Recommendations for policy in the Western Cape Province regarding the prevention of Major Infectious Diseases including hiv/AI


Health Systems Trust, South Africa. 2003. Court ruling favours children orphaned by AIDS



Yüklə 1,26 Mb.
səhifə10/17
tarix03.04.2018
ölçüsü1,26 Mb.
#46560
1   ...   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   ...   17

Health Systems Trust, South Africa. 2003. Court ruling favours children orphaned by AIDS.


Available at http://www.hst.org.za/news/20031210. Accessed May 1, 2006.

Health Systems Trust. SA Health Review 2003. Available from: http://www.hst.org.za/publications/423

Heller RF, Gemmell I, Edwards R, Buchan I, Awasthi S, Volmink J. 2006. Prioritising between direct observation of therapy and case-finding interventions for tuberculosis: use of population impact measures. BMC Medicine 2006,4:35

Herek GM, Mitnick L. 1996. AIDS and stigma: A conceptual framework and a research agenda. Final report from a research workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health. AIDS Public Policy J. 1998 Spring;13(1):36-47.

Higgins, J. and Green, S. (2005). Section 6. Assessment of study quality. In: J. Higgins and S. Green, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 4.2.5 (updated May 2005). Chichester, UK, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Holmes KK, Levine R, Weaver M. 2004. Effectiveness of condoms in preventing sexually transmitted infections. Bull World Health Organ 82:454-461.

Holtz TH, Lancaster J,Laserson KF, Wells CD, Thorpe L, Weyer K. 2006. Risk factors associated with default from multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment, South Africa, 1999-2001. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10:649-655.

Hosseinipur M, Cohen MS, Vernazza P, Kashuba ADM. 2002. Can antiretroviral therapy be used to prevent sexual transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1? Clin Infect Dis 34:1391-1395.

Houk VN, Baker JH, Sorenson K, Kent DC. 1968. The epidemiology of tuberculosis infection in a closed environment. Arch Environ Health 16:26-50.

Houk VN, Kent DC, Baker JH, Sorenson K, Hanzel GD. 1968. The Byrd study. In-depth analysis of a micro-outbreak of tuberculosis in a closed environment. Arch Environ Health 16:4-6.

International Organisation for Migration. 2006. HIV/AIDS, population mobility and migration in Southern Africa: Defining a research and policy agenda.

Available at http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0001632/index.php. Accessed December 3, 2006.

Jaramillo E. 2001. The impact of media-based health education on tuberculosis diagnosis in Cali, Colombia. Health Policy Plan 16: 68-73.

Jewkes R, Penn-Kekana L, Levin J, Ratsaka M, Schrieber M. 1999. “He must give me money, he musn’t beat me”: Violence against women in three South African Provinces. Pretoria: CERSA (Women’s Health), Medical Research Council.

Jewkes R, Levin J, Penn-Kekana L. 2003. Gender inequalities, intimate partner violence and HIV preventive practices: Findings of a South African cross-sectional study. Soc Sci Med 56:125-134.

Jewkes RK, Nduna M, Levin JB, Jama PN, Khuzwayo N, Duvvury N, Koss MP. 2004. Rape of women: Risk factors for raping and association with HIV risk behaviours. Int Conf AIDS. Jul 11-16, Bangkok

Jewkes R, Abrahams N. 2002. The epidemiology of rape and sexual coercion in South Africa: An overview. Soc Sci Med 55:1231-1244.

Jochelson K, Mothibeli M, Leger JP. 1991. Human immunodeficiency virus and migrant labour in South Africa. Int J Health Serv 21:157-173.

Johnson BT, Carey MP, Chaudoir SR, Reid AE. 2006. Sexual risk reduction for persons living with HIV: Research synthesis of randomized controlled trials, 1993-2004. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr vol:pages.

Johnson LF, Coetzee DJ, Dorrington RE. 2005. Sentinel surveillance of sexually transmitted infections in South Africa: A review. Sex Transm Infect 81:287-293.

Juni, P., Altman, D. G. and Egger, M. (2001). Assessing the quality of randomised controlled trials.In: M. Egger, G. D. Smith and D. G. Altman, editors. Systematic reviews in health care: meta-analysis in context. London, BMJ: 87-108.

Kalichman SC. 1999. Psychological and social correlates of high-risk sexual behaviour among men and women living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care 11:415-427.

Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC. 2003. HIV testing attitudes, AIDS stigma, and voluntary HIV counseling and testing in a black township in Cape Town, South Africa. Sex Transm Infect 79:442-447.

Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC, Cain D, Jooste S, Skinner D, Cherry C. 2006. Generalizing a model of health behaviour change and AIDS stigma for use with a sexually transmitted infection clinic patients in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Care 18:178-182.

Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC, Jooste S, Cherry C, Cain D. 2005. Poverty-related stressors and HIV transmission risks in two South African communities. J Urban Health 82:237-249.

Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC, Kagee A, Toefy Y, Jooste S, Cain D, Cherry C. 2005. Associations of poverty, substance abuse, and HIV transmission risk behaviours in three South African communities. Soc Sci Med 62:1641-1649.

Katzenellenbogen JM, Joubert G, Karim SSA. 2001. Epidemiology: A Manual for South Africa. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.

Kawachi I, Kennedy BP, Lochner K, Prothrow-Smith. 1997. Social capital, income inequality, and mortality. Amer J Pub Health 87:1491-1498.

Kim J. 2000. Rape and HIV post-exposure prophylaxis: The relevance and reality in South Africa. 2000. Discussion paper presented at the WHO Meeting on Violence Against Women and HIV/AIDS: Setting the Research Agenda. October 23-25, Geneva.

Kim JC, Martin LJ, Denny L. 2003. Rape and HIV post-exposurepProphylaxis: Addressing the dual epidemics in South Africa. Reprod Health Matters 11:101-112.

Kirungi WL, Musinguzi J, Madraa E, Mulumba N, Callejja T, Ghus P, Bessinger R. 2006. Trends in antenatal HIV prevalence in Urban Uganda associated with uptake of preventive sexual behaviour. Sex Transm Infect 82(Suppl 1):i36-i41.

Kleintjes, S. 2006. The prevalence of mental disorders among children, adolescents and adults in the Western Cape, South Africa. South African Psychiatry Review. In press

Kok G. 1999. Targeted prevention for people with HIV/AIDS: Feasible and desirable? Patient Educ Couns 36:239-346.

Kongnyuy EJ, Wiysonge CS, Robinson EM, Nana P, Kouam L. 2006. Wealth and sexual behaviour among men in Cameroon. BMC Int Health Hum Rights 6:11.

Lagarde, E., Taljaard, D., Puren, A., Reathe, R.T., & Auvert, B. (2003). Acceptability of male circumcision as a tool for preventing HIV infection in a highly infected community in South Africa. AIDS 17:89-95

Lambert ML, Hasker E, Van Deun A, Roberfroid D, Boelaert M, Van der Stuyft P. Recurrence in tuberculosis: relapse or reinfection? The Lancet 2003;3:282-287

Lawn SD, Bekker LG, Wood R. How effectively does HAART restore immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis? Implications for tuberculosis control. AIDS 2005;19:1113-1124

Lawn SD, Bekker LG, Middelkoop K, Myer L, Wood R. Impact of HIV infection on the epidemiology of tuberculosis in a peri-urban community in South Africa: the need for age specific interventions. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2006;42:1040-7

Lawn SD, Wood R. Tuberculosis control in South Africa – will HAART help? South African Medical Journal. 2006;96(6):502-4

Leynaert B, Downs AM, de Vincenzi I. 1998. Heterosexual transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Am J Epidemiol 148:88-96.

Layzell S, McCarthy M. 1992. Community-based health services for people with HIV/AIDS: A review from a health service perspective. AIDS Care 4:203-215.

London L, Nell V, Thompson ML, Myers JF. 1998. Health status among farm workers in the Western Cape: Collateral evidence from a study of occupational hazards. S Afr Med J 88:1096-1101.

Luckhurst AJ. 1992. Mental Health, HIV and AIDS: A review of the literature. Aus Health Rev 15:76-88.

Lurie MN, Williams BG, Zuma K, Mkaya-Mwamburi D, Garnett GP, Sturm AW, Sweat MD, Gittelsohn J, Abdool Karim SS. 2003. The impact of migration on HIV-1 transmission in South Africa. Sex Transm Dis 30:149-156.

Lurie MN, Williams BG, Zuma K, Mkaya-Mwamburi D, Garnett GP, Sturm AW, Sweat MD, Gittelsohn J, Abdool Karim SS. 2003. Who infects whom? Migration and HIV in South Africa. AIDS 17:2245-2252.

Lyons T, Santo A. 2004. A literature review of the impact of social capital on the spread of HIV/AIDS in rural communities. Prepared for the Fifth Canadian Rural Health Society Conference, Ontario 2004.

Mahomva A, Greby S, Dube S, Mugurungi O, Hargrove J, Rosen D et al. 2006. HIV prevalence and trends from Data in Zimbabwe, 1997-2004. Sex Transm Infect 82(Suppl 1):i42-i47.

Maman S, Mwambo JK, Hogan NM, Weiss E, Kilonzo GP, Sweat MD. 2004. High rates and positive outcomes of HIV status disclosure to sexual partners: Reasons for cautious optimism from a VCT clinic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. AIDS Behav 7:373-382.

Mangtani P, Jolley DJ, Watson JM, Rodrigues LC. 1995. Socioeconomic deprivation and notification rates for tuberculosis in London during 1982-91. BMJ 310:963-966.

Marandu EE, Chamme MA. 2004. Attitudes towards condom use for prevention of HIV infection in Botswana. Soc Behav Pers 32:491-510.

Mason CJ, Markowitz LE, Kitsiripornchai S. 1995. Declining prevalence of HIV-1 infection in young Thai men. AIDS 9:10661-10665.

Mason CJ, Kitsiripornchai S, Markowitz LE. 1998 Nationwide surveillance of HIV-1 prevalence and subtype in young Thai men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr and Hum retrovirol 19:165-173.

Matovu JKB, Gray RH, Makumbi F. 2004. Voluntary HIV counselling and testing acceptance, sexual risk behaviour and HIV incidence in Rakai, Uganda. AIDS 19:503-511.

Mayaut P, McCormick D. 2001. Interventions against sexually transmitted infections (STI) to prevent HIV infection. Br Med Bull 58:1290-3.

Mayaud P, Mabey D. 2004. Approaches to the control of sexually transmitted infections in developing countries: Old problems and modern challenges. Sex Transm Infect 80:174-182.

Mbulo L. 2005. Alcohol use and alcohol-sexual expectations as risk factors for HIV/AIDS among young people in Zambia. PhD thesis, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

Medley A, O’Reilly K, Schmid G, Sweat MD. 2004. Systematic review of the efficacy of peer education in reducing HIV sexual risk behaviour in developing countries. 2004. Int Conf AIDS 2004 Jul 11-16; 15: abstract no ThPeD7661

National Institutes for Health. 2001. Workshop summary: Scientific evidence on condom effectiveness for Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) prevention. June 12-13, Herndon, Virginia.

McIntyre J. 2000. Approaches to reducing vertical transmission of HIV from mothers to infants. SA J Cont Med Educ 18:307-311.

McKinnon K, Cournos F, Herman R. 2002. HIV among people with chronic mental illness. Psychiatr Q 73:17-31.

McQuoid-Mason D, Dhai A, Moodley J. 2003. Rape survivors and the right to emergency medical treatment to prevent HIV infection. S Afr Med J 93:41-44.

Meade CS, Sikkema KJ. 2005. HIV risk behaviour among adults with severe mental illness: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 25:433-457.

Medical Research Council, Burden of Disease Research Unit 2000. Estimates of Provincial Mortality: South African National Burden of Disease Study.

Meel BL. 2003. A study on the prevalence of HIV-seropositivity among rape survivals in Transkei, South Africa. J Clin Forensic Med 10:65-70.

Medley A, Garcia-Moreno C, McGill S, Maman S. 2004. Rates, barriers and outcomes of HIV serostatus disclosure among wmen in developing countries: Implications for prevention of mother to child transmission programmes. Bull World Health Organ 82:299-307.

Mole L, Ripich S, Margolis D, Holodniy M. 1997. The impact of active herpes simplex virus infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus load. Infect Dis 176:766-770.

Morojele NK, Kachieng'a M, Nkoko MA, Moshia KM, Mokoko E, Parry CD, Nkowane MA, Saxena S. 2004. Perceived effects of alcohol on sexual encounters among young adults in South Africa: Dimensions and associations with sexual risk behaviour. Int Conf AIDS. Jul 11-16, 2004.

Morris M, Kretzchmar M. 2000. A microsimulation study of the effect of concurrent partnerships on the spread of HIV in Uganda. Working Paper 00-07. Pennsylvania State University.

Morris K, Parry C. 2006. South African methamphetamine boom could fuel further HIV. Lancet 6:471.

Morrison TC, Diclemente RJ, Wingood GM, Collins C. 1998. Frequency of alcohol use and its association with STD/HIV-related risk practices, attitudes and knowledge among an African American community-recruited sample. Int J of STD & AIDS 9:608-612.

Mugabo P. 2004. Management of HIV infection in rape survivors in the Cape Metropole region. Int Conf AIDS, Jul 11-16, place.

Mugisha F, Zulu EM. 2004. The influence of alcohol, drugs and substance abuse on sexual relationships and perception of risk to HIV infection among adolescents in the informal settlements of Nairobi. Journal of Youth Studies 7:279-293.

Nelson S, Mason C, Bagby G, Summer W. 1995. Alcohol, tumor necrosis factor, and tuberculosis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 19:17-24.

Nelson KE, Celentano DD, Suprasert S. 1993. Risk factors for HIV infection among young adult men in Thailand. JAMA 270:955-960.

Nguyet LT, Bain DL, Colby D, Thinh T, Giang LT, Mandel JS. 2004. Persons of high socioeconomic status and education in Vietnam are at risk of HIV infection. Int Conf AIDS Jul 11-16, Bangkok.

Nishiura H. 2003. Socioeconomic factors for tuberculosis in Tokyo, Japan – unemployment, overcrowding, poverty and migrants. Kekkaku 78:419-426.

Norr K F, Norr J L, McElmurry B J, Tlou S, Moeti M R 2004 Impact of peer group education on HIV prevention among women in Botswana. Health Care for Women International 25:210-26

Ogden J, Nyblade L. 2005. Common at its core: HIV-related stigma. Washington DC: International Centre for Research on Women.

O’Hara Murdock P, Garbharran H, Edwards M J, Smith M A, Lutchmiah J, Mkhize M 2003 Peer led HIV/AIDS prevention for women in South Africa informal settlements. Health Care for Women International 24: 502-12

Ohiorhenuan JFE, initial 2005. Social capital and HIV-AIDS research and policy development: An analytical framework. Prepared for the UNDP regional Project on HIV and Development.

Parker W, Nkosi Z, Birdsall K, Hajiyiannis H. 2004. Breaking the barriers: An analysis of condom-related calls to the national AIDS Helpline. Johannesburg: CADRE.

Parker W. 2006. Communication campaigns in the context of a severe HIV and AIDS epidemic in South Africa. Presentation to national workshop on AIDS communication, Cape Town, November.

Parry CD, Bhana A, Myers B, Pluddemann A, Flisher AJ, Peden MM, Morojele NK. 2002. Alcohol use in South Africa: Findings from the South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use (SACENDU) Project. J Stud Alcohol. 63:430-435.

Parry C. 2005. South Africa: Alcohol today. Addiction 100:426.

Paynter S, Hayward A, Wilkinson P, Lozewicz S, Coker R. 2004. Patient and health service delays in initiating treatment for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: Retrospective cohort study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 8:180-185.

Pettifor AE, Measham DM, Rees, HV, Padian NS. 2004. Sexual power and HIV risk in South Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 10:1996-2004.

Pettifor AE, Rees HV, Steffenson A, Hlongwa-Madlklzela L, MacPhall C, Vermaak K, Kleinschmidt I. 2004. HIV and sexual behavior among South Africans: A national survey of 15-24 year olds. Johannesburg: Reproductive Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand.

Pettifor AE, van der Straten A, Dunbar MS, Shiboski SC, Padian NS. 2004. Early age of first sex: A risk factor for HIV among women in Zimbabwe. AIDS 18:1435-1442.

Pettifor A E, Kleinscmidt I, Levin J, Rees H, Mac Phail C, Madikizela-Hlongwa L, vermaak K, Napier G, Stevens W, Padian N S 2005. A community-based study to examine the effect of a youth HIV prevention intervention on young people aged 15-24 in South Africa: results of a baseline survey 2005. Tropical medicine and International Health Vol 10(10):971-80

Pilcher CD, Tien HC, Eron JJ, Vernazza PL,Leu S, Stewart PW, Goh L, Cohen M. 2004. Brief but efficient: Acute HIV infection and the sexual transmission of HIV. J Infect Dis 189:1785-1792.

Ponticello A, Sturkenboom MC, Simonetti A, Ortolani R, Malerba M, Sanduzzi A. 2005. Deprivation, immigration and tuberculosis incidence in Naples, 1996-2000. Eur J Epidem 20:729-734.

Quigley MA, Mwinga A, Hosp M, et al. Long-term effect of preventive therapy for tuberculosis in a cohort of HIV-infected Zambian adults. AIDS. 2001;15:215-222

Quinn TC, Wawer MJ, Sewankambo N, Serwadda D, Li C, Wabwire-Mangen F, Meehan MO, Lutalo T, Gray RH. 2000. Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Rakai Project Study Group. N Engl J Med 342:921-929.

Rehle, T., Lazzari, S., Dallabetta, G., Asamoah-Odei, E.: 2004. Second generation HIV surveillance: better data for decision making. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82, 121-127.

Rieder HL. 1999. Epidemiologic basis of tuberculosis control. International union against tuberculosis and lung disease. Paris.

Rajeswari R, Chandrasekaran V, Suhadev M, Siva Subramaniam S, Sudha G, Renu G. 2002. Factors associated with patient and health system delays in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in South India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 6:789-795.

Rouillon A, Perdrizet S, Parrot R. 1976. Transmission of tubercle bacilli: the effects of chemotherapy. Tubercle 57:275-299.

Salomen JA, Hogan DR, Stover J, Stanecki KA, Walker N, Ghys PD. 2005. Integrating HIV Prevention and Treatment: From Slogans to Impact

Plos Medicine. Available from: http://www.plosmedicine.org

Sanchez-Perez HJ, Flores-hernandez JA, Jansa JM, Cayla JA, Martin-Mateo M. 2001. Pulmonary Tuberculosis and associated factors in areas of high levels of poverty in Chiapas, Mexico. Int J Epidemiol 30:386-393.

Sangani P, Rutherford G, Wilkinson D. 2004. Population-based interventions for reducing sexually transmitted infections, including HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev Issue 3:

Schwartzman K. Latent tuberculosis infection: old problem, new priorities. CMAJ. 2002;166(6):759-761

Selwyn PA, Hartel D, Lewis VA, etal. A prospective study of the risk of tuberculosis among intravenous drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Eng J Med 1989;320:545-550

Senkoro K, Boerma JT, Klokke A. 2001. HIV incidence and HIV-associated mortality in a cohort of factory worjkers and their spouses in Tanzania 1991 through 1996. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 23:194-202.

Sethosa E, Peltzer K. Evaluation of HIV counselling and testing, self-disclosure, social support and sexual behaviour change among a rural sample of HIV reactive patients in South Africa. 2005 Curationis. 2005 Feb;28(1):29-41

Siegfried N, Muller M, Volmink J, Deeks J, Egger M, Low M, Weiss H, Walker S, Williamson P. Male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men. Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2003, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD003362 DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003362

Sharma SK, Mohan A, Kadhiravan T. HIV-TB co-infection: Epidemiology, diagnosis and management. Indian J Med Res 2005;121:550-567

Sherman LF, Fujiwara PI, Cook SV, Bazerman LB, Frieden TR. 1999. Patient and health care system delays in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 3:1088-1095.

Shisana O, Rehle T, Simbayi LC, Parker W, Zuma K, Bhana A, Connolly C, Jooste, S, Pillay V. 2005. South African national HIV prevalence, HIV incidence, behaviour and communications survey. Cape Town: HSRC Press.

Shisana O. 2002. Nelson Mandela / HSRC study of HIV/AIDS: South African national HIV prevalence behavioural risks and mass media. Cape Town: HSRC.

Shreshra-Kuwahara R, Wilce M, DeLuca N, Taylor Z. 2003. Factors associated with identifying tuberculosis contacts. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 7(Suppl 3):S510-6.

Sethosa E, Peltzer K. 2005. Evaluation of HIV counselling and testing, self-disclosure, social support and sexual behaviour change among a rural sample of HIV reactive patients in South Africa. Curationis 28:29-41.

Shaikh N, Abdullah F, Lombard CJ, Smit L, Bradshaw D, Makubalo L Masking through averages--intraprovincial heterogeneity in HIV prevalence within the Western Cape, 2006. S Afr Med J. 2006 Jun;96(6):538-43

Simbayi LL, Strebel A, Cloete A, Henda N, Mqeketo A, Kalichman S. 2006. HIV status disclosure to sex partners and sexual risk behaviours among HIV positive men and women in Cape Town, South Africa. Sex Transm Infect 10

Simoni JM, Pantalone DW. 2004. Secrets and safety in the age of AIDS: does HIV disclosure lead to safer sex? Top HIV Med 12:109-118.

Sirisopana N, Torgusa K, Mason CJ. 1996. Correlates of HIV-1 seropositivity among young men in Thailand. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 11:492-498.

Siyam’kela . Policy Project. 2004.: Tackling HIV/AIDS stigma: Guidelines for the workplace. Cape Town: POLICY Project, Centre for the Study of AIDS, USAID, & Department of Health.

Smith J, Nalagoda F, Wawer MJ. 1999. Education attainment as a predictor of HIV risk in rural Uganda: Results from a population-based study. Int J STD AIDS 10:452-459.

Smit J, Myer L, Middelkoop K, Seedta S, Wood R, Bekker L-G, Stein DJ. 2006. Mental health and sexual risk behaviours in a South African township: A community-based study cross-sectional study. Public Health 120:534-542.

Sonkin LS. 1951. The role of particle size in experimental airborne infection. Am J Hyg 53:337-354.

Sonnenberg P, Glynn JR, Fielding K, Murray J, Godfrey-Fausset P, Shearer S. How soon after infection with HIV does the risk of tuberculosis start to increase? A retrospective cohort study in South African gold miners. Journal of Infectious Disease. 2005;191:150-8

South Africa Broadcasting Corporation. 2006. Special Assigment SABC 3. Available at http://www.sabcnews.co.za. Accessed December 3, 2006.

Spence DP, Hotchkiss J, Williams CS, Davies PD. 1993. Tuberculosis and poverty. BMJ 307:1143.

Spence DP, Hotchkiss J, Williams CS, Davies PD. 1993. Tuberculosis and poverty. BMJ 307:759-761.

Stall R, Leigh B. 1994. Understanding the relationship between drug or alcohol use and high risk sexual activity for HIV transmission: where do we go from here? Addiction 89:131-134.

Statistics South Africa. Census 2001. Available from: http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/html/C2001publications.asp

Stiffman AR, Dore P, Earls F, Cunningham R. 1992. The influence of mental health problems on AIDS-related risk behaviours in young adults. J Nerv Ment Dis 180:314-320.

Stern R. 2004. Social Capital formation in health: A concept document. Department of Public Health, University of the Western Cape.

Styblo K. 1980. Recent advances in epidemiologic research in tuberculosis. Adv Tuberc Res 20:1-63.

Sundquist K, Yang M. 2006. Linking social capital and self-rated health: A multilevel analysis of 11,175 men and women in Sweden. Health Place 31;1-11.

Tanser F, LeSueur D, Solarsh G, Wilkinson D.2000. HIV Heterogeneity and proximity of homestead to roads in rural South Africa: An exploration using a geographical information system. Trop Med Int Health 5:40-46.

Taylor S, Boffito M, Vernazza PL. 2003. Antiretroviral therapy to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV. J HIV Ther 8:55-66.

Tomlinson R. 2001. Housing policy in a context of HIV/AIDS and globalisation. Int J Urban Reg Res 25:649-657.

UNAIDS. 2000. Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT): Technical update. Geneva: UNAIDS

UNAIDS. 2004. Available from: http://www.thebody.com/unaids/wad2004/images/Slide2.JPG

UNAIDS 2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic.

Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/HIV_data/2006GlobalReport

United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS 2001. Available at http://www.un.org/ga/aids/coverage/FinalDeclarationHIVAIDS.html. Accessed September 15, 2005.

Van Dam, J., & Anastasi, M.C. (2000). Male circumcision and HIV prevention: Directions for future research. Population Council.

Vernazza PL, Eron JJ, Fiscus SA, Cohen MS. 1999. Sexual transmission of HIV: infectiousness and prevention. AIDS 13:155-166.

Vidanapathirana J, Abrahamson MJ, Forbes A, Fairly C. Mass media interventions for promoting HIV testing. Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2005, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004775. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004775.pub2

Visser M J, Schoeman J B, Perold J J. Evaluation of HIV/AIDS Prevention in South African Schools. 2004. Journal of Health Psychology Vol 9(2):263-80

Volmink J, Garner P. Directly observed therapy for treating tuberculosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 2. Art. No.:CD003343. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003343.pub2.

Walker D, Gutierrez J P, Torres P, Bertozzi S M 2006. HIV prevention in Mexican schools:prospective randomised evaluation of intervention 2006 BMJ doi:10.1136

Ward CL, Mertens JR, Flisher AJ, Bresick GF, Sterling SA, Distiller GB, Weisner CM. 2005. Substance abuse and HIV risk behaviours among primary health care service users in Cape Town.. S Afr Psychiatry Rev 8:160-165.

Wawer MJ Gray RH, Sewankambo NK, Serwadda D 2005. Rates of HIV-1 transmission per coital act, by stage of HIV-1 infection, in Rakai, Uganda. J Infect Dis 191:1403-1409.

Weinhardt LS, Carey MP, Johnson BT, Bickham NL. 1999. Effects of HIV counselling and testing on sexual risk behaviour: A meta-analytic review of published research. Am J Public Health 89:1397-1405.

Weir S S, Pailman C, Mahlalela X, Coetzee N, Meidany F, Boerma J T. 2003. From people to places: focusing AIDS prevention efforts where matters most. 2003. AIDS 2003, 17:895-903

Weiss HA, Buve A, Robinson NJ, Van Dyck E, Kahhindo M, Anagonou S, Musonda R, Sekeng L, Morison L, Carael M, Laga M, Hayes RJ; Study Group on Heterogeneity of HIV Epidemics in African Cities. 2001. The epidemiology of HSV-2 infection and its association with HIV infection in four urban African populations. AIDS 15(Suppl 4):S97-S108.

Weiss, H.A., Quigley, M.A., & Hayes, R.J. (2000). Male circumcision and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS 14:2361-2370

Weller S, Davis K. 2002. Condom effectiveness in reducing heterosexual HIV transmission. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Issue 4, 2003

Williams, B.G., Lloyd-Smith, J.O., Gouws, E., Hankins, C., Getz, W.M., Hargrove, J., et al. (2006). The potential impact of male circumcision on HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. PLOS Medicine 3(7):e262

Wilkinson D. 1999. Tuberculosis and health sector reform: Experience of integrating tuberculosis services into the district health system in rural South Africa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 3:938-943.

Wilson TE, Barron Y, Cohen M, Richardson J, Greenblatt R, Sacks HS, Young M. 2002. Women's Interagency HIV Study. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and its association with sexual behavior in a national sample of women with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 34:529-534.

World Health Organisation. 1994. Global Programme on AIDS. Management of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Geneva: World Health Organisation.

World Health Organisation.2003. The male latex condom: Specifications and guidelines for condom procurement: Geneva: World Health Organisation.

Wojcicki JM. 2005. Socioeconomic status as a risk factor for HIV infection in women in East, Central and Southern Africa: A systematic review. J Biosoc Sci 37:1-36.

Woldehanna S, Volmink J. Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV infected persons. Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2004, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD000171.DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000171.pub2.

World Health Organisation 2002. World Health Report 2002. Available from: www.who.int/whr/2002/en

Wood R, Middelkoop K, Myer L, Grant AD, Whitelaw A, Lawn S, Kaplan G, Huebner R, McIntyre J, Bekker LG. 2007. Undiagnosed Tuberculosis in a community with high HIV prevalence - implications for tuberculosis control. Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 175. pp 87-93

Zuma K, Gouws E, Williams B, Lurie M. 2003. Risk factors for HIV infection among women in Carletonville, South Africa: Migration, demography and sexually transmitted diseases. Int J STD AIDS 14:814-817.



Zumla A, Malon P, Henderson J, Grange JM. 2000. Impact of HIV infection on tuberculosis. Postgrad Med J 76:259-268.

Appendix 1: Epidemiological profile of HIV & TB in the Western Cape




Source: HIV Antenatal Surveys, Department of Health, and Western Cape.




Figure 1: HIV prevalence by age group, Western Cape province



Table 1: HIV prevalence trends in antenatal clinic attendees

by area: Western Cape 2000-2005






Table 2 : 22 Highest burden TB clinics in the Western Cape



SUB-DISTRICT



FACILITY



TOTAL REGISTERED CASES

KHAYELITSHA

SITE B

2058

KHAYELITSHA

NOLUNGILE

1265

KLIPFONTEIN

GUGULETU

995

CT EASTERN

DELFT CHC

958

CT EASTERN

IKWEZI CHC

812

KLIPFONTEIN

NYANGA CLINIC

809

CT CENTRAL

LANGA CLINIC

781

MITCHELLS PLAIN

MZAMOMHLE

701

NRTHN PANORAMA

WALLACEDENE

694

KHAYELITSHA

KUYASA CLINIC

617

KLIPFONTEIN

VUYANI CLINIC

599

KHAYELITSHA

TOWN 2

541

MITCHELLS PLAIN

PHUMLANI

511

BREEDE VALLEY

WC DE DOORNS CLINIC

509

CT CENTRAL

CHAPEL STREET CLINIC

478

NRTHN PANORAMA

TABLE VIEW CLINIC

463

NRTHN PANORAMA

BLOEKOMBOS CLINIC

451

THEEWATERSKLOOF

GRABOUW CHC

445

GEORGE

THEMBALETHU CHC

440

CT EASTERN

MFULENI CHC/CLINIC

423

MOSSEL BAY

ALMA CLINIC

416

KHAYELITSHA

MATTHEW GONIWE CLINIC

415






Sub-districts_arranged_by_2004_antenatal_HIV_prevalence'>Sub-districts arranged by 2004 antenatal HIV prevalence





Sub-districts arranged by 2005 registered TB cases



Prev.

Dist.

Sub-district

Population




No. TB cases

Dist.

Sub-district

Population

33.0

1

Khayelitsha

329008

5641

1

Khayelitsha

329008

29.1

1

Klipfontein

344441

4300

1

Eastern

396718

17.8

3

Stellenbosch

117706

3908

1

Klipfontein

344441

17.4

5

Bitou

29183

3412

1

Northern

361400

17.4

5

Knysna

51466

2736

1

Mitchells Plain

430175

16.8

1

Eastern

396718

2345

3

Drakenstein

194413

15.1

1

Tygerberg

461243

2271

1

Tygerberg

461243

14.7

1

Mitchells Plain

430175

1888

1

Southern

280858

13.3

5

George

135405

1850

5

George

135405

13.0

2

Saldanha Bay

70439

1794

1

Western

289343

12.7

1

Northern

361400

1279

3

Witzenberg

83573

12.5

4

Theewaterskloof

93279

1250

4

Theewaterskloof

93279

12.5

4

Overstrand

55738

1083

3

Stellenbosch

117706

12.5

5

Hessequa

44120

1040

3

Breede river winelands

81274

12.5

5

Mossel Bay

71495

995

3

Breede valley

146028

10.8

1

Southern

280858

891

5

Oudsthoorn

84694

10.5

3

Witzenberg

83573

889

5

Mossel Bay

71495

10.5

3

W'lands WCDMA02

6498

865

2

Matzikama

50210

10.0

4

Cape Agulhas

26183

852

2

Saldanha Bay

70439

10.0

4

Swellendam

28080

778

5

Knysna

51466

10.0

4

O'berg WCDMA03

254

634

2

Swartland

72118

8.9

3

Drakenstein

194413

559

2

Cederberg

39326

8.9

6

Laingsburg

6682

555

2

Bergrivier

46324

8.9

6

Prince Albert

10512

524

4

Overstrand

55738

8.9

6

Beaufort West

37101

490

5

Kannaland

23969

8.9

6

Cent Karoo WCDMA05

6183

414

6

Beaufort West

37101

8.4

3

Breede valley

146028

309

5

Eden WCDMA04

14599

8.4

3

Breede river winelands

81274

270

4

Swellendam

28080

7.5

1

Western

289343

249

5

Bitou

29183

6.5

5

Kannaland

23969

218

4

Cape Agulhas

26183

6.5

5

Oudsthoorn

84694

200

3

W'lands WCDMA02

6498

6.5

5

Eden WCDMA04

14599

150

4

O'berg WCDMA03

254

6.2

2

Bergrivier

46324

125

5

Hessequa

44120

6.2

2

Swartland

72118

125

6

Prince Albert

10512

5.8

2

Matzikama

50210

122

2

W Coast WCDMA01

4255

5.8

2

Cederberg

39326

64

6

Laingsburg

6682

5.8

2

W Coast WCDMA01

4255

55

6

Central Karoo WCDMA05

6183

Yüklə 1,26 Mb.

Dostları ilə paylaş:
1   ...   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   ...   17




Verilənlər bazası müəlliflik hüququ ilə müdafiə olunur ©muhaz.org 2024
rəhbərliyinə müraciət

gir | qeydiyyatdan keç
    Ana səhifə


yükləyin