Q. & A. 711 to 1707 with solved Papers css 1971 to date

MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD
At this time a new stage, unlike any other Prophet before him, began in the career of Muhammad (PBUH). Here began the political stage in which Muhammad (PBUH) showed such great wisdom, insight, and statesmanship as would arrest attention first in surprise and then in awe and reverence. Muhammad’s (PBUH) great concern was to bring to his new home town a political and organizational unity hitherto unknown to Hijaz, though not to ancient Yaman. He consulted with Abu Bakr (Rad.A) and Umar (Rad.A), his two companions, as he used to call them. Naturally, the first idea to occur to him was that of reorganizing Muslim ranks so as to consolidate their unity and to wipe out every possibility of a resurgence of division and hostility. In the realization for this objective, he asked the Muslims to fraternize with one another of the sake of God and to bind themselves together in pairs, he explained how he and Ali ibn Abu Talib (Rad.A) were brothers, how his uncle Hamzah and his client, Zayd, were also brothers, as were likewise Abu Bakr and Kharijah ibn Zayd, and Umar ibn al Khattab and Itban ibn Malik al Khazraji. Despite the Muhajirun’s rapid increase in number, following the emigration of the Holy Prophet, everyone of them was now bound to a member of al-Ansar group in a bond of mutual assistance. The Holy Prophet’s proclamation in this regard transformed that bond into one of blood and real fraternity. A new, genuine| brotherhood arose which forged the Muslim ranks into an indivisible unity.
/Al-Ansar showed their Muhajirin brothers great hospitality which the latter had first accepted with joy. For when they emigrated from Makkah, they had left behind all their property, wealth, and goods and entered Medina devoid of the means with which to find their food. Only Usman ibn Affan (Rad.A) was able to carry with him enough of his wealth to be prosperous in his new residence. The others had hardly been able to carry much or little that was of use to

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Political and Cultural History of Islam

them Even Hamzah, the Holy Prophet’s uncle, had one day to ask the Holy Prophet to give him some food to eat. Abdur Rahman ibn Awf and Sa’d ibn al Rabi were bonded together in brotherhood. The former had nothing. The latter offered to split his wealth with him. Abdur Rahman refused and asked that he be shown the market place. There he began to sell cheese and butter and in short time achieved a measure of affluence fair enough to enable him to ask the hand of a Medinese-woman as well as to send caravans in trade. Many other Muhajirin followed the example of Abdur Rahman, for, the Makkhans, it should be remembered, were quite adept in trade Indeed, they were so expert that it was said of them that they could by trade change the sand of the desert into gold.4