soc. 236A, 41 (1956).
35 "The analysis of high energy neutron cross sections," R.G.P.Voss and R. Wilson, Proc. Roy. Soc. 236A, 52 (1956).
36. "The elastic scattering of 136 MeV neutrons by nuclei," C.P. van Zyl, R.G.P. Voss and R. Wilson, Phil. Mag. 47, 1003 (1956).
37. "The nuclear radius and potential from neutron diffraction scattering," R. Wilson, Phil. Mag. 47, 1013 (1956).
38. "The absorption of high-energy photons in matter," J. Moffatt, J.J. Thresher, G.C. Weeks and R. Wilson, Proc. Roy. Soc., 244A, 245 (1958).
39. "Fine structure in the nuclear photo effect," Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 104, 1424 (1956).
40. "Proton-proton scattering at energies from 46 to 147 MeV," J.N. Palmieri, A.M. Cormack, N.F. Ramsey and Richard Wilson, Annals of Physics, 5, 299 (1958).
41. Search for resonance structure of neutron cross sections at 100 MeV," S.G. Carpenter and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 114, 510(1959).
42. "p-n asymmetries at 143 MeV," S.G. Carpenter and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 113, 650 (1959).
43. "Nuclear parameters in the scattering of nucleons by carbon," Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 114, 260 (1959).
44. "Elastic scattering and polarization of protons by helium at 147 and 66 MeV," A.M. Cormack, J.N. Palmieri, N.F. Ramsey and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 115, 59 (1959).
45. "p-p triple scattering at 143 MeV," C.F. Hwang, T.R. Ophel, E.H. Thorndike, Richard Wilson and N.F. Ramsey, Phys. Rev. Letts. 2, 514 (1959).
46. "Some features of regenerative deflection and their application to the Harvard synchrocyclotron," G. Calame, P.F. Cooper, Jr., S. Engelsberg, G.L. Gerstein, A.M. Koehler, A. Kuckes, J.W. Meadows, K. Strauch and R. Wilson, Nucl. Instr. 1, 169 (1957).
47. "Experimental status of the nucleon-nucleon interaction," R. WILSON, report to the London conference on nuclear forces and the few nucleon problem. Published in Nuclear Forces and the Few Nucleon Problem, Pergamon Press, 1960; Vol. I, pp. 47-64.
48. "The nuclear photo effect," G.R. Bishop and R. Wilson, in Handbook of Physics XLI, Springer Verlag, 1958.
49. "Depolarization and time reversal in p-p scattering at 142 MeV," C.F. Hwang, T.R. Ophel, E.H. Thorndike and Richard Wilson, Phys.Rev.119 , 352 (1960).
50. "Nuclear radii from neutron scattering," Richard Wilson, Nucl. Phys. 6, 318 (1960).
51. "Small-angle proton scattering at 3 BeV," W.M. Preston, Richard Wilson and J.C. Street, Phys. Rev. 118, 579 (1960).
52. "Cross section and asymmetry in the deuteron pickup reaction C 12(p,d)C11 at 145 MeV," P.F. Cooper, Jr. and Richard Wilson, Nucl. Phys. 15, 373 (1960).
53. "Measurement of the rotation parameter R in proton-proton scattering at 140 MeV," E.H. Thorndike, J. LeFrancois and Richard Wilson,Phys. Rev. 120, 1819 (1960).
54. "Elastic scattering of 146 MeV polarized protons by deuterons, H. Postma and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 121, 1229 (1961).
55. "Asymmetry in 143 MeV pn scattering," A.F. Kuckes and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 121, 1226 (1961).
56. "Ionization counters," Chapter 6 of Techniques of High Energy Physics, D.M. Ritson (ed.), Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1961, pp.271-299. &127;
57. "On the deuteron as a free nucleon target at 145 MeV," A.F.Kuckes, P.F. Cooper, Jr., and Richard Wilson, Annals of Physics 15, 193 (1961).
58. "Elastic (p,a ) and (p,d) scattering at 147 and 66 MeV," A.M. Cormack, J.N. Palmieri, H. Postma, N.F. Ramsey and Richard Wilson, in Nuclear Forces and the Few Nucleon Problem, Pergamon Press, 1960, pp. 259-268.
59. "Diffusion elastique des nucleons par des noyaux legers (D, He, C) comparison avec le diffusion nucleon-nucleon," Richard Wilson, J. Physique 22, 610 (1961).
60. "Electron-proton scattering at low momentum transfers," P.Lehmann, R. Taylor and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 126, 1183 (1962).
61. "Alternate nucleon form factors," L.N. Hand, D.G. Miller and R. Wilson, Phys. Rev. Letts. 8, 504 (1962).
62. "n-p tripper scattering parameters R and A," R.A. Hoffman, J.Lefrancois, E.H. Thorndike and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 125, 973(1962).
63. "Slightly inelastic proton-deuteron scattering," D.G. Stairs, Richard Wilson and P.F. Cooper, Jr., Phys. Rev. 129, 1672 (1963).
64. "Electron-proton elastic scattering at 1 and 4 BeV," J.R.Dunning, Jr., K.W. Chen, N.F. Ramsey, J.R. Rees, W. Shlaer, J.K. Walker and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. Letts. 10, 500 (1963).
65. "Electron-proton scattering at 1 and 4 BeV," A.A. Cone, K.W.Chen, J. Dunning, N.F. Ramsey, J. Rees, W. Shlaer, J.K. Walker and Richard Wilson, presented at the Stanford Conference on Nucleon Structure, 1963.
66. omitted
67. "Measurement of the triple scattering parameter R' in proton-proton scattering at 137 ½ MeV," Stanley Hee and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 132, 2236 (1963).
68. Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering: Experimental Aspects, Richard Wilson, John Wiley and Sons, New York , 1963.
69. "Proton-deuteron elastic triple scattering at 140 MeV," R.A.Hoffman, J. Lefrancois, E.H. Thorndike and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 131,1671 (1963).
70. "Electron-proton scattering at high momentum transfers," K.W.Chen, A.A. Cone, J.R. Dunning, Jr., S.F.G. Frank, N.F. Ramsey, J.K. Walker and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. Letts. 11, 561 (1963).
71. "Electric and magnetic form factors of the nucleon," L.N.Hand, D.G. Miller and Richard Wilson, Rev. Mod. Phys. 35, 335 (1963).
72. "Quasi free proton-neutron and proton-proton scattering at 140 MeV," J. Lefrancois, R.A. Hoffman, E.H. Thorndike and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 131, 1660 (1963). &127;
73. "Electron-proton scattering at large momentum transfer," K.W.Chen, A.A. Cone, J.R. Dunning, N.F. Ramsey, J.K. Walker and Richard Wilson, in Nucleon Structure, Hofstadter and Schiff (eds.), Stanford University Press,1964, pp. 55-60.
74. "Electromagnetic structure of the neutron and proton," J.R.Dunning, Jr., K.W. Chen, A.A. Cone, G. Hartwig, N.F. Ramsey, J.K. Walker and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. Letts. 13, 631 (1964).
75. "Electroproduction of protons at 1 and 4 BeV, K.W. Chen, J.R.Dunning, Jr., J.K. Rees, W. Shlaer, J.K. Walker and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 135B, 1030 (1964).
76. "Problemes a petit nombre de nucleons," Richard Wilson, in Comptes Rendus du Congress International de Physique Nucleaire, P. Gugenburger (ed.), Paris, 1964, pp. 87-97.
77. "A liquid-hydrogen target for internal-beam electron scattering," L. Hand, J. Rees, W. Shlaer, J.K. Walker and Richard Wilson, in Nucleon Structure, Hofstadter and Schiff (eds.), Stanford University Press,1964, pp. 364-366.
78. "Internal pair formation," in Alpha -, Beta- and Gamma - Spectroscopy, Kai Siegban (ed.), North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1965, pp.1557-1568.
79. "Baryon spectroscopy by inelastic electron-proton scattering,"A.A. Cone, K.W. Chen, J.R. Dunning, Jr., C. Hartwig, N.F. Ramsey, J.K. Walker and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. Letts. 14, 326 (1965).
80. "The energy and momentum dependence of NP charge exchange scattering," Richard Wilson, Annals of Physics 32, 193 (1965).
81. "Review of nucleon form factors," in Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1965, Vol. 39, pp. 43-54.
82. "Nucleon form factors and their interpretation," L.H. Chan, K.W. Chen, J.R. Dunning, Jr., N.F. Ramsey, J.K. Walker and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 141, 1298 (1966).
83. "Measurement of proton Electromagnetic form factors at high momentum transfers," K.W. Chen, J.R. Dunning, Jr., A.A. Cone, N.F. Ramsey, J.K. Walker and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 141, 1267 (1966).
84. "Quasi-elastic electron-deuteron scattering and neutron form factors," J.R. Dunning, Jr., K.W. Chen, A.A. Cone, G. Hartwig, N.F.Ramsey, J.K. Walker and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 141, 1286 (1966).
85. "Unsuccessful search for an excited electron," R. Budnitz, J.R. Dunning, Jr., M. Goitein, N.F. Ramsey, J.K. Walker and Richard Wilson, Phys. Rev. 141, 1313 (1966).
86. "1963 Summer Study Report," L. Hand and R. Wilson, SLAC-25(1963).
87. "Shielding for experiments near an electron machine," R. Wilson, CEA-A-30 .
88 "A revision of shielding calculations," Richard Wilson, CEA-73(1959), revised May 1963.