References

16 (6), 771-778

Danks, R.A., Dorevitch, M., Cummins, J.T. and Byrne, E. (1988), Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic-Acidosis and Stroke-Like Episodes (Melas) - Adolescent Onset with Severe Cerebral Edema. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine, 18 (1), 69-72

Seneviratne, B.I. and Reimers, J. (1990), Nonvalvular Atrial-Fibrillation Associated with Cardioembolic Stroke - the Role of Hypertensive Heart-Disease. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine, 20 (2), 127-134

Keywords: AUSTRALIA

Simons, L.A., Mccallum, J., Simons, J., Powell, I., Ruys, J., Heller, R. and Lerba, C. (1990), The Dubbo Study - An Australian Prospective Community Study of the Health of Elderly. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine, 20 (6), 783-789.

Abstract: The proportion of Australian population over 60 years has risen progressively over the last 40 years and this growth is projected to continue. Major health problems of the elderly include coronary heart disease, cerebro-vascular disease, osteoporosis and fracture. The risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke in middle-aged subjects have been extensively documented in prospective studies in Australia and elsewhere, and include lipid disorders, hypertension, cigarette smoking, diabetes and family history. Few prospective studies have been targeted exclusively on the elderly and information available with respect to vascular risk factors is fragmentary and contradictory. This is the background to a new prospective study of the health of elderly Australians now under way in Dubbo, NSW. The goals of the Dubbo Study are to identify predictors of mortality, hospitalisation and placement in long- term care, while specific aims are the study of risk factors for chronic diseases and disability. This report describes the study rationale, reasons for selecting Dubbo as the study site, methods and measures, participation rates and demography. The target population included all non-institutionalised subjects 60 years and over, domiciled in Dubbo, and is comprised of 1693 males and 2167 females. The attendance rate for an extensive medical and sociological baseline assessment over a 13 months' period was 73% for both sexes. The prospective study is now in place and within three to five years will be generating definitive information in the elderly

Keywords: AUSTRALIA/CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE/CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE/CHOLESTEROL/CORONARY HEART-DISEASE/FRAMINGHAM/HOSPITALIZATION/MEN/MORTALITY/OLDER/POPULATION/PROSPECTIVE STUDY/RISK FACTORS/RISK-FACTORS/SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS/THE ELDERLY

Lord, R.S.A. (1990), Transient Monocular Blindness. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology, 18 (3), 299-305.

Abstract: Transient monocular blindness (TMB) or amaurosis fugax is diagnosed when visual disturbance or loss (blindness, dimming, fogging, blurring) affects one eye for seconds or minutes. TMB may occur alone or in combination with transient hemispheric ischaemia (TIA). The cause of TMB is usually an atheromatous plaque at the carotid bifurcation in the neck liberating emboli or causing a temporary reduction in carotid and retinal blood flow. In most patients no embolus or ischaemic change is visible in the fundus. TMB should be investigated and treated in the same way as neurologic TIAs with emphasis on rapid detection of extracranial arterial disease, cardiac abnormalities and haematological disorders

Keywords: AMAUROSIS FUGAX/AUSTRALIA/CARDIAC ABNORMALITIES/CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA/DISEASE/DISSECTION/ENDARTERECTOMY/EXTRACRANIAL ARTERIAL DISEASE/HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS/INFARCTION/INTERNAL CAROTID-ARTERY/ISCHEMIC ATTACKS/STROKE/TIA/TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK/TRANSIENT MONOCULAR BLINDNESS/ULTRASONOGRAPHY

Alexander, G., Stevens, D. and Bradley, L.R. (1990), Intensive Observations During Lambing in A Goiter-Affected Flock, with Special Reference to Behavior of Lambs. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 30 (6), 749-757.

Abstract: This study documents an outbreak of congenital goitre in a flock of sheep under intensive observation for behaviour during lambing on pasture containing a high proportion of white clover (Trifolium repens). Thyroids were palpably enlarged in half of the lambs and much enlarged in 12% of lambs, reaching 42 g/kg bodyweight. The incidence of goitre increased as lambing progressed and with increasing ewe age, but tended to decrease with increasing litter size. Gestation period increased with increasing thyroid size. Lamb mortality was 3-fold higher in lambs with moderately or grossly enlarged glands than in lambs with little or no gland enlargement. Major factors contributing to death were poor vigour of lambs at birth, possibly due in part to impaired thermoregulation, and difficult or prolonged birth. Lambs with severe goitre were susceptible to heat stroke apparently through tracheal constriction. Activity of lambs was depressed according to the degree of thyroid enlargement. The correlations between various lamb behaviours and plasma thyroxine were no better than with the thyroid enlargement score. Twins had a higher mortality and less vigorous behaviour than singles with similar thyroid enlargement. Twins with much enlarged glands were particularly at risk. It is suggested that slight to moderate thyroid enlargement might not be detected in practical farming and could be more common than usually supposed. In the presence of other factors that prejudice survival, such as cold weather, prolonged and difficult birth and multiple birth, this 'subclinical' goitre could contribute to death of lambs

Keywords: AUSTRALIA

[Anon]. (1983), Stratified-Charging Applied to 2-Stroke Engine. Automotive Engineering, 91 (9), 55-56

Overstreet, R.M. and Rehak, E. (1982), Heat-Stroke in Nesting Least Tern Chicks from Gulfport, Mississippi, During June 1980. Avian Diseases, 26 (4), 918-923

Doerr, B.M., Miles, D.S. and Frey, M.A.B. (1981), Influence of Respiration on Stroke Volume Determined by Impedance Cardiography. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 52 (7), 394-398

Mckinney, M.E., Buell, J.C. and Eliot, R.S. (1984), Sex-Differences in Trans-Thoracic Impedance - Evaluation of Effects on Calculated Stroke Volume Index. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 55 (10), 893-895

Demey, C. and Enterling, D. (1988), Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac-Performance by Impedance Cardiography - Disagreement Between 2 Equations to Estimate Stroke Volume. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 59 (1), 57-62

Gathiram, P., Wells, M.T., Brockutne, J.G. and Gaffin, S.L. (1988), Prophylactic Corticosteroid Increases Survival in Experimental Heat-Stroke in Primates. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 59 (4), 352-355

Gulch, R.W. and Jacob, R. (1988), Geometric and Muscle Physiological Determinants of Cardiac Stroke Volume As Evaluated on the Basis of Model-Calculations. Basic Research in Cardiology, 83 (5), 476-485

Webster, J.S., Jones, S., Blanton, P., Gross, R., Beissel, G.F. and Wofford, J.D. (1984), Visual Scanning Training with Stroke Patients. Behavior Therapy, 15 (2), 129-143

Ross, J.E. (1983), Disturbance of Stereoscopic Vision in Patients with Unilateral Stroke. Behavioural Brain Research, 7 (1), 99-112

Saito, H., Inui, K., Matsukawa, Y., Okano, T., Maegawa, H., Nakao, K., Morii, N., Imura, H., Makino, S. and Hori, R. (1986), Specific Binding of Atrial Natriuretic Polypeptide to Renal Basolateral Membranes in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (Shr) and Stroke-Prone Shr. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 137 (3), 1079-1085

Morii, N., Nakao, K., Kihara, M., Sugawara, A., Sakamoto, M., Yamori, Y. and Imura, H. (1986), Decreased Content in Left Atrium and Increased Plasma- Concentration of Atrial Natriuretic Polypeptide in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (Shr) and Shr Stroke-Prone. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 135 (1), 74-81

Kato, J., Kida, O., Nakamura, S., Sasaki, A., Kodama, K. and Tanaka, K. (1987), Atrial Natriuretic Polypeptide (Anp) in the Development of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (Shr) and Stroke-Prone Shr (Shrsp). Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 143 (1), 316-322

Kato, J., Kida, O., Kita, T., Nakamura, S., Sasaki, A., Kodama, K. and Tanaka, K. (1988), Free and Bound Forms of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (Anp) in Rat Plasma - Preferential Increase of Free Anp in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (Shr) and Stroke-Prone Shr (Shrsp). Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 153 (3), 1084-1089

Kobayashi, Y., Momoi, M.Y., Tominaga, K., Momoi, T., Nihei, K., Yanagisawa, M., Kagawa, Y. and Ohta, S. (1990), A Point Mutation in the Mitochondrial Transfer Rnaleu(Uur) Gene in Melas (Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic- Acidosis and Stroke-Like Episodes). Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 173 (3), 816-822

Keywords: COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE/CYTOCHROME-C OXIDASE/DELETIONS/DNA/GENERATION/GENOME/IDENTIFICATION/KEARNS-SAYRE SYNDROME/MYOGENIC CELL-LINES/ORGANIZATION

Middaugh, S.J., Whitehead, W.E., Burgio, K.L. and Engel, B.T. (1989), Biofeedback in Treatment of Urinary-Incontinence in Stroke Patients. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 14 (1), 3-19

Minami, M., Senjo, M., Togashi, H., Yoshioka, M., Saito, H., Kawaguchi, H., Takebayashi, K. and Parvez, H. (1988), Kidney Glutathione S-Transferase Activity and Kidney Monoamine- Oxidase Activity in the Stroke Cases of Shrsp. Biogenic Amines, 5 (6), 517-&

Delbarre, G., Delbarre, B., Calinon, F., Ferger, A. and Loiret, C. (1990), Metabolism of Monoamines and Indoleamines in Gerbil Cerebral- Ischemia. Biogenic Amines, 7 (6), 557-568.

Abstract: The Mongolian gerbil was introduced as a stroke model because of its incomplete circle of Willis. Unilateral carotid ligation produced in such a fashion was not effective in all gerbils. We have selected gerbils by examination of the ocular fundus. To study the metabolism of monoamines and indoleamines in gerbil cerebral ischemia only gerbils with absence of retinal blood after ligation were selected as sensitive. One group served as control. Two groups were subjected to unilateral left carotid ligation and selected as sensitive and non-sensitive. Four h after ligation, levels of monoamines, indoleamines and protein concentrations were quantified. Neurological signs were evaluated. Compared to control group, dopamine significantly decreased and DOPAC significantly increased in the left caudate nucleus of the sensitive group but not of the non-sensitive group. In sensitive brain stem, HVA, 5-HT and 5-HIAA significantly increased. In the left sensitive caudate nucleus but not in the brain stem, protein concentration decreased significantly. The selection of sensitive and non-sensitive gerbils in order to determine the monoamines and indoleamines levels in correlation to neurological signs, was a suitable method for studying cerebral ischemia

Keywords: GERBIL/INDOLEAMINES/ISCHEMIA/MONOAMINES/NETHERLANDS/NEUROMEDIATORS/PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS/STROKE

Russell, M.O., Goldberg, H.I., Hodson, A., Kim, H.C., Halus, J., Reivich, M. and Schwartz, E. (1984), Effect of Transfusion Therapy on Arteriographic Abnormalities and on Recurrence of Stroke in Sickle-Cell Disease. Blood, 63 (1), 162-169

Wirtz, J.J.J.M., Leunissen, K.M.L., Vanesser, J.W.J., Cheriex, E.C., Slaaf, D.W., Reneman, R.S. and Vanhooff, J.P. (1990), Recombinant-Human-Erythropoietin and Its Effects on Macrocirculation and Microcirculation During Normovolemia - A Physiological Study of Hemodynamics, Fluid Status and Skin Microcirculation. Blood Purification, 8 (5), 285-294.

Abstract: In 9 chronic hemodialysis patients, treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo), longitudinal studies were performed to investigate possible changes in macro- and microcirculatory parameters during normovolemia, as assessed echographically by determining the inferior vena cava diameter and adjusting dialysis dry weight. Hematocrit increased from 19 +/- 4 to 33 +/- 5% (p < 0.001). Systemic vascular resistance increased from 1,020 +/- 259 to 1,283 +/- 245 dyn/s/cm-5 (p < 0.002), while mean arterial pressure remained unchanged. Cardiac index decreased (4.9 +/- 1.4 to 3.8 +/- 0.9 liters/min/m2; p < 0.02), caused by a decrease in heart rate (87 +/- 21 to 75 +/- 16 beats/min; p < 0.02) and stroke index (59.9 +/- 15.2 to 51.0 +/- 10.7 ml/m2; p < 0.02). Red blood cell volume increased (468 +/- 105 to 858 +/- 203 ml/m2; p < 0.001) and plasma volume decreased inversely ([I-125]-albumin; 2,008 +/- 338 to 1,664 +/- 225 ml/m2; p < 0.001), whereas total blood volume remained unaltered (2,476 +/- 397 to 2,518 +/- 352 ml/m2; n.s.). Total body weight increased (57.8 +/- 12 to 62.1 +/- 12 kg; p < 0.02), indicative of an anabolic effect of rHuEpo therapy. Skin capillary circulation as measured by transcutaneous oxymetry at 37-degrees-C skin temperature impaired, reflected by the increase of the time to peak after arterial occlusion (82 +/- 21 to 121 +/- 25 s; p < 0.02). The reactive hyperemic response following the release of occlusion showed a significant increase at high hematocrit (10.7 +/- 4.2 to 16.6 +/- 5.3 mm Hg; p < 0.02), whereas resting transcutaneous P(O2) values showed a slight but not significant increase (2.3 +/- 1.3 to 4.7 +/- 3.3 mm Hg; n.s.). The high number of pathological capillaries in hemodialyzed patients might be an additional factor for the increase in systemic vascular resistance

Keywords: BLOOD/HYPERTENSION/NORMOVOLEMIA/PATHOLOGICAL CAPILLARIES/RECOMBINANT HUMAN ERYTHROPOIETIN/STATE/SWITZERLAND/TRANSCUTANEOUS OXYMETRY

Shimamura, K., Shimada, T., Yamamoto, K., Sunano, S. and Okamoto, K. (1987), Noradrenaline Content and Release in the Mesenteric-Artery of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (Shrsp) and A New Strain of Shrsp (M-Shrsp). Blood Vessels, 24 (6), 334-338

Moriyama, K., Osugi, S., Shimamura, K. and Sunano, S. (1989), Caffeine-Induced Contraction in Arteries from Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Blood Vessels, 26 (5), 280-289

Thompson, L.E., Rinaldi, G.J. and Bohr, D.F. (1990), Decreased Activity of the Sodium-Calcium Exchanger in Tail Artery of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Blood Vessels, 27 (2-5), 197-201

Keywords: BLOOD/SWITZERLAND

Jorens, P.G., Hermans, C.R., Haber, I., Kockx, M.M., Vermylen, J. and Parizel, G.A. (1990), Acquired Protein-C and Protein-S Deficiency, Inflammatory Bowel-Disease and Cerebral Arterial Thrombosis. Blut, 61 (5), 307-310.

Abstract: Thromboembolic complications may occur in inflammatory bowel disease. Recently, we had the opportunity to observe a case of a cerebral arterial thrombosis in a young patient with active ulcerative colitis. Investigation of blood coagulation revealed a temporary Protein C, Protein S and Factor II deficiency. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a temporary Protein C and S deficiency in a patient with thrombosis and inflammatory bowel disease

Keywords: CHILDHOOD/COAGULATION/INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE/NEW-YORK/PROTEIN-C/PROTEIN-S/STROKE/ULCERATIVE COLITIS/ULCERATIVE-COLITIS/VITAMIN-K

Kertesz, A. and Sheppard, A. (1981), The Epidemiology of Aphasic and Cognitive Impairment in Stroke - Age, Sex, Aphasia Type and Laterality Differences. Brain, 104 (MAR), 117-128

Wise, R.J.S., Bernardi, S., Frackowiak, R.S.J., Legg, N.J. and Jones, T. (1983), Serial Observations on the Patho-Physiology of Acute Stroke - the Transition from Ischemia to Infarction As Reflected in Regional Oxygen Extraction. Brain, 106 (MAR), 197-222

Robinson, R.G., Kubos, K.L., Starr, L.B., Rao, K. and Price, T.R. (1984), Mood Disorders in Stroke Patients - Importance of Location of Lesion. Brain, 107 (MAR), 81-93

Zaidel, D.W. (1986), Memory for Scenes in Stroke Patients - Hemisphere Processing of Semantic Organization in Pictures. Brain, 109 547-560

Baron, J.C., Dantona, R., Pantano, P., Serdaru, M., Samson, Y. and Bousser, M.G. (1986), Effects of Thalamic Stroke on Energy-Metabolism of the Cerebral-Cortex - A Positron Tomography Study in Man. Brain, 109 1243-1259

Perani, D., Vallar, G., Cappa, S., Messa, C. and Fazio, F. (1987), Aphasia and Neglect After Subcortical Stroke - A Clinical Cerebral Perfusion Correlation Study. Brain, 110 1211-1229

Basso, A., Capitani, E., Dellasala, S., Laiacona, M. and Spinnler, H. (1987), Recovery from Ideomotor Apraxia - A Study on Acute Stroke Patients. Brain, 110 747-760

Nakashima, K., Rothwell, J.C., Day, B.L., Thompson, P.D., Shannon, K. and Marsden, C.D. (1989), Reciprocal Inhibition Between Forearm Muscles in Patients with Writers Cramp and Other Occupational Cramps, Symptomatic Hemidystonia and Hemiparesis Due to Stroke. Brain, 112 681-697

House, A., Dennis, M., Warlow, C., Hawton, K. and Molyneux, A. (1990), Mood Disorders After Stroke and Their Relation to Lesion Location - A Ct Scan Study. Brain, 113 1113-1129

Keywords: BRAIN

Colebatch, J.G., Rothwell, J.C., Day, B.L., Thompson, P.D. and Marsden, C.D. (1990), Cortical Outflow to Proximal Arm Muscles in Man. Brain, 113 1843-1856.

Abstract: Corticospinal influences on two antagonistic muscles of the shoulder were studied in 6 normal volunteers. Recordings were made of the discharges of single motor units from the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles and poststimulus time histograms constructed following either anodal electrical or magnetic cortical stimulation via the scalp. Contralateral anodal stimulation caused narrow short-latency peaks of excitation in motor units from both muscles, probably indicative of the arrival of the D or direct corticospinal volley. The size of the peaks led to estimates of the underlying excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) amplitude of 5.5 mV for the deltoid and 2.2 mV for the pectoralis motor units. Magnetic stimulation over the vertex caused multiple early peaks of excitation in motor units from both muscles but these peaks began at a greater latency than those produced by anodal stimulation. Additionally, magnetic cortical stimulation (and occasionally, contralateral anodal stimulation) caused a previously undescribed period of medium latency excitation in both muscles. These medium latency periods of excitation differed from the earlier events in that they occurred independently of the direction of current flow in the magnetic coil. This raises the possibility that they are the consequence of stimulation of bilaterally distributed cortical motor outflow pathways. The short-latency excitation strongly suggests that, in man, corticomotoneuronal projections exist to proximal as well as distal muscles of the contralateral arm. The strength of the projection to deltoid assessed by this method is similar to that to an intrinsic muscle of the hand and significantly larger than that to its antagonist, pectoralis. The possible bilateral organization of the additional medium-latency projection to these proximal arm muscles may contribute to two characteristic clinical features after a unilateral cerebral lesion, such as stroke: the relative sparing of proximal arm strength compared with distal and, secondly, ipsilateral weakness

Keywords: BRAIN/CEREBRAL-CORTEX/ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION/HAND/HUMAN MOTOR CORTEX/HUMAN-BRAIN/MAGNETIC STIMULATION/POTENTIALS/RESPONSES

Steinberg, A., Ishhorowitcz, M., Elpeleg, O., Mor, J. and Branski, D. (1986), Stroke in A Patient with Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome with A Good Outcome. Brain & Development, 8 (1), 70-72

Riege, W.H., Metter, E.J. and Hanson, W.R. (1988), Apparent Shift in Visual-Field Preference After Unilateral Stroke. Brain and Cognition, 7 (3), 361-373

Layman, S. and Greene, E. (1988), The Effect of Stroke on Object Recognition. Brain and Cognition, 7 (1), 87-114

Coslett, H.B. and Heilman, K.M. (1989), Hemihypokinesia After Right-Hemisphere Stroke. Brain and Cognition, 9 (2), 267-278

Sarno, M.T. and Levita, E. (1981), Some Observations on the Nature of Recovery in Global Aphasia After Stroke. Brain and Language, 13 (1), 1-12

Castrocaldas, A. and Confraria, A. (1984), Age and Type of Crossed Aphasia in Dextrals Due to Stroke. Brain and Language, 23 (1), 126-133

Habib, M., Alicherif, A., Poncet, M. and Salamon, G. (1987), Age-Related-Changes in Aphasia Type and Stroke Location. Brain and Language, 31 (2), 245-251

Huff, F.J., Mack, L., Mahlmann, J. and Greenberg, S. (1988), A Comparison of Lexical - Semantic Impairments in Left- Hemisphere Stroke and Alzheimers-Disease. Brain and Language, 34 (2), 262-278

Yang, B.J., Yang, T.C., Pan, H.C., Lai, S.J. and Yang, F. (1989), 3 Variant Forms of Subcortical Aphasia in Chinese Stroke Patients. Brain and Language, 37 (1), 145-162

Howe, P.R.C., Lovenberg, W. and Chalmers, J.P. (1981), Increased Number of Pnmt-Immunofluorescent Nerve-Cell Bodies in the Medulla-Oblongata of Stroke-Prone Hypertensive Rats. Brain Research, 205 (1), 123-130

Ohno, K., Ito, U. and Inaba, Y. (1984), Regional Cerebral Blood-Flow and Stroke Index After Left Carotid-Artery Ligation in the Conscious Gerbil. Brain Research, 297 (1), 151-157

Ariano, M.A. and Kenny, S.L. (1987), Neurochemical Differences in the Superior Cervical-Ganglion of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Stroke-Prone Variant. Brain Research, 415 (1), 115-121

Cechetto, D.F., Wilson, J.X., Smith, K.E., Wolski, D., Silver, M.D. and Hachinski, V.C. (1989), Autonomic and Myocardial Changes in Middle Cerebral-Artery Occlusion - Stroke Models in the Rat. Brain Research, 502 (2), 296-305

Kitagawa, K., Matsumoto, M., Handa, N., Fukunaga, R., Ueda, H., Isaka, Y., Kimura, K. and Kamada, T. (1989), Prediction of Stroke-Prone Gerbils and Their Cerebral- Circulation. Brain Research, 479 (2), 263-269

Madden, K.P., Clark, W.M., Marcoux, F.W., Probert, A.W., Weber, M.L., Rivier, J. and Zivin, J.A. (1990), Treatment with Conotoxin, An N-Type Calcium-Channel Blocker, in Neuronal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury. Brain Research, 537 (1-2), 256-262.

Abstract: Therapeutic efficacy of calcium channel blockers in stroke remains controversial, but previously used agents bind almost exclusively to L-type calcium channels. The newly-discovered N-type calcium channel is specific to neurons, and therapy involving blockade of this site has not been previously attempted. We assessed the neuroprotective effect of omega- conotoxin GVIA (CgTx), a blocker of N-type calcium channels, using both in vitro hypoxic injury to rat cortical neurons and an in vivo model of reversible spinal cord ischemia in the rabbit. In cell cultures, CgTx inhibited hypoxia-induced Ca-45 accumulation and neuronal injury minimally, compared to the NMDA antagonist ketamine. In vivo, the duration of spinal cord ischemia which produced permanent paraplegia in 50% of control animals (ET50) was 24.0 +/- 2.6 min. Animals treated 2 h prior to ischemia with 0.5 nmol CgTx in the subarachnoid space had a ET50 of 26.9 +/- 2.8 min (P = 0.36). Animals treated 24 h prior to ischemia (all had persistent systemic tremor) had a ET50 of 28.9 +/- 1.8 min (P = 0.13). We conclude that pharmacologic modulation of the N-type calcium channel does not provide a significant protective effect against neuronal hypoxic-ischemic injury

Keywords: ANTAGONISTS REDUCE/BRAIN/CALCIUM/CEREBRAL-ARTERY OCCLUSION/CONOTOXIN/DAMAGE/EXPERIMENTAL CNS ISCHEMIA/GLUTAMATE/HYPOXIA/ISCHEMIA/KETAMINE/NETHERLANDS/NIMODIPINE/NMDA/OMEGA- CONOTOXIN/PEPTIDE MODULATOR/RAT-BRAIN/RESPONSES/SPINAL CORD/SUBARACHNOID

Sugrue, D.D., Mckenna, W.J., Dickie, S., Myers, M.J., Lavender, J.P., Oakley, C.M. and Goodwin, J.F. (1984), Relation Between Left-Ventricular Gradient and Relative Stroke Volume Ejected in Early and Late Systole in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Assessment with Radionuclide Cineangiography. British Heart Journal,