Quettaparma Quenyallo

hrómen noun “east”, variant of the more common Rómen, q.v. (PE17:18)

hrón noun “flesh/substance of Arda”, “matter” (PE17:183), also at one point used = hroa “body”, q.v. Compare erma.

hrondo noun “a corporeal form or body (especially of the Elves)” (PE17:183). Tolkien replaced this word by hroa, q.v.

hróna adj. “eastern” (PE17:18), apparently a variant of róna, q.v. (itself not clearly glossed).

hróta noun "dwelling underground, artificial cave or rockhewn hall" (PM:365)

hróva adj. “dark, dark brown”, used to refer to hair (PE17:154)

hru-, hrú, ru- prefix implying wickedness or evil, only occasionally used, e.g. hrúcarë, q.v.

hrúcarë, also rúcarë, noun “evil-doing” (PE17:170)

hruo noun “troll” (PE17:115)

hú noun “hound” (PE17:86), cf. huan, huo

[hu- or hú-, negative prefix (VT45:17); Tolkien settled on ú- instead.]

huan (hún-, as in dat. sg. húnen) noun "hound" (KHUGAN, KHUG). Cf. hú, huo.

huë “Qenya” cardinal “nine” (in Tolkien’s later Quenya nertë) (VT49:54)

Hui noun "Night" (PHUY), in earlier "Qenya" defined as "evening" (MC:214) or "fog, dark, murk, night" (LT1:253).

huinë noun "deep shadow" (PHUY), "gloom" (VT41:8), "gloom, darkness" (SA:fuin), also used for "shadow" = Sauron (LR:56). Possessive (adjectival) form huinéva in the name Taurë Huinéva, q.v. In earlier sources, huinë is quoted as a variant of fuinë, but according to VT41:8, huinë is the proper Quenya form and fuinë is Telerin. With prefix nu- "under" and allative ending -nna in nuhuinenna (SD:246); also unuhuinë "under-shadow" (LR:47).

huiva adj. "murky" (LT1:253)

[#hum- vb. "not to do" (cited as 1st person aorist: humin "I do not"; pa.t. húmë. (VT45:17). See #um-.]

húmë (1) numeral "thousand" (PE13:50). Pl. húmi is attested (used in connection with other numbers, as in "two thousand", i.e. "two thousands").

*húmë (2), see fúmë

húna 1) adj. “cursed, accursed”. Cf. húta-. (PE17:149)

[húna- 2) vb. "howl" (VT46:6)]

*hund- (*hunda-, *hundië etc.), see fund-

húnen dat. sg. of huan, q.v. (KHUGAN, KHUG)

huntë, huntanë, vb., the pa.t. of húta, q.v.

huo noun "dog" (KHUG, see KHUGAN; cf. hú, huan). Also roa.

Huorë masc. name "Heart-vigour, courage" (KHŌ-N)

*hur-, see fur-

hurin adj. "hidden, concealed" (also furin) (LT2:340)

húro noun "storm" (MC:214; this is "Qenya")

huru, see furu

húta- vb. “curse”, pa.t. huntë or huntanë. It is unclear whether the word húna “cursed, accursed” should be regarded as the passive participle of this verb, or only as an independent (though obviously related) adjective. (PE17:149)

[húvanimor, see úvanimo]

hwan (hwand-, e.g. pl. hwandi) noun "sponge, fungus" (SWAD)

hwarin adj. "crooked" (SKWAR)

hwarma noun "crossbar" (SKWAR)

hwermë noun "gesture-code" (WJ:395, VT39:5)

hwesta (1) noun "breeze, breath, puff of air" (SWES), also name of tengwa #12 (Appendix E, VT46:17); hwesta sindarinwa "Grey-elven hw", name of tengwa #34 (Appendix E).

hwesta- (2) vb. "to puff" (SWES)

hwindë (1) noun “birch” (PE17:23)

hwindë noun (2) "eddy, whirlpool" (SWIN). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, hwindë was also the name of tengwa #34, which letter Tolkien would later call hwesta sindarinwa instead.

hwinya- vb. "to swirl, eddy, gyrate" (SWIN)

hya conj. “or” or noun “other thing” (VT49:14)

hyá adv.? "here by us" (Narqelion, QL:xiv)

hyalin noun “paper” (PE16:133)

Hyallondië, see Hyaralondië

hyalma noun "shell, conch, horn of Ulmo" (SYAL). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, hyalma was also the name of tengwa #33 (VT46:16), which letter Tolkien would later call hyarmen instead.

#hyam- vb. "pray" (aorist hyamë attested, VT43:34)

hyan- vb. “to injure” (PE16:145)

hyana adj. “other”, cf. hya (VT49:14)

hyanda noun "blade, share" (LT2:342)

*hyandë, see hyar-

hyapat noun "shoe" (SKYAP; in the Etymologies as printed in LR the gloss appears as "shore", but according to http://www.elvish.org/errata/VT-Errata.pdf this was a misreading of Tolkien's manuscript)

hyar noun "plough" (LT2:342)

#hyar- vb. "cleave" (1st pers. aorist hyarin "I cleave") (SYAD). Pa.t. probably *hyandë since the R of hyar- was originally D; cf. rer- "sow", pa.t. rendë, from the root RED.

Hyaralondië (also shortened and assimilated Hyallondië) place-name “South-harbourage”, old name for Gondor, in full Turmen Hyallondiéva “Realm of the South-harbourage” (PE17:28). Compare Forolondië.

Hyarastorni place-name, region in Númenor, apparently including hyar- "south" and perhaps orni "trees" (UT:210)

hyárë noun used as adv. (older hyázë) "this day", a form Tolkien apparently abandoned in favour of síra, q.v. (VT43:18)

hyarma noun "left hand" (VT47:6, VT49:12). Compare hyarmaitë, hyarya. Once with definite article directly prefixed (ihyarma, VT49:22), but i hyarma in other versions of the same text.

hyarmaitë adj. "lefthanded" (KHYAR)

hyarmen, Hyarmen noun "south" (SA, SA:men, KHYAR), literally “lefthand-direction” (VT49:12), since the Elves named the directions as they were to a person facing the Blessed Realm in the West Also name of tengwa #33 (Appendix E). In Hyarmendacil masc.name, "South-victor" (Appendix A), apparently also in the place-name Hyarmentir (name of a mountain; the element -tir means *"watch[ing point]".) (SA) Hyarnustar "the Southwestlands" of Númenor; Hyarrostar the "Southeastlands" (UT:165)

hyarmenya adj. "southern" (KHYAR)

hyarna adj. “southern” (PE17:18)

hyarya adj. "left" (opposite of right). (KHYAR). Compare hyarma.

hyatsë noun "cleft, gash" (SYAD), apparently changed by Tolkien from hyassë (VT46:16)

hye noun “other person”, also used as a pronoun of “a 3rd person entering account [who is] not subject of the original verb” (VT49:15). This hye may then also be used as subject to in a following sentence, as in Tolkien’s example “he [se] struck him [hye] and he [hye] fled” (VT49:15).

hyellë noun "glass" (KHYEL(ES), VT45:23; the later source also provides the unglossed form hyelma, which may be a synonym of hyellë; alternatively hyellë could be "glass" as a substance, whereas hyelma rather refers to "a glass" as a drinking vessel). In later sources, cilin or calca is given as the word for "glass".

hyelma, see hyellë

hyóla noun "trump" (SD:419)


i (1) "the", indeclinable definite article (I, Nam, RGEO:67, Markirya, WJ:369, WJ:398, MC:215, 216, 221). A variant in (q.v.) is also attested. Hyphenated i- in i-mar "the earth" (FS), i-Ciryamo "the mariner's" (UT:8), i-aldar *"the trees" (Narqelion), attached with a dot in i·yulmar *"the cups" (VT48:11), I·Eldanyárë "the History of the Elves" (LR:199), i·arya *“the best” (PE17:57), directly prefixed with no hyphen or dot in icilyanna = i cilyanna in SD:247, also ihyarma “the left hand” in VT49:22 (but i hyarma in other versions of the same text).

i (2) relative pronoun "(the one/they) who; (that) which" (both article and relative pronoun in CO: i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa: the One who is above all thrones", i hárar "(they) who are sitting"); cf. also the phrase i hamil mára "(that) which you deem good" (VT42:33). Notice that before a verb, i means "the one who", or, in the case of a plural verb, "those who"; e.g. i carir quettar ómainen "those who form words with voices" (WJ:391). According to VT47:21, i as a relative pronoun is the personal plural form (corresponding to the personal sg. ye and the impersonal sg. ya). This agrees with the example i carir..., but as is evident from the other examples listed above, Tolkien in certain texts also used i as a singular relative pronoun, both personal (Eru i...) and impersonal (i hamil). In the sense of a plural personal relative pronoun, i is also attested in the genitive (ion) and ablative (illon) cases, demonstrating that unlike the indeclinable article i, the relative pronoun i can receive case endings. Both are translated "from whom": ion / illon camnelyes "from whom you received it" (referring to several persons) (VT47:21).