Q. & A. 711 to 1707 with solved Papers css 1971 to date

Officers of His Government
The capital of the State was MedirMasud-u
Hazrat Abu Bakr (Rad. A.) 217
The Governor of Makkah was Hazrat Utba bin Usaid. He and Hazrat Abu Bakr (Rad.A) died the same day. Governors of other places were as under:
Ta’if Usinan bin al A’s
San’a Muhajir bin Umayyad
Hadramaut Zaid bin Ubaid
Kholan ( a part of Yaman) Ya’la bin Ubaid South Yaman Abu Musa al-Ash’ari
Janad (a part of Yaman) Muadh bin Jabal
Bahrain Ala bin al-Hadrami
Dumatul Jandal Ayaz bin Ghanam
Iraq Muthanna bin Harith
Najran Jarir bin Abdullah
Near the end of his reign, Hazrat Abu Bakr (Rad.A) had appointed following commanders of Islamic armies in Syria: Abu Ubaidh bin al-Jarrah, Yazid bin Abi Sufyan, ’Amr bin al-A’s and Shurahbeel bin Hasnah. Hazrat Khalid bin Walid (Rad.A) was the commander-in-chief and the greatest general of Islam during the time of Hazrat Abu Bakr (Rad.A). Baitul Mai and Revenue Administration
Dm ing the time of the Holy Prophet and also during the peiiod of Abu Bakr (Rad.A) there was no separate department for revenue, Zakat, Sadaqa and other taxes and booty used to come to Medina for Baitul Mai which was under the charge of Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (before his departi.ite to Syria as the commander of an army). Whatever funds came in the Baitul Mai were distributed among the needy and the poor immediately. During the later period of his Khilafat Hazrat Abu Bakr (Rad.A) built a house for Baitul Mai but at no time money or any other thing accumulated in it. Once somebody asked Abu Bakr (Rad.A) to take care of the safety of Baitul Mai, he said that one lock was enough for that because much was not allowed to lie in it.’
During the first year of his Khilafat he gave ten Dirhams as a stipend to each adult in Medina whether he vva^ a free- person or a slave, next year when the income had increased he distributed twenty dirhams to each person. In this way he gave the same status to slave
1 Histoij ot I dily Caliphate. 1’ 101

218 Political and Cultural History of Islam
as that to free person because in human needs all were equal. After the death of Abu Bakr (Rad.A) when Hazrat Umar (Rad.A) checked the Baitul Mai in the presence of Hazrat Abdur Rahman and Hazrat Usman (Rad.A), he found only one dirham in it, he exclaimed, ”May Allah bless Abu Bakr (Rad.A).” Then he called the treasury officer and asked him, ”How much money did come in revenue for Baitul Mai? ”He replied,” two hundred thousand Dinars”. (Dirham was a silver coin in those days while Dinar was a gold coin). Following were the main sources of revenue: Zakat, Ushr (Special Land tax on lands), Jizya (Indemnity tax), and Booty