OTTOMAN EMPIRE Chapter 61: Ottoman Empire Muhammad the Conqueror 804
Apogee of Ottoman Empire 805
Conquest of Constantinople 807
Organization of the Empire 809
Muhammad II’s Aims of World Domination 811
Conquests of Muhammad II , 814
New Wars in Europe 816
Character and Achievements 818
Economic Development 819
Legislation and Legal System 820
Chapter 62: Sulayman the Magnificent Alternating Campaign and Internal Problems 825
Conquests 826
26
Internal Reforms 834
Character and Achievements 838
Chapter 63: Ottoman State System and Their Decline State System and Their Decline 838
Janissaries 843
Ottoman Feudalism 844
Decline of the Ottomans 847
Attempts at Reforms 852
EMINENT SCHOLARS Chapter 64: Eminent Scholars of Medieval Islam Kindi 857
Razi 860
Tabari 863
Farabi 865
Ibn Miskawayh 865
Ibn Sina 865
Brethern of Sincerity 867
Ghazzali 868
Abu al-Walid Muhammad bin Rushd (Averroes) 871
Abu Ali al-Hassan bin al-Haytham 873
Ibn Tumart .•,., 876
Ibn Ammar <-...... 879
Hunain bin Ishaq 881
Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi 882
IbnKhaldun 883
Method of History 887
Laws of Sociology 888
Logic 889
Dialectics 890
Dangers and Fallacies of Philosophy 890
Metaphysics 891
