Reference techniques: harvard style

REFERENCE TECHNIQUES: HARVARD STYLE

Ronél Smit

with the aid of Catrin Ver Loren of Themaat for the Law examples


4th. Edition

February 2017

©The Library of the University of Johannesburg

Enquiries: Ronél Smit

Kingsway Campus

Auckland Park

Johannesburg

South Africa

[e-mail]

Tel: (00- 27) - (0)11-559-2651
Special thanks to Pieter and Stienie Koekemoer and also to Smook van Niekerk for their kindness and help .

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1What is referencing? 3

1.1What are the reasons for referencing? 3

1.2Terminology 3

2Tips on writing and referencing 4

2.1Collecting information 4

2.2Using the Internet 4

2.3Writing 4

2.4General tips 5

2.5Punctuation 5

2.6Alphabetising names (how to list the authors in alphabetical order) 5

2.7Several works by the same author 6

2.8Non-roman characters 6

2.9Commonly used abbreviations 6

2.9.1English abbreviations 6

2.9.2Afrikaans abbreviations 7

2.9.3German abbreviations 7

2.9.4Latin abbreviations dates and copyright 8

2.9.5“Revised” and “enlarged edition” in the major European languages 9

2.10Anonymous works (not signed ‘Anonymous’) 9

2.11Parentheses (Round brackets) 10

2.12Square brackets 10

2.13Double names 10

2.14Surnames starting with prefixes (Van der, Le, Du, etc.) 10

2.15Corporate bodies, organisations, etc. 10

2.16Date 11

2.17Place (Location) 11

2.18Publisher 12

2.19Digital object identifier: (DOI) 12

2.20Capitalisation (Using uppercase) 12

2.21Secondary citations (To be avoided!) 12

2.22Indentations (Title is indented in the second and third lines) 12

2.23Sample paragraph and reference list: Harvard method¹ 13

3Basic in-text referencing 14

3.1Internet/web sources 14

3.2In-text referencing where the author of the source is known 14

3.3In-text referencing where author is unknown or anonymous 14

3.4In-text referencing to more than one source 15

4General forms for reference lists 15

4.1Non-periodical literature 15

4.2Printed book 15

4.3E-book (Electronic book) no digital object identifier (DOI) but with URL 15

4.4E-book with DOI from e-book database 15

4.5Chapter in printed book 15

4.6Chapter in E-Book (electronic book) with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 16

4.7Periodicals 16

4.8Page numbering 16

4.9Periodical/ Journal/Magazine article in print 16

4.10Online journal article with DOI (Digital Object Identifier) 17

4.11Online journal article retrieved online from a web site 17

5Specific examples 17

5.1A book with only one author (in print) 17

5.2In-Text referencing a book on an e-reader like Kindle with/without pages 17

1.1A book by two or three authors (in print) 18

5.3 More than three authors 18

1.1Work with an editorial board 19

1.2Reference to more than one publication of same author in same year 19

5.4 Different authors with the same surname 19

5.5A book with an institution, organisation or association as author 19

1.1A book with (an) editor(s) 20

5.6A chapter in a book (not edited) 20

5.7Part/chapter of an edited book 20

5.8 Series 21

1.1Medieval authors and texts 21

5.9Anonymous work 22

5.10When author does not indicate himself/herself as ‘Anonymous’ use the title 22

5.11Anonymous article from online database 22

5.12A work with a foreign title 23

5.13Translated works 23

5.14Second, further or revised editions 23

5.15Date of publication unknown 23

5.16E-book(s) 23

5.17Chapter in an e-book 23

5.18Book on e-book database 24

5.19Government publications 24

5.20Dictionary with no author: 25

1.1Dictionary with author 25

5.21Entry in reference work without author or editor 26

5.22Entry in reference work with author or editor 26

5.23Encyclopaedia without an editor 26

5.24Encyclopaedia with an editor 26

5.25Entry without an author in an encyclopaedia 27

5.26Report 27

5.27Unpublished manuscript submitted for publication 27

5.28Unpublished manuscript 27

5.29Manuscript in preparation 28

5.30Unpublished raw data 28

5.31Published Dissertation or thesis 28

5.32Dissertation or thesis available from a commercial database 28

5.33Dissertation or thesis available from institutional database 28

5.34Unpublished dissertation or thesis 29

1.1Dissertation Abstracts International 29

1.2Dissertation or Thesis on Internet 29

5.35 Newspaper/Magazine article on various pages 29

5.36Newspaper article with author 30

1.1Anonymous newspaper/magazine article 30

1.2Editorial 30

5.37Letter to editor in online newspaper 30

5.38Newspaper in an archive or in a personal collection: 31

5.39Journal/ Magazine article with issue number 31

5.40Journal article in press 31

5.41Journal (periodical or magazine article) in print 31

5.42Print journal article with more than three authors 32

5.43Electronic copy of a journal article retrieved from database or Internet without DOI 32

5.44Online journal article with DOI 32

5.45Journal article without DOI retrieved online: Add URL 33

5.46Journal article with DOI retrieved from a database 33

1.1Article in an Internet-only journal 34

1.1Non-English journal article 34

5.47Review (in journal, magazine or newspaper): Book, film, theatre 34

5.48Special issue or section in a journal 35

5.49Monograph as part of a journal 35

5.50Abstract of a journal article 35

5.51Peer Commentary of journal article or Paper submitted for publication 36

1.1ERIC documents 36

5.52Online newsletter article no author 36

5.53In-house publication or circular 36

5.54Booklet, brochure, pamphlet or leaflet 37

5.55Study guide/ Lecture notes 37

5.56Speech 37

5.57Conference proceedings without author or title 37

5.58Conference proceedings with title, but without an author 37

5.59Conference proceedings with author 38

1.1Unpublished paper presented at a meeting 38

5.60Publication of limited circulation 38

5.61Web site of an organisation 38

5.62In-text reference to a whole website (Seldom used) (URL used) 38

5.63In-text reference to a html document (no page numbers as in PDF) 39

1.1Internet site with Author 39

5.64Internet document without author 39

5.65WIKIS 39

5.66Personal electronic communication (E-Mail) 40

1.1Newsgroups 40

1.2Online forums, electronic mailing lists 40

5.67Blog post/web log 41

5.68Blog comment 41

5.69Video blog post 41

5.70Twitter (Tweet(s)) 41

5.71Tumblr 42

5.72Personal communication 42

5.73Archival documents and collections, e.g. letters 43

5.74Archive source with information not stated in document, but of which the information is relatively certain 43

5.75Interview: transcribed or recorded 43

5.76Telephone or Skype conversation 43

5.77Second Life 44

5.78Software, Computer program, Mobile app 44

1.1Clinical guidelines 44

5.79Maps 45

5.80Radio Broadcast 45

5.81Podcast 46

5.82Video recording (medium before DVD) 46

5.83Television programme 46

5.84Single episode from television series 47

5.85Television programme sold by producer(s) 47

5.86Television advertisement 47

5.87Discography/ Music 47

5.88Discography/ Music 48

5.89Discography/ Music 49

5.90Live Concert 50

5.91iTunes 50

5.92Theatre performance (Ballet, Opera, Play) 50

5.93Authored play 50

5.94Film/Motion picture/DVD 51

1.1YouTube 51

5.95Instagram 51

5.96Microfiche/Microfilm 51

5.97Legal Materials 52

5.98Court decisions 52

5.99Text Citations of Legal Materials Court Decisions 52

5.100Unreported decisions 52

5.101Name v Name, Docket number (Court, Date of decision) 52

5.102Name of Act, Volume Source section number (year) 52

5.103Official name of act and year 52

5.104Legislative Materials 53

5.105Patents 53

5.106Standards 53

5.107Sacred texts 54

5.108Art 54

5.109When the art work is original (not illustrated) 54

5.110Art work illustrated 55

5.111Exhibition catalogue 55

5.112Photography 55

5.113Image/ Table 56

5.114Cartoons – book format, newspapers, etc. 56

6Evaluating Internet resources 56

6.1Authorship 57

6.2Accuracy of information 58

6.3Goals of the site 58

6.4Access 58

1List of sources 60