Q. & A. 711 to 1707 with solved Papers css 1971 to date

NIZAM-UL-MULK TUSI (1017-1091 A.D.)
Khawajah Abu AH Hasan b. AM Ishaq, better known in history as Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi (408 - 486 A.H./1017 - 1092 A.D.), has enjoyed an unrivalled reputation as a statesman, a thinker on public administration and a builder of great empire. He offers a complete contrast to Niccolo Machiavelli who is recognized to have influenced Western politics ever since his Prince was written and who is not merely amoral, his thought is definitely immoral. Tusi’s main concern, on the other hand, was the consolidation of Sultanate’s power for the welfare of the people and the strengthening and glorification of Islam.6 Syed Ameer AM says, ”Malik Shah retained
6 encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. VII. P 69
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Khwaja Hassan, Nizam-ul-Mulk, in the office of wiziat and invested him with absolute authority under the title of Atabek (”Prince Governor”). Nizam-ul-Mulk was probably, after Yahya Barmeki, the ablest wazir and administrator Asia has ever produced. His work on administration and government forms an enduring monument of his genius and capacity.”7
The guiding genius behind Malik Shah’s administration was Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi, his Persian wazir Nizam-ul-Mulk was himself a cultured man. He wrote one of the most remarkable Muslim treatises on the art of government, the Siyasat Nama. Nizam-ul-Mulk was the first to establish well organized academies for higher learning. Particularly renowned was his Nizamiyah founded in 1065

- 1067 A.D., at Baghdad,8 The real acadenn in Islam which became the model for later schools of higher learning was the Nizamiyah established by Nizam-ul-Mulk. He organized a system of education and started regular Madrasah and founded several important colleges and universities and endowed them adequately with munificent grants from the Government.9 The Siyasat Nama is full of historical anecdotes, ft embodied the author’s views regarding the merits and demerits of the extant administration of the Empire. He gives detailed information regarding how to keep the Sultan fully informed of all matters within his Empire, including the doings of the governors of the provinces through ’Barid’. According to I H. Qureshi, ”his Siyasta Nama was the bible of Muslim administration.” Nizam ul-Mulk’s energies were completely absorbed in the business of the slate. He obtained a wide experience of political affairs and administrative procedures. He had outstanding experience in practical politics. His entire life was spent as a man of affairs.10 The assassination in

1092 A.D., of the illustrious wazir of the Saljuq sultanate. Nizam-ul-Mulk by a fidai disguised as a Sufi, was the first of a series of mysterious murders which plunged the Muslim World into terror.”