4.3.7 Variation C3: (variation of proposed national standard S5.6)
Variation C3 would be a variation of the proposed national standards that would amend proposed standard 5.6, banning permanent tethering.
Unquantifiable incremental net benefits of Variation C3 (Criterion I - animal welfare)
Variation C3 (of Option B) would involve an alternative to proposed Standard 5.6 whereby daily exercise of tethered cattle would be replaced by a complete ban on tethering. This would involve approximately 150 animals as discussed in Part A2.3 of Appendix 2. This would include 100 cattle in NSW and 10 in each of the remaining states of VIC, QLD, SA, WA and TAS. This would provide slightly more welfare benefits as compared to the ‘base case’ than under Option B - with cattle free to express normal behaviours including socialisation with other animals. The remaining welfare benefits under Option C3 would be identical to Option B.
Unquantifiable incremental net benefits of Variation C3 (Criterion II – reduced regulatory burden)
Variation C3 would result in the same reduction in regulatory burden as Option B.
Quantifiable and unquantifiable incremental net costs of Variation C3 (Criterion III – compliance costs)
Variation C3 of Option B would impose incremental costs of approximately $34.9m over 10 years in 2012-13 dollars130, as summarised in Table 26. The costs would be mainly attributable to the cost of pain relief131 when either dehorning cattle under certain circumstances; and to pain relief for spaying132 of cattle, under proposed national standards S6.4 and S6.8, respectively. These two incremental costs would amount to approximately $19.11m in 2012-13 dollars (see Table 26). As shown in Table 26, the most impacted state would be QLD with respect to both proposed national standard S6.4 and variation to proposed national standard S6.8, with an incremental cost of $13.56m in 2012-13 dollars. Proposed standards under Variation C3 are also likely to result in minor unquantifiable costs and cost savings as discussed in Part 4.3.2 of this RIS.
Table 26 – Quantifiable 10-year incremental cost of Variation C3 by state and territory – 2012-13 dollars (7% discount rate) ($m) 133
Proposed Standard
|
NSW
|
VIC
|
QLD
|
SA
|
WA
|
TAS
|
NT
|
ACT
|
TOTAL
|
5.4 (dog control)
|
$0.66
|
$0.39
|
$0.47
|
$0.11
|
$0.11
|
$0.06
|
$0.01
|
$0.00
|
$1.81
|
5.5 (dog muzzling)
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
5.6 (tethering ban)
|
$1.01
|
$0.10
|
$0.10
|
$0.10
|
$0.10
|
$0.10
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$1.51
|
5.7 (Electro-immobilisation training)
|
-$0.20
|
$0.02
|
$0.07
|
$0.01
|
$0.01
|
-$0.02
|
$0.01
|
$0.00
|
-$0.11
|
6.2 (Castration with pain relief)
|
$0.00
|
$0.43
|
$1.41
|
$0.00
|
$0.27
|
$0.00
|
$0.20
|
$0.00
|
$2.31
|
6.4 (Dehorning with pain relief)
|
$1.76
|
$1.41
|
$2.86
|
$0.00
|
$0.57
|
$0.00
|
$0.41
|
$0.00
|
$7.02
|
6.7 (Spaying training)
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$2.74
|
$0.00
|
$0.12
|
$0.00
|
$0.23
|
$0.00
|
$3.11
|
6.8 (Spaying with pain relief)
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$10.70
|
$0.00
|
$0.46
|
$0.00
|
$0.94
|
$0.00
|
$12.09
|
6.9 (Banning use of spreaders)
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.50
|
$0.00
|
$0.02
|
$0.00
|
$0.04
|
$0.00
|
$0.56
|
7.2 (Inspection of calving cows)
|
$0.63
|
$0.63
|
$0.71
|
$0.25
|
$0.12
|
$0.14
|
$0.08
|
$0.00
|
$2.56
|
8.4 (calf feeding requirements)
|
$0.13
|
$0.00
|
$0.06
|
$0.06
|
$0.04
|
$0.12
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.41
|
9.2 (Heat stress management in dairy cattle)
|
$0.13
|
$0.72
|
$0.09
|
$0.04
|
$0.03
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$1.01
|
9.3 (Banning tail docking unless for welfare reasons)
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.01
|
10.2 (Keeping records of feed quality)
|
$0.01
|
$0.00
|
$0.02
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.04
|
10.4 (Heat emergency requirements)
|
$0.09
|
$0.05
|
$0.21
|
$0.02
|
$0.04
|
$0.01
|
$0.02
|
$0.00
|
$0.43
|
11.5 (Banning of blunt force trauma killing of calves >24hrs of age)
|
$0.23
|
$1.42
|
$0.17
|
$0.08
|
$0.06
|
$0.16
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$2.12
|
Total PV
|
$5.47
|
$5.29
|
$20.20
|
$0.77
|
$2.07
|
$0.74
|
$1.95
|
$0.01
|
$34.90
|
Table 27 gives the net cost impact per cow ranging from a cost of $0.64 in SA to a cost of $1.61 in QLD.
Table 27 – Range of average 10-year cost per cow as a result of Variation C3 by state and territory – 2012-13 dollars134
|
NSW
|
VIC
|
QLD
|
SA
|
WA
|
TAS
|
NT
|
ACT
|
TOTAL
|
Total ($m)
|
$5.47
|
$5.29
|
$20.20
|
$0.77
|
$2.07
|
$0.74
|
$1.95
|
$0.01
|
$34.90
|
Total beef and dairy herd (m)
|
5.58
|
3.39
|
12.54
|
1.20
|
2.01
|
0.61
|
2.20
|
0.01
|
27.54
|
Cost per cow
|
$0.98
|
$1.56
|
$1.61
|
$0.64
|
$1.03
|
$1.20
|
$0.89
|
$0.86
|
$1.27
|
N
Public consultation question 9: Do you believe that the benefits achieved under Variation C3 of Option B, including welfare benefits of banning tethering and reduction in excess regulatory burden, are justified?
ote: Care should be taken in using the average cost per cow in a jurisdiction to interpret the impact of standards or variations on a particular industry sector or an individual farmer’s herd.
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