Q. & A. 711 to 1707 with solved Papers css 1971 to date

MU’AWIYA II
After the death of Yazid,his son Mu’awiya II became the Khalifah of Islam. He was a man of mild disposition. He retired into private life after a reign of a few months and died shortly after. On his death, the Umayyad council was divided and various aspirants to the throne appeared. Ibn Zubayr was now the acknowledged Khalifah at Makkah and Medina. He also succeeded during the next few months in being the recognized ruler over Egypt and the greatest part of Syria. Al-Kufa also went over to Ibn Zubayr.
Syed Ameer AM, says, Mu’awiya, a youth of mild disposition, who, it is said, abhorred the crimes of his family. He retired into private life after a reign of a few months, and died shortly after, supposed to have been poisoned. With Mu’awiya II. ended the rule of Abu Sufian’s branch. This dynasty is called the Harbite, from the name of Abu Sufian’s father, Harb, in contradistinction to the Hakamites, who derived their name from Hakam, the father of
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Marwan, who as we shall presently see, managed to oust the first Mu’awiya’s young grandson from the succession to the throne.
Immediately on the death of Yazid, Abdullah bin Zubair had been acknowledged as Caliph all over Hijaz, Iraq, and Khorasan. Had he now issued from Makkah, and with his old audacity struck for Syria, there is little doubt the Umayyad domination would have ended for ever. But he lay supinely at Makkah, and gave time to the Umayyads to join their forces.
MARWAN
(683-685 a.d./64-66 a.h.)
Mu’awiya II had left no child but there was a brother, a young son of Yazid. named Khalid. But the chief men of the court felt that a strong hand was needed in this situation and they put forward Marwan. After much discernment he was saluted as Khalifah on condition that Khalid would succeed on reaching man’s state. Marwan was a great diplomat. He with the help of the Syrian Himyarites marched against the Mudarite Chief ZahHat who was vindicating the cause of Abdullah bin Zubayr. He met the enemy in the battle of Marj Rahat in which he was victorious. Thereupon the whole of Syria came under his sway. Egypt was also regained. Finding his position sufficiently secure and feeling the approach of his end, he nominated his own son Abdul Malik to the future throne, for he feared Khalid bin Yazid who might claim the throne after his death.
Marwan received his death at the hands of Yazid’s widow. His reign lasted barely for a year. He was not recognized as Khalifah by the Sunnis. They took him as a rebel against Abdullah bin Zubayr. He was succeeded by his worthy son Abdul Malik whose authority was at once recognized throughout Syria and Egypt.
9 S\cd Ameer Ah. A Short i listorv ol the Saracens. 1’ 89

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CHAPTER I