Q. & A. 711 to 1707 with solved Papers css 1971 to date

General Attack
The Muslims were divided into three main groups: the Makkhans migrants, the Awsites, and the Khazarajites from among the Medinites, each under a separate banner. The Muslim Army stood fast, waiting for the enemy to approach within striking distance. The archers on the flanks alone discharged arrows to stop the Makkhans succeeding in their enveloping movement. This appears to have forced the Makkhans flanks to lag behind, thus not only stopping the enveloping movement but also unbalancing their forward elements. The result was that lack of a linear formation and the lagging behind of the flanks robbed the Makkhans of the heavy weight they could hurl at the Muslim front line. Thus when the forward elements of the Makkhans army came in contact with the front rank of the Muslim army they were handled easily and disposed of one after the other in the order of their reaching within the striking distance of the lance and sword. The calm, cool well-disciplined and fresh Muslim soldiers found no difficulty in finishing the tired, and panting disarrayed Makkhans soldiers coming up one after the other. They were, however, spirited men of a brave race and they kept on coming forward.7 \
The Makkhans attack gradually slowed down. The frequency of their brave young men rushing on to break through the Muslim line, decreased and the Muslim soldiers felt the weight of Makkhan onslaught diminishing. The loss of the Makkhans both in men and material was great but the loss of prestige was of greater consequence. It meant that Makkah could not, any more, retain the leadership of Arabia, because a force had arisen, which although new and small, yet had to be reckoned with if Arabia was to debate the question of further leadership.
The Quraysh leaders fought bravely but they were defeated and killed. The rest of the army took to their heels from the battle field. They were chased, were either slain or made prisoners. Abu Jahl, the bitterest opponent of Muhammad (PBUH) was killed in the battle. The number of the slain was 70 and about the same number
’ Gulzar Ahmad. The Battles of the Prophet of Allah, Lahore 1985, Vol I, P 164
’ Gul?a>-Ahmad, P 165

108
Political and Cultural History of Islam

was taken prisoners. The Muslim army lost only 14 of whom six were refugees and eight were Ansar.
The Holy Prophet chose the path of courage and honour which added to the glory of Islam. Allah blessed the Muslims with victory at Badr on account of their spiritual strength, organization, leadership and submission to Allah and the Holy Prophet. The battle of Badr carries a lesson for the world, that a small group of fighters with strong faith and conviction can defeat an army. It also indicated the Jehad (Holy War) is dearer to Allah than anything else. Then the Qur’an described this battle as decisive, as it served to sake the very foundations of evil in this world and establish the supremacy of good.
And recall what time Allah was promising you one of the two parties that it should be yours and you would fain have that the one without arms were yours. And Allah willed that He should cause the Truth to triumph by His words and cut off the root of the disbelievers in order that He might justify the truth and falsify the falsehood, however the guilty might oppose The perfection of the military intelligence organization, planned and controlled by the Supreme Commander himself, from Medina, must nave contributed a great deal towards defeating the designs of the Makkhans who in spite of their best efforts after Badr were trying to undermine his authority with a view to make him much weaker than before, when they would be ready to challenge him for the next round.