Q. & A. 711 to 1707 with solved Papers css 1971 to date

Yahya al-Barmaki
Yahya al-Barmaki served as chancery of Harun when he had been appointed governor of the western provinces including Armenia and Azerbaijan for siding with Harun when the latter forced to renounce his rights to the succession, he was thrown into prison. On becoming caliph,’ Harun released Yahya the Barmaki and installed him as his wazir. He governed with unlimited power for 17 years from 786 to 803. His family influenced the Abbasid court greatly during his time. Fazal, son of Yahya was the foster-brother of the Harun, as his mother had suckled the latter, and a statesman of unrivalled ability and his brother Ja’far a boon companion of the caliph exercised unbounded power. Fazal, as governor of eastern provinces, achieved great popularity through his military exploits. After eight or nine years’ rule Harun shifted his court from Baghdad to Raqqah in the north of the Syria with a view to keep the disloyal Syrians under control and fight wars against the Greeks.
Kharijis Revolt
In 17I/June 787-8 the Kharijis revolted in Mosul and discomfitted Abu Hurayrah the governor of Mesopotamia the insurrection was put down by a fresh contingent of the army and the governor was put to death for his failure. Another Khariji revolt took place at Nasibin under the leadership of ai-Walid ibn Tarif who ravaged Armenia, Azerbijan and Mesopotamia up to Holwan in

177/794. After a bloody battle Walid was killed in 179/796, which alarmed the caliph so much that on bringing the reb^l* to submission, I’.C .T.ade both the l^s^r and £rcaU,r ”i’grimage to Makkah as thanks ’ giving, rViiotner serious rebellion of the Kharijis broke out in

180/796-7 with ravaged Persia as far as Hirah but was put down by the Governor AH ibn Isa.
Taking advantage of the rebellion of Rafi in Samarqand beyond the Oxus as described later the Kharijis threatened peace in the South of the river and western province of Persia in 192/808. Harun himself, leaving al-Qasim to look after the affairs in Syria, marched on the Kharijis and reached Jurjan accompanied by his son Ma’mun in the beginning of 193/end of 808. From there he sent Ma’mun to Merv and himself proceeded slowly to Tus where the ailing caliph died in Sha’ban 193 March (809).