Quettaparma Quenyanna

O (vocative particle) a, e.g. a Eruion "(o) Son of God". –VT44:12, 15; LotR:1017 cf. Letters:308

OAK norno; HAVING MANY OAK-TREES lindornëa –DÓRON, LIN

OATH vérë (bond, troth, compact), vanda (pledge, solemn promise) –WED, UT:317

OBLIGED nauta (bound) –NUT

OBSCURE nulla (dark, dusky) OBSCURITY mordo (shadow, stain, smear, dimness) –NDUL, MOR/VT45:35

OBSERVE – use the word glossed "watch, heed", q.v. Cf. LT1:258.

OCCASION lú (a time) –LU

OCEAN (see SEA) The Great Ocean Alatairë (= Sindarin Belegaer); The Outer Ocean Vai (=Ekkaia?) –AYAR, LT1:271

OCTOBER Narquelië –LotR:1144/1146

ODOUR olmë –ÑOL (the Etymologies as printed in LR gives "holmë", but according to VT46:6, Tolkien later struck out the initial h)

OFF au- (verbal prefix implying motion "away from the speaker or the place of his thought", as in auciri- "cut off, so that a portion is lost or no longer available"), hó- (verbal prefix implying motion away from something, but the point of view is outside the thing left: cf. hóciri- "cut off a required portion, so as to have it or use it") –WJ:365, 366, 368

OFFSPRING #indi (isolated from Valarindi "offspring of the Valar, their children begotten in Arda"). The Quenya term is plural (sg. *indë). –MR:49

OGRE Úvanimo (see MONSTER). CANNIBAL-OGRES Sarquindi (sg #Sarquindë?) –LT1:236 cf. BAN, LT2:347

OIL millo –PE13:139

OINTMENT laivë –LIB

OLD yára (ancient, belonging to or descending from former times); intensive #anyára is attested with a dative ending in the phrase meldenya anyáran *"for my oldest [or, very old] friend" in the Elaine inscription. Other words translated "old": enwina, linyenwa (having many years), (of things:) yerna (worn); OLDEN yárëa, yalúmëa, GET OLD yerya- (wear [out]) –MC:222 cf. 215, YEN, GYER

OMINOUS lumna (lying heavy, burdensome, oppressive) Combined with the superlative prefix an-, this word should appear as *andumna because d was the initial sound of the original root. –DUB

OMNIFICENT ilucara (VT39:20)

OMNIPOTENT iluvala (VT39:20)

OMNISCIENT iluisa (VT39:20)

ON or (so in LT1:256, but in LotR-style Quenya or is always translated "over". Generally, English "on" may be rendered by the locative or the allative case, see UPON.) ON BEHALF OF rá, followed by dative, as in the example rá men "on behalf of us, for us". Dative pronouns may be directly suffixed to rá: "for us" or "on behalf of us" is also attested in the one-word form rámen. (Note: rá is also a noun "lion".) ON THE CONTRARY úsië –VT43:27, 28, 33, VT49:8

ONCE (= at one time in the past) nëa, néya –VT49:31

ONCE UPON A TIME yassë, yalúmessë, yáressë (note: the first of these seems to clash with *yassë "in/on which". Writers should use one of the two alternative forms, or the following:) andanéya, anda né (long ago) –YA, VT49:31

ONE minë, min (obsoleting "Qenya" mir in LT1:260; a short variant min however appears in VT45:34, VT48:6), er (only, one, alone, but, still). A longer form of er, namely erëa, was possibly abandoned by Tolkien (VT44:17). Min, minë is "one" as the first of a series, whereas er is "one" in the context of something that is alone (Parma Eldalamberon #14, p. 82). When used in connection with a noun, er precedes it (VT49:45; according to this souce, er is indeclinable). ONE (= a person, someone) quén, quen- as in pl. queni (unstressed quen, "as a pronoun or final element in a compound"), also mo as an indefinite personal pronoun “one” or “somebody”, used in a sentence like “if one speaks evil…” (VT49:19, 20). THE ONE Eru (see GOD). For fractions ONE THIRD, ONE FOURTH etc., see entries for THIRD, FOURTH etc. –MINI, ERE/VT44:17, VT48:6, WJ:361 cf. 360, Silm:15, 431

ONE-HANDED MAN Ercambo –VT47:7

ONESELF immo (see HIMSELF). –VT49:21

ONLY er (but, still). In later sources, er is rather presented as the numeral “one”. Cf. also eressë (singly, alone, but in Tolkien’s later Quenya used as noun = solitude) –LT1:269, ERE

ONYX nyelecca –PE15:76

OPEN (vb) panta- (unfurl, spread out); OPEN WIDE palu-, palya- (extend); OPEN (adj) panta, láta ("open, not closed", VT41:5); (of land:) latin, latina (free, cleared); OPENING (as abstract) pantië (unfolding, revealing), latya (used as an abstract in the source), OPENING (as concrete) assa (hole, performation, mouth). OPENNESS látië; OPENMOUTHED fauca (thirsty, parched) –PAT, PAL, VT39:23, QL:72, GAS, LAT, VT39:23/VT41:5, PHAU

OPPRESSIVE lumna (lying heavy, burdensome, ominous). Combined with the superlative prefix an-, this word should appear as *andumna because d was the initial sound of the original root. –DUB

OR (conjunction) hya (also used as noun “other thing”), hela; early “Qenya” also had var –VT49:14, QL:100

ORANGE culuina (colour adjective), culuma (fruit) –KUL

ORC (goblin) urco (stem urcu-, pl. urqui) or orco (pl. orqui or orcor, in the former case probably with stem *orcu- throughout). LT1:264 has orc, but word-final rc does not occur in LotR-style Quenya. Here the gloss is "monster, demon". Cf. WJ:390: "In the lore of the Blessed Realm the Q urko naturally seldom occurs, except in tales of the ancient days and the March, and then is vague in meaning, referring to anything that caused fear to the Elves, any dubious shape or shadow, or prowling creature." –ÓROK, LT1:264, WJ:390

ORDAINER Námo (Judge – the name of a Vala) –Silm:411

ORDER (noun) 1) (command) canwa (announcement); 2) (an “order” of people) heren (Heren Istarion "Order of Wizards"). For ORDER as a verb, see COMMAND; there is also the verb vala- (used of the Valar only, as in á vala Manwë "may Manwë order it", Valar valuvar "the will of the Valar will be done", *"the Valar will order [it]". –PM:362, UT:388, WJ:404

ORIENT ambaron (ambarón-), Ambarónë (a similar but untranslated word, Ambaróna, occurs in LotR) –AM², LotR:490

ORIGINATE auta- (invent, devise) –GAWA

ORION Telumehtar ("warrior of the sky", according to WJ:411 an old name, later [MET] evidently replaced by:) Menelmacar ("Swordsman of the Sky") –TEL, WJ:411, LotR:1147 cf. 95

OTHER exë (noun, glossed "the other", but the article may only indicate that this is a noun; likely there could be a distinction between exë "[an]other [one]" and *i exë "the other [one]"), exa (as adj., presumably behaving like other adjectives, e.g. *exa parma "[an]other book", *exë parmar "other books") Another adjective “other” is hyana, related to: OTHER PERSON hye, OTHER THING hya (the latter is also used as a conjunction “or”). –VT47:40, VT49:14, 15

OUR: As described in the entry WE, the 3rd person pl. pronouns distinguish plural forms from dual (depending on whether two or more persons are involved) and exclusive forms from inclusive (depending on whether the party addressed is included in “we/our”). Tolkien revised the relevant endings repeatedly. According to one late resolution described in VT49:16, the endings for exclusive “our” are –lma in the plural and –mma as a dual form, hence *aldalma “our tree” (with an “our” of at least three persons, not including the party addressed), but *aldamma “our tree = my and one other person’s tree”. The corresponding inclusive forms are –lwa (plural) and –ngwa (dual). Since the subject ending corresponding to the former is attested as “-lwe, –lve” (VT49:51), –lwa can surely also appear as *-lva, as in *omentielva “our meeting” (attested in the genitive case: omentielvo “of our meeting”, WJ:367). Hence *aldalwa/aldalva “our tree” (an “our” of at least three persons, including the party addressed), dual *aldangwa “our tree = thy and my tree”. – An independent word for plural exclusive "our" appears in VT43:19, 35: menya (also menyë modifying a plural noun). The corresponding plural inclusive form should apparently be *venya (pl. *venyë) for archaic *wenya (pl. wenyai > wenyë). The dual forms would most likely be *mentya (excl.) and *ventya (incl.); compare me, we/ve as the independent pronouns for “we” (with dual forms met, wet/*vet and dative forms *ment, * went/vent, from which the independent possessive pronouns are apparently derived by adding the adjectival ending -ya). – Notice that in an earlier conceptual phase, the forms in –mm- were plural (not as later dual) inclusive, and the forms in –lm- were plural inclusive rather than exclusive. This is why the word translated “of our meeting” appeared as omentielmo in the first edition of LotR, but was changed to omentielvo in the Second Edition. Cf. also Átaremma “our Father” as the first word of Tolkien’s translation of the Lord’s Prayer (VT43:12); this “our” is obviously meant to be plural exclusive rather than dual as it later became (according to Tolkien’s later conventions, “our Father” would be *Átarelma when a group of three or more persons addresses a party not included in “our”, in this case the Father himself).

OURSELVES (reflexive pronoun) immë (apparently exclusive "ourselves"), inwë (apparently inclusive "ourselves") –VT47:37

OUT et- (prefix) (forth), OUT OF et (followed by ablative); HE IS OUT arsë –ET, LotR:1003/VT45:13/VT47:35, VT49:23

OUTCAST hecil (gender-spesific forms are hecilo m. and hecilë f.) (one lost or forsaken by friends, waif, outlaw) –WJ:365

OUTER, OUTERMOST erúmëa –LT1:262

OUTER LANDS Entar, Entarda (Middle-earth, East, Thither Lands [as seen from Valinor]), ettelë (the word is not capitalized and seems to be sg) (foreign parts); OUTER OCEAN Vai (= Ekkaia?) –ET, LT1:271

OUTLAW hecil (gender-spesific forms are hecilo m. and hecilë f.) (one lost or forsaken by friends, waif, outcast) –WJ:365

OUTSIDE (prepositions:) ara (beside), ava (beyond), (nouns:) ettë, etsë; (prefix:) ar- (e.g. Araman "outside Aman") –AR²; AWA, ET, Silm:428, VT45:13

OVEN urna –LT1:271

OVER or. With reference to movement over something (hence in effect *“across”), Tolkien considered the form olla “over” (= beyond, of things passed over, as in “I went over a river” or “they went over the hill”) –PE17:65