Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
HA-103 QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
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HA-103 QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
HA 104- ACCOUNTING FOR HEALTHCARE
Second Semester HA-201 EPIDEMIOLOGY, PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION & MEDICAL ETHICS OBJECTIVE: To create understanding about health environment of the country, the development of health services in India, and other essential health issues faced and their effect on formation of health policies for the country. Chapter 1: Introduction, History of medicine - Modern Medicines - Changing concepts in public health – Medical evolution – healthcare revolution – Concept of health and disease – Principles of disease transmission & disease control. 4 hours
Vital Statistics – Principles of epidemiological studies and epidemiological methods – Types of epidemiological studies, interpreting epidemiological data, surveillance, monitoring, notifiable diseases, International classification of Diseases (ICD), Death certification. 8 hours
Need & demand for healthcare – Role of different healthcare institutions from grass root levels to specialty levels, Indigenous system of medicine – Role of healthcare institutions, primary healthcare, healthcare organization – National Health Programmes 8 hours
Community involvement & participation, community Health Programmes, Community diagnosis – Allocation of resources in Five Year Plans and other health programmes – Maternal & Child Health, Family welfare – Occupational Health – Environmental Health – Genetics – Geriatric Health – Nutrition and health – Mental Health. 10 hours Chapter 5: Health Education – Principles: Methods, Materials – Communication for health education: Mass Media, Mass Communication – Health Planning and management – Health Policy – Health Committees. 10 hours Chapter 6: Healthcare System – International Health Problems. 04 hours Chapter 7: Medical Ethics- basic issues, importance, process of developing and implementing ethics and values in an institution – Learning Medical Ethics – Codes of Conduct: Hippocrates Oath & Declaration of Geneva – MCI Regulations (Professional conduct etiquette and ethics) 5 hours Chapter 8: Confidentiality and professional secrecy – Irrational drug therapy – defensive medicine – Ethics of trust vs ethics of rights- autonomy and informed consent – Understanding of patient rights – Universal accessibility – Equity and Social justice – human dignity. 5 hours
Chapter 9: Care of terminally ill: Euthanasia – Distributive justice in health care - Alternate medicine: Spiritual dimensions of healthcare, Holistic approaches to healthcare – ethics in organ transplantation, HIV/AIDS, Genetics, Human Experimentation, Clinical Trials. 6 hours
TOTAL 60 Hours NOTE: Relevant case studies in healthcare should be taken up for discussion in the class. Books recommended:
7. Francis C M – Medical Ethics – Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi HA 202- FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE OBJECTIVE: It is to equip the students with the issues and scope of FM and its utility as an indispensable part of administration and quality control in healthcare. Chapter 1: Financial Management- nature, scope, functions, goals – Organising Finance Functions-Risk and Return-Trade off – Time Value of Money – Sources of finance: an overview. 15 hour
Financial and profit planning- objectives- essentials – types of budgets and budget administration – capital structure and Capital Budgeting – Investment Decisions and Evaluations – Net present value and internal rate of return(IRR) 15 Hours Chapter 3: Cash Management – Cash forecasting- cash budgets – investing surplus cash – accounts receivables management – credit policy – credit evaluation – control of receivables – inventory management. 10 Hours Chapter 4: Short term and long term financing – issue of shares, debentures and bonds – Lease financing – Other modes of financing – Financial Information System 10 Hours
Strategic Financing decisions – Management of earnings – Financial Engineering – Investors selection – financial restructuring – Emerging trends in Health care Finance. 10 Hours TOTAL 60 Hours NOTE: Relevant case studies in healthcare should be taken up for discussion in the class. Recommended Books
HA-203 HEALTH ECONOMICS OBJECTIVE: To provide understanding of basic economics theories and thoughts, nature and significance of fundamental macro economics and micro economics principles and its application to health care. Chapter 1 Basic economic theories – Nature and significance of fundamental macro economic and micro economic principles. 6 Hours
Analysis of demand and supply – Utility Approach to consumer’s behaviour – The law of diminishing marginal utility – The law of equi-marginal utility – Indifference Curve Analysis – Elasticity of Demand – Types – Degrees of price elasticity of demand – Elasticity of supply 10 Hours [
Marginal principal in economic action – Cost – Increasing returns – Theory of firm – Price fixation – Role of supply and demand – The time element in economic theory – The concept of normal profit - Market Structure – Perfect Competition – Imperfect Competition – Monopoly – Duopoly – Oligopoly – Monopolistic Competition – Economics of bulk purchase 15 Hours Chapter 4 National Income – Concepts of National Income – Gross National Product – Net National Product – PDI – Per Capita Income – National Income at factor price and market price – Circular flow – Measurement and difficulties in the measurement of National Income 12 Hours
Chapter 5 Theory of distribution – Principles of substitution – Marginal productivity – Wages – Rent - Interest and Profit – Business Economics 07 Hours Chapter 6 Health Economics – Understanding of welfare economics – Expenditure on health as investment – Advanced Micro economics – Applied Micro economics – Macro economic theory and policy – Cost Benefit Analysis 10 Hours
List of References:
HA 204: MATERIALS MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE OBJECTIVES: To get students acquainted with the principles, policies and procedures for material management, also to understand the nature & scope of materials management. Chapter 1: Introduction to material management & stores management: definition, basic scope and importance of Materials Management – Materials Planning 8 Hours
Procurement Procedure- Registration of firms – Tender System – Vendor analysis -Purchasing & Purchase Cycle, functions of purchase department, Committee: Purchase, selection and Audit – Receipt & Inspection of Stores – Asset Accounting. 16 Hours
Inventory control: meaning, scope & definition, inventory control techniques – EOQ, safety stock, Lead Time, ABC analysis, VED Analysis - Distribution, codification & classification – standardization and simplification & variety reduction – Quality Control – Value Analysis 16 Hours
Condemnation & Disposal, Condemning board, Stock outs of Hospital stores, pilferage, preservation of stores – Stores documentation – Role of computers in stores management – stock verification- perpetual inventory system 10 Hours Chapter 5: Hospital equipment planning and selection – purchasing capital equipment – feasibility study – import of goods and equipments- documentation & clearance – letter of credit – hospital equipment repair and maintenance- recent trends in hospital stores management. 10 Hours
NOTE: Relevant case studies in healthcare should be taken up for discussion in the class. Books recommended:
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION Theory: - There shall be four papers of 3 hrs duration, carrying 100 marks each. MHA Second semester (Theory) THEORY EXAMINATION Duration : 3 Hrs Max Marks:100 Distribution of Marks
Paper wise questions HA-201 EPIDEMIOLOGY, PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION & MEDICAL ETHICS
HA 202- FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE
HA-203 HEALTH ECONOMICS
HA 204: MATERIALS MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE
Third Semester HA- 301 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE OBJECTIVE: To provide understanding of the concepts, principles & practices of human resource management & to appreciate the need for systematic approach to people management. Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Resource Management, changing environment of Human Resource Management – Organisation of Human Resource Department, image & qualities of Human Resource/ Personnel Manager, Personnel Policies & Principles- Human Resource Development: Interventions- managerial Effectiveness 05 Hours
Human Resource Planning: Meaning & definition, importance, factors affecting, barriers, forecasting – Job Analysis & Design: nature, methods of collecting information, job description, job specification, factors affecting job design, techniques of job design – Recruitment & Selection; Meaning, definition, purpose and importance, factors governing, process, barriers, sources of recruitment, selection techniques, testing and interviews. 10 Hours Chapter 3: Orientation: Orientation programme, problems in orientation, need, socialization - Training: Nature, analyzing training need, Need for Training, Training Process, Impediments to effective training, evaluating the training effort, training methods, Development. 10 Hours
Chapter 4: Performance Appraisal: Definition, Importance, Need to appraise, Process, Appraisal Methods: Past Oriented and Future Oriented, Appraisal Interview, Errors in Appraisal, Competency Mapping, Job Evaluation – Employee & Executive remuneration & Compensation: Components of remuneration, Influences on pay determination, Devising a remuneration plan, challenges affecting remuneration, Wage policy in India- Incentives, developing effective incentive plans, Types of incentive schemes – Benefits & Services: Meaning & definition, types, principles of fringe benefits, insurance, medical, retirement benefits. 15 Hours Chapter 5: Employee Welfare: Meanings & Definitions, Merits & demerits, Types of welfare activities, Approaches – Safety & Health: types of accidents, what causes accidents, how to prevent accidents, Need for safety, Employee Health(physical & mental) - Problem & Remedies, Job Stress – Promotions Transfers and Separations. 10 Hours
Chapter 6: Participative Management: Concept, Determinants, schemes – Discipline; Process, issue of charge sheet, consideration of explanation, Notice of enquiry, Suspension, Enquiry, Punishment - Collective Bargaining: Concept & Meaning, Prerequisites, Process, Types, Advantages & Disadvantages – Grievance Settlement: Nature, Process, Causes of Grievance. 10 Hours TOTAL 60 Hours NOTE: Relevant case studies in healthcare should be taken up for discussion in the class. Recommended books:
HA 302 - Marketing Management in Healthcare Industry OBJECTIVE: To introduce marketing and public relations concepts and their relevance to health administrators and to sensitize health administrators regarding the application of marketing and public relations. Chapter 1: Introduction to Marketing: Meaning, approaches to marketing, functions and concepts – Components of Marketing 10 Hours Chapter 2: Marketing Mix: Meaning and dimensions of product mix, promotion mix, price mix and place mix - Market Measurement & Forecasting. Marketing Planning and Control - Marketing strategies - Packaging of Services with comprehensive payment. 20Hours Chapter 3: Marketing Management: Meaning, process, customer satisfaction and delight. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Health Insurance Schemes and Third Party Administrators (TPA’s) – Medical Tourism. 10 Hours
Marketing of Services: Characteristics of services, goods and services, service quality and delivery, expectations management. 15Hours
Application of Marketing in Health care: Relevance and Application - difference between health care and other services as regards marketing - Public Relations: Introduction, Definition of Public Relations, Public- internal & external- theory and concept of Public Relation - Role of Public Relation staff - Training and development of frontline staff – Public Private Partnerships. 15Hours
NOTE: Relevant case studies in healthcare should be taken up for discussion in the class. References:
HA- 303 LEGAL ISSUES IN HEALTHCARE & BUSINESS ETHICS OBJECTIVE: To expose the students to the various legal aspects concerning business, service and healthcare and create awareness on the relevance and their application Chapter 1: Introduction – Overview of laws in business and healthcare – Sources of law – interpretation of law – impact of Indian Constitution on Law – judicial Decisions by Supreme Courts and High Courts – Important Provision of Indian Contracts Act – Sale of Goods Act – Trade Union Act – Trust Act – Societies Registration Act. 8 Hours
Medico Legal Procedures – Medical Jurisprudence – Patient confidentiality – Law of Torts – Law on Communicable diseases – Notifiable diseases – WHO – International Health Regulations 8 Hours Chapter 3: MODULE 3: Environment Protection Act: Salient Features Occupational Hazards, Safety and Health Measures – Food and Drugs Laws – Drugs and Cosmetics Act – Mental Health Act – Birth & Death Registrations Act – Biomedical Waste Management Act and their applications and relevance in healthcare. 10 Hours
An overview of MCI Act, Pre Natal Diagnostic Test Act, Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, Organ Transplantation Act – Medical Negligence – Consumer Protection Act – Patient Rights – 6 Hours
Significant provisions from Income Tax Act- Contract Labour and Casual Labour Acts- an over view of Shops and Establishment Act, Minimum Wages Act, Payment of Wages Act, Employees State Insurance Act, Provident Fund Act, Payment of Gratuity and Equal Remuneration Act. 10 hours Chapter 6: Introduction to ethics; nature, scope and purpose – Importance of ethics and moral standards - Values, Norms, Beliefs and Standards – Normative ethics in management – ethics and morals. 3 hours
Managing ethics – ethics and the organization – Myths about business ethics – Ethical dilemma – Ethics and the Environment – Ethical decision making – Moral Reasoning; Psychological perspectives – Moral Reasoning and Organisation Culture: Cultures based on fear, punishment and exchange. 7 hours
Chapter 8: Ethics in Management – Ethics in HRM – Ethics in Marketing – Ethics in Finance – Corporate Social responsibility: Pyramid of corporate social responsibility, domains of corporate social responsibility- Ethical codes of conduct – Protection of employees: guarding against sexual harassment. 8 hours TOTAL 60 Hours
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION Theory: - There shall be three papers of 3 hrs duration, carrying 100 marks each. MHA Third semester (Theory) THEORY EXAMINATION Duration : 3 Hrs Max Marks:100 Distribution of Marks
Paper wise questions III SEMESTER HA- 301 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE
HA 302 - Marketing Management in Healthcare Industry
HA- 303 LEGAL ISSUES IN HEALTHCARE & BUSINESS ETHICS
Fourth Semester HA-401 HOSPITAL PLANNING & ORGANISATION OBJECTIVES: To give an idea about hospital, its role the delivery of healthcare delivery system, the changing requirements of health services vis-a vis hospital design, planning and operational aspects of Hospital organization. Chapter 1: History & development of Hospitals – definition, classification, role & functions – hospitals in India today – hospital as a system. 4 Hours
Hospital Organisation - Governing board- Hospital Administrator; role and functions – Architects: role & functions in planning – Architects brief – Choosing a site - Site survey - Process of hospital planning – Hospital Design- Guiding principles in planning & design – Long range plans and facility master plan – Circulation pattern - Planning of different types of hospitals: 50 beds,100 beds, 500 beds and above – Operational and functional planning - equipment planning – operations planning – hospital building – Space requirement- Hospital project management.
Chapter 3: Planning & designing Clinical Services: OPD, Inpatient department, Emergency & Critical Services, Surgical and Medical Departments, specialty & super specialty services – Planning and Designing of Supportive Services: Diagnostic Services, Blood Bank, Pharmacy, CSSD , Dietary, Laundry, etc – Planning and Designing Utility services: Housekeeping, Hospital Engineering & maintenance dept, central stores, MRD, Entrance and Lobby area, Administrative services 18 Hours Chapter 4: Standards for designing hospital facilities: General standards, mechanical, electrical, centralized medical gas system - Safety & security considerations while planning – fire hazard- disaster management – maintenance department - occupational safety. 12 Hours
Biomedical Waste Management; Introduction, Segregation, Collection, Transportation -Disposal of waste: Methods and benefits of disposal. 5 hours
Chapter 6: Hospital statistics – hospital management information system(HMIS) – Application of computer in hospital administration – evaluation of hospital services 6 hours TOTAL 60 Hours NOTE: Relevant case studies in healthcare should be taken up for discussion in the class. Recommended Books
HA- 402 MANAGEMENT OF HOSPITAL SERVICES OBJECTIVE: To enable the students gain insights in to various aspects like importance, functions, policies and procedures, equipping, controlling, co-ordination, communication, staffing, reporting and documentation of both clinical and non clinical services in a hospital. Chapter 1: Outpatient department, Daycare, Accident and emergency services, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Occupational therapy unit, Physiotherapy department. 8 hours
Inpatient services: ward design (general & Specialised) Critical Care Services- ICU CCU, NICU- Medical Services- Surgical services- Operation Theater – Nuclear Medicine Department - Burns Unit- Nursing services and administration. 14 hours
Speciality Services: Pediatrics, OBG & GYN, ENT, Ophthalmology, Orthopedic, Psychiatry, Anesthesia, Dental – Super-specialty: Cardiology, Thoracic Surgery, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Nephrology- Dialysis Unit, Transplantation Services. 12 hours
Supportive services: Diagnostic - Radiology & Imaging services, Hospital Laboratory etc- Blood bank & Transfusion services, Ambulance services, Pharmacy, CSSD, Oxygen Manifold/Concentrator, Dietary Service, Hospital Laundry and Linen, Medical Social Worker, Marketing and Public Relation, Finance and Administrative departments- Outsourcing. 12 hours
Utility Services: Housekeeping, Hospital Engineering and maintenance, Biomedical Department , Central Stores and purchase department, Medical Records- confidentiality of records, reception, enquiry, registration and admission, central billing and accounts, Cafeteria/canteen, Mortuary. 10 Hours Chapter 6: Hospital Acquired Infection: source and control, Modern trends in Hospital administration - Disaster Management - Information systems: Telemedicine 4 Hours
NOTE: Relevant case studies in healthcare should be taken up for discussion in the class. Recommended Books
HA 403 QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE OBJECTIVE: To make the student conversant with the importance of total quality in healthcare, evolution of quality management, strategy for quality management, continuous quality improvement, co ordination of activities, assessment of quality, quality techniques. Chapter 1: Concepts of quality and total quality, Rationale for Quality improvement in health care, Concepts of quality assurance, Quality Management Philosophies- Deming Philosophy, Steps for quality improvement, commitment and involvement in service delivery, Taguchi’s principles, Feigenbaum’s philosophy, Patient focus and involvement. 6 Hours Chapter 2: Quality Control- tools and techniques: TQM Models, Quality standards, ISO and its implementation, Brainstorming, Benchmarking, Statistical Quality Control, Statistical process control, Process Charts, Fish Bone Diagram, six sigma concept, Poka Yoke and & Quality control tools - Continuous Quality Improvement – Quality Circles 12 hours Chapter 3: Concurrent, Terminal and Cyclic Evaluation, Audit in health care- Medical audit, Nursing audit, Pharmacy audit, Antibiotic audit, Tissue Committee, Reviews - Clinical audit; Defining audit protocol, audit team-duties & responsibilities - Patient Satisfaction Survey -Use of clinical practice guidelines, Integration of the health care system 15hours Chapter 4: Mortality review -Retrospective process review - Concurrent process review – Review of infection, births, premature, underweight babies – Post operative, post delivery, post anesthesia review – Discharge status, Leave against Medical advise – Average length of stay, average waiting time. 15 hours Chapter 5: Accreditation: Understanding the process of getting started on the road to accreditation , National & International Accreditation bodies - Overview of standards, Raising the quality of care for the patient-, Lessons learned from local organizations: patient focused standards. Quality improvement and patient safety. 12 Hours
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION Theory: - There shall be three papers of 3 hrs duration, carrying 100 marks each. MHA Fourth semester (Theory) THEORY EXAMINATION Duration : 3 Hrs Max Marks:100 Distribution of Marks
Paper wise questions HA-401 HOSPITAL PLANNING & ORGANISATION
HA- 402 MANAGEMENT OF HOSPITAL SERVICES
HA 403 QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE
SECTION-IV MONITORING LEARNING PROGRESS It is essential to monitor the learning progress of each candidate through continuous appraisal and regular assessment. It not only also helps teachers to evaluate students, but also students to evaluate themselves. The monitoring be done by the staff of the department based on participation of students in various teaching / learning activities. It may be structured and assessment be done using checklists that assess various aspects. Model Checklists are given in this Chapter which may be copied and used. The learning out comes to be assessed should include: i) Acquisition of Knowledge : The methods used comprise of `Log Book’ which records participation in various teaching / learning activities by the students. The number of activities attended and the number in which presentations are made are to be recorded. The log book should periodically be validated by the supervisors. Some of the activities are listed. The list is not complete. Institutions may include additional activities, if so, desired. Journal Review Meeting (Journal Club): The ability to do literature search, in depth study, presentation skills, and use of audio- visual aids are to be assessed. The assessment is made by faculty members and peers attending the meeting using a checklist (see Model Checklist – I, Section IV) Seminars / Symposia: The topics should be assigned to the student well in advance to facilitate in depth study. The ability to do literature search, in depth study, presentation skills and use of audio- visual aids are to be assessed using a checklist (see Model Checklist-II, Section IV) ii) Teaching skills : Candidates should be encouraged to teach undergraduate medical students and paramedical students, if any. This performance should be based on assessment by the faculty members of the department and from feedback from the undergraduate students (See Model checklist III, Section IV) iii) Dissertation: Please see checklist IV and V in Section IV. iv) Work diary / Log Book- Every candidate shall maintain a work diary and record his/her participation in the training programmes conducted by the department such as journal reviews, seminars, etc. Special mention may be made of the presentations by the candidate as well as details of experiments or laboratory procedures, if any conducted by the candidate. v) Records: Records, log books and marks obtained in tests will be maintained by the Head of the Department and will be made available to the University. Log book The log book is a record of the important activities of the candidates during his training, Internal assessment should be based on the evaluation of the log book. Collectively, log books are a tool for the evaluation of the training programme of the institution by external agencies. The record includes academic activities as well as the presentations and procedures carried out by the candidate. Format for the log book for the different activities is given in Tables 1 and 2 of Section IV. Copies may be made and used by the institutions. Procedure for defaulters: Every department should have a committee to review such situations. The defaulting candidate is counseled by the guide and head of the department. In extreme cases of default the departmental committee may recommend that defaulting candidate be withheld from appearing the examination, if she/he fails to fulfill the requirements in spite of being given adequate chances to set himself or herself right. Format of Model Checklists Checklist-I : MODEL CHECKLIST FOR EVALUATION OF JOURNAL REVIEW PRESENTATIONS Name of the student: Date: Name of the faculty/ Observer:
Checklist-II :MODEL CHECK LIST FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE SEMINAR PRESENTATIONS Name of the student: Date: Name of the faculty/ Observer:
Checklist - III : MODEL CHECK LIST FOR EVALUATION OF TEACHING SKILL Name of the student: Date: Name of the faculty/ Observer:
Checklist - IV : MODEL CHECK LIST FOR PROJECT WORK PRESENTATIONS Name of the student: Date: Name of the faculty/ Observer:
Checklist - V : CONTINUOUS EVALUATION OF PROJECT WORK BY GUIDE/ CO-GUIDE Name of the student: Date: Name of the faculty/ Observer:
OVERALL ASSESSMENT SHEET Date:
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