Q. & A. 711 to 1707 with solved Papers css 1971 to date

ABDUL MALIK’S ACCESSION
Marwan I was succeeded bv his son Abdul Malik. Though in the beginning the authority of the new Caliph was challenged outside Syria and Egypt, his reign was marked for consolidation and pacification of the empire and Arabization of administration. During the first decade of his rule, he was hemmed in by main enemies and he had to face them on various fronts. There was trouble in Persia, Mesopotamia, Arabia and hostilities broke out in the Fast between the Arabs of the South and North and lasted for about twenty vears (46-65 A.H./666-685 A.D.).
The Arab soldiers settled in Persia broke out in conflict among themselves, Ibn Khazim of Sulaym appointed by Ibn Zubayr, Governor of Khurasan, fought on behalf of the Mudar (northern branch of the Arabs) against Banu Bakr allied to the southern Arabs and killed 8,000 of them at Harat. Ibn Khazim’s son was killed bv alHaraysh, the chief of the Banu Tamim, and the tribal war continued for two years. A fortress of the Bani Bakr was stormed and the inmates were starved to death. Due to this inter-tribal jealousy and rivalry little progress could be made in settlement of eastern Persia and Khurasan and in extension of the territory in the east and north. Kharijis Revolt
The Kharijis, who had joined Ibn al-Zubayr at Makkah. fell out with him when the Caliph refused to denounce Usman (Rad.A) as a tyrant and justify his murder. This Ibn Zubayr could not do because it was he who, along with his father, had waged war with Ali (Rad.A) when he had delayed in avenging the blood of the third Caliph. They created trouble at Basrah during the governorship of Mus’ab brother of Ibn al-Zubayr. They were driven to al-Ahwaz whence they spread throughout Persia and being divided into numerous sect created trouble and committed atrocities. Mus’ab deputed al-Muhallab. who had distinguished himself as a general in Khurasan, to chastise the Kharijis.”
In 64 A.H. (683-684) the Kharijis broke out at Kufah to a\enge the death of Hussain and the\ were joined by the Persian
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Mawalis, who had engendered grudge against their Arab masters But thev were routed at Qadisiyah by the Svrian troops in RabialAwwal 6> A.H (November. 684) and the remnants took refuge at Kufah