Qxpiv May, 2007 By Shabbir Ahmed, M. D., Florida Chief Adviser and Editor: Hossein Kowsari, California Reviewed by: Abdullah Ali Bashoeb, Hijaz

Surah 13. Ar-Ra’d – The Thunder

[Author's Note] This is the 13th Surah of the Qur’an. It has 43 verses. 13:13 indicates thunder being an angel of God. And a reported saying of the exalted Messenger emphasizes this fact. Yet, under the Biblical influence most Muslims think of angels only as winged creatures flying across the Universe. The Qur’an, in all compassion, does not expect us to know the exact nature of all what is beyond the present state of our mind. For example, we believe according to the Book of God that His verses were conveyed to the prophets' hearts, through the angels of Revelation. How exactly this process took place, then carries little significance. In general, the Qur’an describes ‘angels’ as God’s physical laws and forces operative in the Universe.

(“The real existence on earth is of the one who benefits humanity.” 13:17)

With the Glorious Name of Allah, the Instant and Sustaining Source of all Mercy and Kindness

13:1 A.L.M.R. Alif–Laam-Meem-Ra. (Allah, Lateef the Unfathomable, Majeed the Magnificent, Raaziq the Provider, states that), These are the verses of the Divine Writ, the Scripture. That which is revealed to you (O Prophet) from your Sustainer is the Truth. Yet most people do not believe in it.

13:2 God it is Who raised the heavens without pillars visible to you. Then, upon the Throne of His Almightiness, He assumed Supreme Control of the entire Universe. He committed the sun and the moon to be of service, each running to an appointed term. He keeps Order in the Universe and He explains His messages in detail, so that you may be sure of meeting with your Lord.

[Studying the Book of Nature will bring mankind closer to their Lord. Until recently, the sun was thought to be stationary, but today we know that the sun, along with Solar System, is moving toward the "Constellation of Hercules," also known as the "Solar Apex", at a speed of 12 miles per second, 43,200 miles per hour. 36:38]

13:3 And He it is Who has spread the earth wide and placed therein mountains firm like pegs, and flowing streams. And He created thereon couples of every kind of plants (and their fruit). He causes the night to cover the day. Surely, in all this there are signs for people who think! [Plants have male and female flowers, and some trees like the date-palm are unisexual, male and female]

13:4 And, on earth are many lots and tracts of land in proximity, yet widely differing from one another in composition and quality. On it, there are vineyards, and fields of grain, date and palm-trees, growing in clusters or standing alone. All of them are watered by the same water and yet, We have made some of them excel others in fruit. Indeed, in all this there are messages for people who use sense.

13:5 If you wonder, then wondrous is their saying, "What! After we have become dust, shall we indeed be restored to life in a new act of creation?" It is they who are bent upon denying their Sustainer. As a result, it is they who carry the shackles of their own making around their necks. And it is they who are destined for the Fire, therein to abide.

13:6 (Instead of reflecting on the Message), they challenge you (O Prophet) to hasten the disaster, rather than doing acts of benevolence. Sufficient precedents have been set for them in the past. Indeed your Lord is full of forgiveness for people, despite their transgressions. Remember, your Lord is also Strict in retribution! [He has designed the Law of Respite, the interim period when people can safely mend their ways]

13:7 Those who deny the Truth keep saying, "Why has no miracle ever been bestowed upon him from his Lord?" But you (O Prophet) are truly a warner, and to every nation a guide.

[The Perfect Divine Guidance through the Prophet shall be preserved in the form of the Qur’an for all times and all people 6:34, 6:91, 6:116, 10:64, 15:9 18:27, 41:53, 75:16-19. And his prime duty is to counsel mankind that false systems of life only end up in disaster]

13:8 God knows what any female bears, and what decrease or increase takes place in the womb. Everything has a due measure with Him.

[God’s Guidance is a Mercy to humanity. You may liken it to the nourishment of the embryo in the evolving environment of the womb. The embryo lodges in security and its needs are met in a timely fashion and in perfect balance. Then it comes to the world ready to thrive. This is how the Divine System, when established in a society, nourishes the individual]

13:9 He has perfect knowledge of the visible and the invisible. He is the Great, Most High.

13:10 It is all alike to Him whether any of you conceals his thoughts or declares them, and whether he seeks to hide under the cover of night or walks boldly in the light of day.

13:11 Each person has Divine Laws surrounding him. They record his actions according to the Command of God. Most certainly, God does not change the condition of a nation until they first change themselves. And when God intends a nation to suffer punishment (as a consequence of their misdeeds), there is none who can repel it. For, they have no defender besides Him.

[8:53, 82:10-14. Hifz = Preserve = Save = Record = Guard. Ma bi anfusihim = What is in themselves = What is in their own ‘selves’ = What is in their hearts = Their psyche = Their way of thinking = Their intentions = Their will to change = Their innate ‘self’]

13:12 He it is Who displays before you the lightning, to cause fear and hope, and initiates heavy clouds. [Similarly, the Light of Guidance brings to you the warning and a good tiding]

13:13 And the thunder and the (other) angels strive to glorify Him by carrying out their duties in awe of Him. And He it is Whose physical Laws let loose the thunderbolt to strike the earth. And yet they stubbornly argue about God (and fall for superstitions). Though Awesome He is in Power!

13:14 Calling upon Him is the True calling. Those unto whom they call besides God, cannot respond to them at all. Thus, they are like the one who stretches forth his two palms towards water hoping for it to reach his mouth from distance, and it will never reach. Likewise, the calling of those who are oblivious to Divine Laws is misdirected. [4:123]

13:15 And before God bow, willingly or unwillingly, all beings that are in the heavens and earth, as do their shadows in the mornings and evenings. [3:82, 41:11]

13:16 Ask them, "Who is the Sustainer of the heavens and earth?” Say, “It is God!” (23:84-90, 29:21-23). Then ask, “Why then, do you take as protectors besides Him those who have neither benefit, nor harm even for themselves?” (When you acknowledge Him as God of the heavens, what stops you from acknowledging Him as God of the earth, and thus, as the Law-giving Authority? (6:3, 21:21-22, 43:84). Say, “Is the blind of reason equal to the seer, or is darkness equal to light?” (11:24, 35:19). Have their so-called partners of God created something like He has created, so that this act of creation appears to them to be similar? Say, “God is the Creator of all things. He is the One, Dominating.”

13:17 He sends down water from the height causing the riverbeds to flow according to their measure and the flood bears on its surface swelling foam. And, when they use fire to refine metals for their jewelry or equipment, foam is produced like it. In this way, God is citing for you the example of the Truth and Falsehood. For, as far as the foam is concerned, it passes away as scum upon the riverbanks - While what is of benefit to mankind, abides on earth. This is how God uses analogies for you to understand. [The real existence on earth is of the person or the system that benefits humanity]

13:18 For those who respond to their Sustainer’s call, is a state of Bliss. And those who do not respond to Him, even if they had all the treasures of the world and more like it, they would readily give it as ransom. But, a terrible reckoning awaits them, and Hell will be their abode. What a miserable bed to lie on!

13:19 Is, he then, who knows that what has been revealed to you (O Prophet) is the Truth from your Sustainer, like him who chooses to remain blind? Only those who develop their insight will bear this in mind.

13:20 Those who are true to their bond with God (in their allegiance to the Divine System), keep their pledge with God and with people,

13:21 Build bridges of goodwill between people, and strengthen ties of human relationships as God has commanded, and stand in awe of their Sustainer. (not relegating His Commands to others’ utterances), and fear the eventuality of a tough accountability,

13:22 They persevere in the face of adversities on way to seeking the Approval of their Sustainer, help establish and consolidate the Divine System, and uphold the Permanent Values, spend on others of the provision We have given them, in secret and in public, and they counter harshness with kind manners. These are the ones who will find fulfillment in the Eternal Home. [2:27]

13:23 They will enter the Gardens of Eden, along with all who are righteous, of their parents, spouses and children. Angels will greet them at every gate.

13:24 Saying, "Peace be upon you, since you remained steadfast in your commitment! Oh, what an excellent final home!"

13:25 But those who broke the pledge with God after ratifying it, and cut asunder what God has commanded to be joined (13:20-21), and spread corruption and disorder on earth, their due is (God’s) rejection. And theirs is the terrible Home!

13:26 God grants abundant provision, or gives it in scant measure according to His Laws (17:18-21) And they (rejecters of the Permanent Values) rejoice in the life of this world alone (without investing in the Eternity) But the life of this world is a fleeting pleasure compared with the Hereafter (2:200-201)

13:27 (These Laws are unwavering.) Now those who are bent upon denying the Truth say, “Why has no miracle ever been bestowed upon him from his Lord?” Say, “People go astray according to God’s Laws, and attain Guidance according to His Laws. (Man has been endowed with free will and there is no compulsion or coercion in Religion, whether physical, emotional or intellectual.) [2:256, 4:88, 12:108]

13:28 Those who attain faith through reason, their hearts find rest in the practical remembrance of God, that is, in following His Commands. For, certainly, remembering God (by following His Commands) ensures tranquility in the hearts.

13:29 The abode of Bliss is guaranteed to those who accept the Message and fulfill the needs of others. [3:13]

13:30 (O Messenger) We have sent you as We sent the messengers before you so that you convey to them what We reveal to you, for in their ignorance, they deny the Most Gracious. Say, “He is my Lord, there is no deity except Him. In Him I put my trust and to Him is my recourse.”

13:31 Our Law precludes the possibility that a Lecture would move the mountains, tear the earth asunder, or make the dead speak. Nay, all Decrees belong to God. Do not the believers know that if God had willed, He could have guided all mankind (by not giving them free will)? As for the rejecters of the Divine Laws, disasters will not cease to strike them for their deeds, even close to their homes until the Promise of God comes to pass. Surely, God never fails in His Promise.

[Mankind will keep devising various political and socio-economic systems in search for the best. Those systems will keep collapsing and they will keep suffering far and close to their homes. Then, ultimately, they will realize that the Qur’an offers the solutions to all the problems humanity might be facing at any given time. 9:31-33, 10:100, 13:31,14:48, 18:48, 41:53, 48:28, 51:20-21, 61:9. The Qur’an is intended to move hearts, not mountains 6:7, 6:25, 6:112, 15:14-15, 17:90-93]

13:32 And certainly, messengers were mocked before you, but I gave the rejecters plenty of Respite. At length I seized them, and how awesome was My Requital!

13:33 Is there anyone equal to the One Who stands witness over every being and knows all that it does? Yet, they ascribe partners to God. Say, “Name them! Are you educating Him about something that He does not know on earth? Or, is it a mere show of words?” Nay, whatever the unbelievers contrive seems fair to them. They are thus diverted from the right path. Whomever God leaves to stray (for violating the Laws of Guidance), for him there is no guide. [4:88]

13:34 For them is torment in the life of this world, and certainly the doom of the life to come is harder, and they will have no defender against God.

13:35 The similitude of the Garden which is promised for the righteous, is flowing streams beneath, its fruit everlasting, and cool shades (14:25, 47:15). This is the reward of the righteous, while the reward of the rejecters is the Fire.

13:36 Hence, they to whom We have given the Book, rejoice in what is revealed to you (O Prophet). But, among the (dissenting) groups, there are those who deny a part of it. Say, “I am commanded only that I serve God and associate none with Him. Unto Him I invite all mankind, and He is my goal.” [The dissenting groups even preach that some of the verses are abrogated or that they have a hidden meaning!]

13:37 Thus, We have revealed it, a Decisive Authority in Arabic. (O Prophet) indeed if you got influenced by people’s likes and dislikes after the knowledge has come to you, you will have no protector or defender against God.

13:38 And certainly We sent messengers before you, and We appointed for them wives and children as well. It was not given to any Messenger that he could bring a sign (the requital they hastened for), but it came according to God’s Law of Respite. For every rise and for every fall, there is a Written Law. [7:34. All messengers were mortal human beings and they conveyed God's Revelation as commanded. Please note that all of them had wives and children, and think of Jesus!]

13:39 God blots out and establishes communities according to His Laws. Nations rise and fall accordingly, and with Him is the Ultimate Decree.

13:40 (O Messenger) Whether We show you what We promise them, or cause you to die before that, your duty is to convey the Message. And the reckoning is Ours.

13:41 Do not they see that every day on earth brings them closer to the end? For, when God judges, there is no power that could repel His Judgment. And Swift in reckoning He is!

13:42 Now those who lived before these people, also devised schemes, but the most Subtle devising is that of God. He knows what every ‘self’ earns. The rejecters will soon find out as to whom belongs the Future.

13:43 The disbelievers say, “You have not been sent (by God).” Say, "None can bear witness between me and you as God does; and then, none can bear witness as the one who truly understands this Book by way of reason.” [God will soon prove me true]

Surah 14. Ibraheem – Abraham

[Author’s Note] This is the 14th Surah of the Qur’an. It has 52 verses. Prophet Abraham lived around 1800 BC in Ur, Babylon (Mesopotamia, now Iraq), Can’aan (Palestine), and later in Makkah. He is the ancestor of Jews, and Arabs, and ideologically, of all Christians and Muslims. Isaac was his son from Sarah, and Ishmael (Ismail) was his son from Hagar (Hajirah) From his son Isaac descended Jacob (Israel) and the Children of Israel. Through his other son, Ishmael descended the Arabs and God’s last Messenger, Muhammad, the exalted.

Abraham's father Azar, as the Chief Priest, was the most powerful man in Babylon, next only to the King. As the progeny of Azar, Abraham and Ishmael were entitled to the luxurious and powerful office of the Chief Priesthood in the court of King Nimrod. But they sacrificed all temptation in order to follow the Commands of God and strove to establish True Monotheism wherever they lived.

[Footnote: Midyan was the name of Prophet Abraham's son from his third wife, Qatoora. His progeny had settled in the Arabian Peninsula as well, and Prophet Shoaib (Jethro) was sent to the Midyans during the times of Moses]

With the Glorious Name of Allah, the Instant and Sustaining Source of all Mercy and Kindness

14:1 A.L.R. Alif–Laam–Ra (Allah, Lateef the Unfathomable, Raaziq the Provider, states that), A Divine Writ is this that We have revealed to you (O Prophet) So that you may bring forth all mankind, by their Sustainer’s leave, out of darkness into Light. On to the Way that leads to the Almighty, the Owner of all Praise. [14:5, 33:43]

14:2 God to Whom belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on earth. Therefore, those who reject His Guidance, incur an awful retribution. [His Commands must govern your social order as they govern the Universe]

14:3 They choose the life of this world as the sole object of their love, preferring it to the life to come, and debar people from the Path of God. They try to make the Straight Path crooked. They have indeed strayed far away! [They oppose reform in order to protect their selfish interests]

14:4 We never sent a Messenger who did not speak the language of his people, so that he might make the Message clear to them. People go astray or attain Guidance according to God’s Laws (4:88) He is Almighty, Wise.

14:5 (Moses spoke the language of his people.) We sent him with Our messages, saying, "Bring your people from darkness to Light and remind them of the days of God. Surely, there are lessons in the history of nations for those who are steadfast in their resolve to rise as a community and wish that their efforts be fruitful.”

[The Days of God = When people follow His Guidance. Shukr or gratefulness is not just the verbal proclamation of 'Thank God!' It pertains to sharing the God-given bounties with others]

14:6 And, Moses spoke thus to his people, “Remember God's Blessing upon you when He saved you from Pharaoh’s people. They used to persecute you, and were killing your sons and sparing your women. From your Lord's Law of Requital that was a tremendous hardship on you."

14:7 Your Lord proclaimed, “If you are grateful (establishing a system where everyone equitably receives the Divine Bounties), I will give you more. But if you show ingratitude, remember that My retribution is strict.”

14:8 And Moses said, “If you disbelieve and show ingratitude, you and all on earth together, yet God is indeed Self-Sufficient, Owner of all Praise.”

14:9 “Has not the history of the previous nations reached you? The history of the People of Noah and ‘Aad and Thamud? And of those who came after them? None knows them but God. To them came their messengers with clear evidence of the Truth. But they put their hands on their mouths and said, “Look! We reject what you are sent with. We are in great doubt concerning your call.”

14:10 Their messengers said, "Can there be any doubt about God, the Initiator of the Highs and the Lows? He only calls you that He may grant you the protection of His forgiveness, to save you from trailing behind in humanity and to sustain your community for a long time." They said, "You are but mortals like us! You want us to turn away from the way our ancestors used to worship. Then bring us a convincing miracle?"

[God is far too Glorious from feeling offended by idol worship in any form. But submitting to false deities and 'authorities' is the root cause of inequities in any society, such as superstition, exploitation, ritualism and division of humanity into castes and sects, and the resulting violation of human rights. That is why all messengers of God began their mission by calling people to the worship and obedience of the One True God]

14:11 Without exception their messengers said to them, "Yes, we are human beings like you. God gives His Grace of Revelation to whom He chooses among His servants. It is not for us to bring you an Authority except as God permits. And in Allah all believers put their trust.

14:12 “Why should we not put our trust in God? Even in the face of your persecution, we walk the path shown to us, with uncompromising resolve. All those who wish to entrust the results of their actions with someone, must put their ultimate trust in God." [Trust in God is, in fact, trusting in the permanence of His Laws]

14:13 The rejecters resorted to threatening the messengers, “We will banish you from our land unless you join our religion.” Then their Lord revealed to them, “Surely, Our Law of Requital will bring low those who try to displace Truth with falsehood and insist on running oppressive systems.”

14:14 “And certainly We will establish you in the land after them. This reward is for those who recognize My Majesty and My Warning, and thus respect the Permanent Values given by Me.”

14:15 The messengers earnestly sought help from their Lord, and every stubborn tyrant ended up frustrated.

14:16 Behind every stubborn tyrant, the enemy of Truth, is the Hell of his own making and before him is the drink of distress. [Such people hinder their own development and forfeit inner peace in this life as well. 47:15]

14:17 How difficult it is to swallow the bitterness of self-imposed failure! A life unlived, a mere survival, neither living nor dead! What a heavy retribution! [20:74, 87:13]

14:18 Here is a similitude. The works of those who live rejecting the Permanent Values of their Lord are like ashes that the wind blows away on a stormy day. They have no power whatsoever over what they earn. (They gain nothing for their deeds.) Such is the farthest straying. [13:17, 14:24-26]

14:19 Have you not realized that God has created the heavens and the earth with a sublime Purpose? If He wills, He can do away with you and bring a new creation. [4:133, 7:146, 9:39, 47:38]

14:20 This is not at all difficult for God.

14:21 All mankind will appear before God. Then the ones who had disabled their minds with blind following will say to their ‘self-glorified’ leaders, "We used to follow you. Can you divert some of the requital from us?" The leaders will respond, "If God had guided us, we would have guided you. Ah, it is too late! Now it makes no difference whether we panic in grief or try to bear it in patience, there is no escape for us." [It is noteworthy here that Satan had brought the same argument that his Lord sent him astray. 7:16]

14:22 Satan (their selfish desires) will disown them after the Judgment has been issued, "Verily God promised you a true promise; and I promised you and failed you. And I had no power over you except that I called unto you and you obeyed me. So blame me not, blame yourselves. Neither can I help you, nor can you help me. I refuse to accept that you worshiped me ever." Surely, for those who displace trust with betrayal is a painful doom.

14:23 And those who attained belief and increased human potential, will be admitted to the Gardens underneath which rivers flow, therein abiding by their Lord’s Leave. Their greeting therein is, “Peace!”

14:24 Do you not observe how God cites an example of a Noble Ideology as a goodly tree, firmly rooted and its branches swinging high in the heaven? [This Ideology ensures blessings in both lives. Kalimatan Tayyebah = There is no god but God and Muhammad is His Messenger = Goodly Word = Noble Ideology = Ordained System of Life. 35:10]

14:25 The tree of this Ideology bears fruit in all seasons by Leave of its Lord. God gives examples to humans that they may reflect.

14:26 And the example of an evil ideology is that of a bad tree that gets easily uprooted from the surface of the earth, and it has no stability. [It is neither firmly rooted, nor reaches any heights]

14:27 God strengthens those who believe, with the Word that stands firm, in the life of this world and in the Hereafter. But God leaves to stray, those who displace Truth with falsehood. God does everything according to His Laws. [Word = Divine Ideology]

14:28 Have you not seen those who respond to God’s blessings with ingratitude and lead their people to an abode of utter loss?

14:29 It is Hell to burn them. What a miserable end! [They show ingratitude by holding on to God’s blessings for themselves, and exhort their people to do the same]

14:30 They set up rivals to God that they may mislead people from His Path. (They take the clergy as their authorities instead of the Word of God, thus setting up ‘rivals’ to Him.) Tell them, "Enjoy life while you may, for your sure destination is the Fire.”

14:31 (O Prophet) "Tell My servants to establish and consolidate the Divine System and spend of the provision We have given them, on others, secretly and publicly, before a Day comes wherein there shall be no trading of deeds nor friendship be of avail.” [2:254]

14:32 (Think of the Source of your wealth and provision!) God it is Who has created the heavens and the earth, and sends down water from the sky, thereby producing fruit and vegetation as provision for you. And He makes ships and boats to be of service to you that they sail in the sea by His Command, and has made of service to you the rivers.

14:33 And made the sun and the moon, both of them constant on their courses - And committed the night and the day to serve you.

14:34 And He gives you all that you would be asking Him for. If you count the blessings of God’s provision never will you be able to enumerate them. Indeed, the human being is persistent in wrongdoing, stubbornly ingrate. [55:29]

14:35 Recall that Abraham said, “My Lord! Make this a peaceful land and protect me and my children from worshiping idols in any form.” [2:125]

14:36 “My Lord! They (the keepers of these idols and temples) mislead a great many people. Whoever follows me, will be of me. Any who rebels against me, well, You are Forgiving, Merciful.” [11:15. Relationships would stand on Ideology. 2:124, 60:4]

14:37 “Our Lord! I have settled some of my family in this barren valley without cultivation, by your Sacred House. Our Lord! They are here to establish the Divine System. Give them the nobility of character so that the hearts of people incline toward them. Provide for them with your blessings so that they may focus on their Mission and show gratitude (by sharing the bounties).”

14:38 “Our Lord! You know our intentions and proclamations. Nothing is hidden from God in the Low and High.”

14:39 “All Praise to God Who has given me sons like Ishmael and Isaac in later age! My Lord is indeed the Hearer of prayer.”

14:40 “My Lord! Make me and my children establish the Divine System. Our Lord! Accept my prayer.”

14:41 Our Lord! Grant the shelter of forgiveness to me, my parents, and the believers on the Day when the final reckoning comes to pass.” [9:114]

14:42 Do not think that God is unaware of what the wrongdoers are doing. He but gives them respite. They will stare in horror on the Day when all their deeds will reach their logical conclusion.

14:43 As they rush to and fro with their faces looking upwards, their eyes will not even blink, and their hearts will be horrified.

14:44 So, warn mankind of the Day when the suffering may befall them, and the wrongdoers will say, "Our Lord! Give us a little time. We will answer Your Call and follow the messengers.” (They will be told), "What! Did you not use to swear in the past that there would never be a decline for you?"

14:45 “You dwelled in the homes and towns where people before you had dwelt and wronged themselves oppressing the weak. And you were made well aware of how Our Law of Requital dealt with them. And We gave you plenty of examples.”

14:46 Their schemes, all recorded with God, were strong enough to intimidate the strongest of resolves. But, since their schemes were pitched against the Divine Laws, they utterly failed.

14:47 Never think that God could ever fail to keep His Promise to His messengers. Surely, God is Mighty, the Lord of just requital.

14:48 The Day will come when this earth will be replaced with a new earth, and the heavens too will be changed, and they will come forth unto God, the One, the Dominating.

[And before that, as the caravan of humanity journeys forward, people will witness a total metamorphosis in their political and social systems, a brand new environment where the Universal Law of the One Mighty, Dominating God will prevail. 9:31-33, 13:31,14:48, 18:48, 41:53, 48:28, 51:20-21, 61:9]

14:49 And even before the Day of Resurrection, the Divine System will be established on earth and the guilty will not be able to commit bloody crimes on earth, nor will they be able to steal the fruit of the toil of others. They will be effectively immobilized.

14:50 They will be drenched in the flames of their own igniting, feeling as if the coal tar is stuck on their whole existence.

14:51 Justice will be swift in the Divine Order, so that everyone is paid a quick recompense and peace remains undisturbed. God is Swift at reckoning.

14:52 This is a clear Message for all mankind in order that they may be warned thereby, and that they may know that He is One God. Let those endowed with insight take this to heart.

[Danger signs have been posted on the highway of life as the caravan of humanity moves along to the Noble goal of Peace. God is the Sustainer and Cherisher of all humanity and His Law is Supreme (1:1, 114:1). Men and women of understanding and discernment, and those of history, anthropology, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and those in positions of Authority must pay heed to what their Lord is telling them. 9:31-33, 14:48, 18:48, 48:28, 61:9]