Q. & A. 711 to 1707 with solved Papers css 1971 to date

SPAIN
(710 - 1492)
756-1031 Umayyads in Spain
710-713 Arab conquest of Spain
713-756 Governors appointed by the Umayyad caliphs
912-961 Abd-ar-Rahman in
The title of caliph adopted by this ruler in 929

961-976 Hakamll

976-1009 Hishamll
1010-1091 Minor dynasties of Malaga, Algeciras, Seville,
Granada. Cordova, Toledo, Valencia, and Saragossa

1036-1148 Almohades of North Africa

123 2-1492 Nasrids of Jaen and Granada
Granada captured by Ferdinand and Isabell of
Castile in 1492
APPENDIX II IMPORTANT BOOKS AND THEIR AUTHORS
Name of Book
1. Hayy ibn Yaqzan (Novel)
2. AI-Iqd-al-Farid
3. Kitab-al-Aghani
4. Al-Fihrist
5. Tawaq al-Hamamah
6. Al-Fasl-fi al Milal
7. Tarikh-i-Iftah-al-Indulus
8. Al-Mattin
9. Al-Muqtabis fi-Tarikh Rijal -al-Andulus
10. Tarikh-i-Ulma Andulus
11. Al-Salih fi Tarikh A’immat al-Andulus
12. Byghyat-al Multamis
fi Tarikh Rajal Andulus.
13. Tabqat al-Uman
14. Muqaddamah,
15. Al-Masalik wal-Mamaliky
16. Al-Hishabm
17. Kitab al-Hayah
18. Kitab al-Hayah
19. Al-Adwiyah al-Mufradah
Name of Author
Ibn Tufayal Ibn Rabbih Abu-al-Isphani Ibn Nadeem Ibn Hazam Ibn Hazam Ibn Qutiyah Ibn Hayyan Ibn Hayyan
Ibn Farid Abdul Malik
Al-Dabbi
Said ibn Ahmad
Ibn Khaldun
Al-Bakri
Majriti
Al-Battani
Al-Bituriji
Ibn Ghafqi
Appendix
20. Al-Filahah
21. Al-Mughani fial Adwiyah al-Mufradah
22. Jami fi Adwiyah al-Muf-
23. Al-Tasrif
24. Taysir
25. Kulliyat
26. Mualajah
27. Kitab-al-Malki
28. AI-Hawi
29. Taqwim al-Abdan
30. Yanbu al-Hayah
31. Tadbir al-Mutawahhid
32. AI-Kulliyat fi-Tibb
33. Tahafut al-Tahafut
34. Tahfaut al-Falasifah
35. Al-Fusul fi al-Tibb
36. Dalalat al-Harin
37. Hikmat al-Ishaq
38. al-Futuh al-Makkiyah
39. Fusus-al-Hikmah
40. al-Isra ila Maqom-Asar
41. Al-Ajwab al-Asilah
42. Asar-al-Hikmah al-Mashriqah
43. Kitab al-Anwa
44. Tabqat al Uttaba-wal Hikma
45. Kitab-al-Mughis
46. Amal-Min Tibb
47. Qubba-tul-Falikt
48. Risal-ul-Amal
49. Kitab a!-Aufaq
50. Kitab al-Hayah fi Aslah
51. Kitab al-Jamia
52. Kitab al-Najum
53. AI-Minhaj
54. AI-Mashat-al Majhuba
55. Kitab al Jam’i Saffat
56. Kitab a! Falah
57- Surat al-Arad
58- Kitab al-Buldan
899
Ibn Awwam Ibn Baytar
Ibn Baytar
Al-Zahrawi
Ibn Zuhr
Ibn Rushd
Ahmad al-Tabari
Ali bin Abbas
Razi
Ibn Jazlah
Ben Gabirol
Ibn Bajjah
Ibn Rushd
Ibn Rushd
Ghazzali
Ibn Maymun
Ibn Maymun
Ibn Arabi
Ibn Arabi
Ibn Arabi
Ihn Arabi
Ibn Sabin
Ibn Sabin
Arib bin Sa’d
Ibn Juljul
Ibn Wafid
Ibn Khatib
Majriti
Zarqali
Zarqali
Jabir bin Aflah
Abul Hassan
Moihaddin al
Maghrabi
Ibn Bana
Ahmad bin Nasar
Al-Idrisi
Abui Khair Shabali
Khwarzimi
Yaqubi
1

Political and Cultural History of Islam
900
59. Kitab al-Masalik wal Mamalik
60. Kitab al Surat a! Arad
61. Marwaj-al-Zahab
62. Rasam al-Aumur Min Arad
63. Ahsan Taqsim fi Aqlim
64. Mujam al-BuIdan
65. Taqwaim ai-Buldan
66. Tufah t’u! Bab
67. Aijab al Buldan-or Aijab al-Mughrab
68. Kitab al-Oughrifia
69. Rihiut al-Mashraq
70. Al-Riahla(Rihla)
71. Tabqat ul-Uttaba
72. Aun ai-Anba
73. Aijab al-Asfar
74. Kitab al-Rahmah
75. Kitab al-Tajmi
76. Al Kheil
77. Anabiel
78. Al-Wahoosh
79. As-Saha!
80. Khalaq al-lnsan
81. Firdaus-al-Hikma
82. AI-Mansoori
83. Al-Hawi
84. Raus in Animals
85. Al-Qanoon fi Tibb
86. Al-Philosopha
87. Fusus-al-Hikma
88. Kitab al Shafa
89. Tarikh-i-Jalali
90. Kitab-ul-Israr
91. Kitab ul-Malki
92. Taqwiir.
93. Tarkih-i-Tun-Kahhal-il
94. al-Hiwan
95. Seerat-i-Rasaul-ull-allah
96. Kitab-ul-Akhlaq
97 Hisab al-Jabar al-Muqbala
98. Kitab al-Hind
Ahmad Surkhi Ibn Huqal Masudi Kindi Bairuni Yaqut Abul Fida Abu Hamid Abu Hamid
Al-Zahri
Ibn Jubyer
Abu Umar
Ibn Asbiah
Ibn Asbiah
Ibn Batuta
Jabir bin Hayyan
Jabir bin Hayyan
Abdul Malik Isma
Abdul Malik Isma
Abdul Malik Isma
Abdul Malik Isma
A jdul Malik Isma
Ibnul Tibri
Razi
Razi
Majreeti
Abul Hasan Ibn Sina
Kindi
Farabi
Ibn-i-Sina
Umar Khayyam
Razi
Majusi
Ibn Jazla
Ali bin Isa
Al-Jahiz
Muhammad bin Ishaq
Ibn Hayyan
Khwarzami
Bairuni
Appendix
901
Jabar bin Hayyan
Ibn Asir
Badi-u-Zamman
Khalil bin Ahmad
Farabi
Kindi
Kindi
Ibn Maskewiah
Ibn Sina
Ibn Khalliqan
Ibn Khalliqan
Ibn Khalliqan
Al-Dammri
99. Kitab al-Noor
100. Al-Kamil
101. Muqammat
102. Kitab-al-Naghma
103. Kitab al-Mausqi wal Kabir
104. Rislat fi Mausqi
105. Kitab fi Illhiat
106. Fouz al Akbar
107. Kitab al-Nijat
108. Wafatal-Ayan ft)9. Tabqat al-Umamm
110. Risala fi Maudood
111. Hayat-al-Haywan
APPENDIX in PERSONALITIES
1. Abu Abdullah was a propagandist and the founder of Fatimid rule in North Africa. He was a native of Yemen.
2. Abu al Fida was a Syrian prince of the Ayyubid dynasty; (1273 - 1331 AD). He is mainly known as a historian and geographer.
3. Abu al Khayr was the founder of Shaybanid dynasty.
4. Abu Kamil Shuja was one of the greatest mathematician of Islamic Middle Ages. Next to Khawarzmi, he is the oldest Islamic algebraist of whose writings some remains have survived.
5. Abu Mahalli was a jurist and mystic of Morocco. He played a part in the final years of the Sadin dynasty.
6. Abu Muslim Khurasani was a great leader of Abbasids revolution in Persia.
7. Abu Nuwas was a poet, whose real name was Hasan Ibn Hani. He was Persian who became a protege of Harun Rashid.
8. Abu Tammam was a famous Arabic poet of the Abbasids time.
9. Abu Ubaydal Bakri was the famous geographer of the Muslim Spain, theologian, philogist and botanist.
10. Abu ul Faraj Isfahan! is the author of the well-known ”Book of Songs” Kitabl-al-Agani which is famous for its style.
11. Abu Yaha al-Batriq was also translator. He translated the major works of Galen, Aristotle and Hippocrates.

902 Political and Cultural History of Islam
12. Abul Atahiya was an Arabic poet of Abbasid time. He is known for the freshness and unconventionality of his style.
13. Ibn ul Khatib was a famous historern of Muslim Spain. His famous book ”Al-Ihatah fi Tarikh Gharnata”.
14. Akhwan-u-Safa a group of philosopher.
15. Al-Bairuni was a great historian and mathematician of his time. Kitab al-Hind is his famous work.
16. Al-Bakri was also geographer of Muslim Spain.
17. Al-Jahiz was the great name in Arabian medicine.
18. Al-Kindi was the great philosopher and musician and commonly called ”the Philosopher of the Arab”
19. Al-Qazwani was the famous geographer.
20. Alp Arslan was a great Saljuk ruler. He conducted campaigns against the Armenians and the Georgians and defeated the Byzantines in the battle of Malazgird.
21. Bakhtu Yashu was the physician of Mansoor. He translated the master pieces of Hippocrates.
22. Banu Musa, Muhammad, Ahmad and Hassan were the great men in science under the Abbasid of Baghdad.
23. Ben Gebroil was a philosopher of the Muslim Spain.
24. Farabi was a philosopher of the Medieval Arab..
25. Ghazzali was a Muslim theologian and philosopher.
26. Hunain bin Ishaq was a translator in Bait-a! Hikma.
27. Hurmuz was a great astronomer and author of Mifta alNujuni.
28. Ibn al Baytar was a famous botanist and pharmacologist of (Malaga) Spain.
29. Ibn al-Arabi, Muhuyiddin y/a-j one of the greatest and certainly the most prolific, sufis of Islam in Muslim Spain.
30. Ibn AJhal was a great poet of Umayyad’s time.
31. Ibn Bajjah, Abu Bakr Muhammad was a famous Muslim philosopher and vizir of Saragossa, Spain, known in the West as Avempace.
32. Ibn Firnas was a famous scientist of Muslim Spain.
33. Ibn Ghalib was a famous historian and geographer of Spam.
34. Ibn Hani was a famo;-« Court poet ol the Banu Hamdun, rulers of Masila and of the last Fatimid caiiph Muizz. He is considered the first great poet of the Muslim West.
Ibn Haythem (Al-Hazen) was a great Muslim physicist of
Egypt. He wrote Kitab al-Manazar.
Ibn Hazm was a great literary figure of Muslim Spain.
Appendix
903
37.
38.
39.

40.
41.

42.
43.

44.

45.
46.
47.

48.
49.

50.
51.
52.
53.
54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.

64.
Ibn Ishaq was the biographer of the Holy Prophet. He was a great historian of his time. He was the author of Sirat Rasul
UHah.
Ibn Nadeem was a biographer. Al-Fihrist is his famous
book.
Ibn Rushd was also philosopher and Hakim of Spain.
Ibn Sina was famous for his books like Qanoon and Kitab al
Shifa. He was a great physician and philosopher of medieval
time.
Ibn Tufayl was a great Muslim Spainsh philosopher.
Ibn Usbiayh was the Tabib and author of the Tabqat al-
Uttaba.
Ibn Yanus was the astronomer of Fatimid time.
Ibn Zuhur was also the famous physician of Muslim Spain.
Ibn-Muqaffa was a translator of Kalilah wa Dimmah from
Pehlawi.
Ibnal Asir was a famous historian.
Idrisi was a geographer of Muslim Spain.
Jaber bin Hayyan was the first chemist in Islam. His famous
books, Al-Noor, Al-Hayya.
Jahur was the great general of Fatimid of Egypt.
Khalid bin Yazid was the great chemist of Umayyad’s time,
author of the Kitab al-Hirart.
Khalil bin Ahmad was the great literary man of early Islam.
Khwarzami was the great name in philosophy and
mathematics.
Muhammad bin Ibrahim was a translator in Bait al-Hikma.
He translated Sidhanta a work on astronomy.
Muttanbi was a great literary figure in Abbasids.
Razi was philosopher and chemist.
Tabari was famous historian of the Arab.
Thabit bin Qarra was a translator under the Abbasids.
Ubqa bin Nafi was conqueror of North Africa.
Umar Khayyam was a great mathematician and astronomer.
Yaqub bin Tariq was astronomer under Mansoor.
Yaqubi was historian and geographer.
Zaharwi was the famous physician of Muslim Spain.
Zarqali was the great astronomer of Muslim Spain.
Ziryab was a great musician. He served in Baghdad and
then served in Spain.

904
Political and Cultural History of Islam