Q. & A. 711 to 1707 with solved Papers css 1971 to date

Social and Moral Conditions
As regards their social life, the Arabs were endowed with courage, dogged tenacity, wonderful memory, sense of self respect, feeling of freedom, love and allegiance for the tribe and tribal leader,
Dr. Ata Mohyuddin, P.25
S.M. Imamuddin, A Political History of the Muslims, Vol. I, Karachi, 1984, P.26

48 Political and Cultural History of Islam

simplicity, generosity, hospitality and last but not the least the knack for poetry. But these good qualities were outweighed by bad ones. During the dark age, the firmament of Arabia was overclouded with injustice, vice and superstition.
According to Abdul Hameed Siddiqui, ”Social life in Arabia is paradoxical and presents a gloomy picture of striking contrast. The Arabs, on the one hand, were generous and hospitable even to the point of fault and took pride in entertaining liberally not only human beings but also anil mis and beasts. On the other hand, the impending fear of poverty weighed so heavily upon them that they buried their female children alive, least they should be impoverished by providing for them.”23
The Arabs had the following virtues,
(i) Hospitality (ii) Generosity
(in) ’Fidelity (iv) Chivalry
(v) Gallantry ’ (vi) Loyalty
(vii) Patience (viii) Frankness
(ix) Love of Independence(x) Memory and Intelligence
The hospitality of the Arabs is renowned all over the world and is inherited from Hazrat Ibrahim. The guest was honoured by the Arabs as if he was sent one of God. Ahmad Galwash writes about this quality of the Arabs in these words, ”Hospitality was so habitual to the Arabs and so much esteemed, that the example of this virtue among them exceed whatever can be cited among other nations.”24
The Arabic literature of pre-Islamic days is full of their gallantry persistence in revenge, protection of the weak and defence against the strong were the chief characteristics of the Arabs. However, Arabs were very conspicuous for their sincerity in companionship, honesty etc. W.M. Watt writes about the moral values of the pre-Islamic Arabs in these words. ”The moral ideal of the desert Arabs may be called, in accordance with Goldziher’s usage, Muruwah or manliness. It has been well described by R.A. Nicholson as bravery in battle, patience in misfortune, persistence in revenge, protection of the weak, defiance of the strong. Generosity and hospitality were greatly admired in the desert and are still prominent virtues of the Arabs. Loyalty and fidelity were also important virtues of the Arabs.”25
Abdul Hameed Siddiqui, PM8.
Ahmad Galwash, The Religion of Islam, Lahore, 1985, P.24. W.M. Watt, Muhammad at Makkah, P.20.
Arabia Before Islam 49