Q. & A. 711 to 1707 with solved Papers css 1971 to date

SECRETARIAT
The structure of the administration cf the ”City State of Medina” ;vas not complicated. There were some important departments of the centra! government. There were many offLidis who did work in une <^rr,poiirid of tbe mosque. Hazrat AH (Rad.A) and Hazrat Usman (Rad.A) reconied the revelations. Zubay bin Awam and al-Juhayrr. kept the record of properties collected by a way of Zakat. Hudhajan prepared the estimation of the revenue from the datepaims. Mughria and Hassan bin Namir recorded transactions between the people. Hanzalah bin Rabi was called the secretary of the Holy Prophet.3 The Wall
The Chief administrator of the each province was called the Wali. Some times called the gove.r.or c>f the province. The
2S.A.Q Husami, Arab Administration P ?.} J
Muhammad Ah<»in !s>am:r Slate P J04 /

184 Political and Cultural History of Islam

appointment was made by the Holy Prophet. Medina was the capital of the state. He had done his duties in equal footing in this province like the Holy Prophet in centre. Arabia was divided into the provinces of Medina, Yaman, Najran, Uman, Hadarmawat, Bahrayn, Tahma, and Janad. In all these provinces the Holy Prophet appointed the governors who were joined to establish law and order and make arrangements for the administration of justice.
The Amils
Besides the Wali, the Holy Prophet appointed the collector or Amil over each tribal area to collect the Zakat and Sadaqah. The Amils trained by the rules and regulation experts of these transactions.
The Qazi
In the ”City State of Medina” the Holy Prophet (PBUH) himself acted as the Chief Justice Many men of character deputed as judge in remote areas. Hazrat Ali and Mua? bin Jabai were appointed as Qazi by the Holy Prophet. All the laws according to the spirit of Qur’an and Sunnah. All decisions took according to the injunctions of the Quran.
REVENUE SYSTEM OF THE CJTY STATE OF MEDINA Revenue system was not a new term for the state. The Roman empire had a well organized system of revenue. Pre-Islamic Arabia had not a central government or authority so they had not a system of revenue. The ”City State of Medina” had all the essential administrative units which were necessary for the welfare state. The economic policy of tK state was also laid on some injunctions of the Quran. Holy Prophet set up the public treasury in the siuti. During the days of the Holy Prophet Islamic state had following sources of re’ ”i”*s.

1. Zakat and Si&fA

Poor-iate and voluntary alms by the Muslims. Zakat was imposed all the Muslims which has the material prosperity or the Mai according to Nisab, the poor are excluded by that tax. It was the major source of the state. It was levied on:
1. Gold and Silver: 20 mithqal gold. 7«x tola silver.
2. Animals kept for trade purpose.
3. Goods of merchandise.
4. Hidden treasure found in the state.
Administration Under the Holy Prophet 185
2. Jazya
It was a tax chargeable from non-Muslims hi lieu of the guarantee extended to them foi the protection of their life, property, religious rites, their exemption from military services.
3. Kharaj
Kharaj was the land tax collected from the non-Muslims. It was imposed on Jews of Khayber after the conquest of Khayber. All lands which occupied by the Muslims, retained under the Jews in lieu of the Kharaj.