References

7 (1), 11-15

Mysiw, W.J., Beegan, J.G. and Gatens, P.F. (1989), Prospective Cognitive Assessment of Stroke Patients Before Inpatient Rehabilitation - the Relationship of the Neuro- Behavioral Cognitive Status Examination to Functional Improvement. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 68 (4), 168-171

Sauter, A. and Rudin, M. (1989), Treatment of Hypertension with Isradipine Reduces Infarct Size Following Stroke in Laboratory-Animals. American Journal of Medicine, 86 (4A), 130-133

Horowitz, B.Z. (1989), The Golden Hour in Heat-Stroke - Use of Iced Peritoneal-Lavage. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 7 (6), 616-619

Indik, J.H. and Reed, K.L. (1990), Variation and Correlation in Human Fetal Umbilical Doppler Velocities with Fetal Breathing - Evidence of the Cardiac- Placental Connection. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 163 (6), 1792-1796.

Abstract: Doppler velocity waveforms in the human fetal umbilical vein and artery were analyzed during episodes of fetal breathing. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic velocities were measured from the umbilical artery waveform. Diastolic velocity varied the most with a mean (+/- SD) coefficient of variation of 16.0% +/- 5.0%. The coefficient of variation of systolic velocity was 7.8% +/- 2.4% and of heart rate was 5.0% +/- 1.8%. We also found that umbilical arterial flow was related to umbilical venous flow, implying an interdependence between fetal cardiovascular blood flow and placental blood flow. During breathing, venous flow varies because of changes in intrathoracic pressure in the fetus. This variation in umbilical venous velocity may affect the umbilical arterial diastolic velocity through alterations in placental filling, and may affect the umbilical arterial systolic velocity through alterations in ventricular filling, which the the Frank- Starling mechanism changes stroke volume. The interdependency of umbilical venous and umbilical arterial blood flow velocities must be considered in the interpretation of the significance of umbilical artery Doppler velocity measurements

Keywords: ARTERY/DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHY/FETAL BREATHING/FLOW/HUMAN FETAL CARDIOVASCULAR HEMODYNAMICS/UMBILICAL ARTERY/UMBILICAL VEIN/VEIN/WAVEFORMS

Pollak, V.E., Glasgreenwalt, P., Olinger, C.P., Wadhwa, N.K. and Myre, S.A. (1990), Ancrod Causes Rapid Thrombolysis in Patients with Acute Stroke. American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 299 (5), 319-325

Bohannon, R.W. and Andrews, A.W. (1990), Shoulder Subluxation and Pain in Stroke Patients. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 44 (6), 507-509

Keywords: CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS/HEMIPLEGIA/RELIABILITY OF TESTS/THERAPY

Kadish, A.H., Kou, W.H., Schmaltz, S. and Morady, F. (1990), Effect of Atrioventricular Relationship on Ventricular Refractoriness in Humans. American Journal of Physiology, 259 (5), H1463-H1470.

Abstract: Right ventricular refractory periods obtained using atrial and ventricular pacing with an atrioventricular (AV) interval of 160 ms were compared with those obtained with an AV interval of 0 ms in a group of 53 patients. The mean right ventricular effective refractory periods were longer at an AV interval of 160 ms than at an AV interval of 0 ms at pacing cycle lengths of 600 (mean 2.5 +/- 1.8 ms difference) and 400 ms (mean 3.8 +/- 2.4 ms difference; P < 0.01). In a subset of 10 patients, left ventricular volumes measured by two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated that pacing with an AV interval of 160 ms was associated with a higher end-diastolic volume and stroke volume than pacing with an AV interval of 0 ms (P < 0.001). Autonomic blockade did not alter the relationship between AV interval and ventricular refractoriness. We conclude that 1) right ventricular refractory periods are shorter at an AV interval of 0 ms than at an AV interval of 160 ms; 2) these differences are not caused by changes in autonomic tone but are associated with differences in ventricular volumes; and 3) if precise determinations of ventricular refractoriness are desired, then the timing of atrial systole should be controlled by atrial pacing

Keywords: ATRIOVENTRICULAR INTERVAL/CONTRACTION-EXCITATION FEEDBACK/ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY/EXCITABILITY/INTERVAL/MYOCARDIUM/PAPILLARY-MUSCLE/PHYSIOLOGICAL

Trimble, M., Bell, D.A., Brien, W., Hachinski, V., Okeefe, B., Mclay, C. and Black, J. (1990), The Antiphospholipid Syndrome - Prevalence Among Patients with Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attacks. American Journal of Medicine, 88 (6), 593-597

Keywords: NEW-YORK

Kornerbitensky, N., Mayo, N.E. and Kaizer, F. (1990), Change in Response-Time of Stroke Patients and Controls During Rehabilitation. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 69 (1), 32-38

Winberg, P. and Lundell, B.P.W. (1990), Left-Ventricular Stroke Volume and Output in Healthy Term Infants. American Journal of Perinatology, 7 (3), 223-226

Keywords: NEW-YORK

Moseley, M.E., Kucharczyk, J., Mintorovitch, J., Cohen, Y., Kurhanewicz, J., Derugin, N., Asgari, H. and Norman, D. (1990), Diffusion-Weighted Mr Imaging of Acute Stroke - Correlation with T2-Weighted and Magnetic Susceptibility-Enhanced Mr Imaging in Cats. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 11 (3), 423-429

Iso, H., Jacobs, D.R. and Goldman, L. (1990), Accuracy of Death Certificate Diagnosis of Intracranial Hemorrhage and Nonhemorrhagic Stroke - the Minnesota-Heart- Survey. American Journal of Epidemiology, 132 (5), 993-998

Osberg, J.S., Haley, S.M., Mcginnis, G.E. and Dejong, G. (1990), Characteristics of Cost Outliers Who Did Not Benefit from Stroke Rehabilitation. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 69 (3), 117-125

Breckwoldt, M., Wieacker, P. and Geisthovel, F. (1990), Oral Contraception in Disease States. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 163 (6), 2213-2216.

Abstract: Oral contraceptives are clearly contraindicated in patients with a history of thromboembolic disease, ischemic heart attack, or cerebral stroke. Patients requiring long-term anticoagulant treatment can be treated with gonadotropin- releasing hormone analogs to prevent ovulation, because ruptured follicles can cause massive intraperitoneal bleeding. Patients with essential hypertension and severe liver diseases should also discontinue treatment 4 weeks before major elective surgery. Migraine and diabetes mellitus are regarded as relative contraindications, depending on the individual situation. Long-term diseases, such as Crohn's disease, epilepsy, and sickle cell anemia, also require individualized consultation

Keywords: BLOOD-PRESSURE/DIABETES-MELLITUS/ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION/ISCHEMIC HEART ATTACKS/ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES/PILL/PREGNANCY/SEVERE LIVER DISEASE/THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASE

Takemoto, F., Miyanoshita, A., Shimamura, K., Sunano, S. and Endou, H. (1990), Intranephron Pge2 Production in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. American Journal of Physiology, 258 (4), H987-H993

Keywords: PHYSIOLOGICAL

Breithaupt, K., Erb, K.A., Neumann, B., Wolf, G.K. and Belz, G.G. (1990), Comparison of 4 Noninvasive Techniques to Measure Stroke Volume - Dual-Beam Doppler Echoaortography, Electrical-Impedance Cardiography, Mechanosphygmography and M-Mode Echocardiography of the Left-Ventricle. American Journal of Noninvasive Cardiology, 4 (4), 203-209

Haire, W.D. and Newland, J.R. (1990), Protein-C Deficiency and Anticardiolipin Antibodies in A Family with Premature Stroke. American Journal of Hematology, 33 (1), 61-63

Mcginnis, J.M. (1990), Prevention in 1989 - the State of the Nation. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 6 (1), 1-5.

Abstract: Substantial gains have been made in the health of Americans since 1970, notably the 50% decline in infant mortality; the increase of nearly 4 years in life expectancy for both men and women; the declines in stroke and coronary heart disease mortality of 54% and 43%, respectively; the decline of injury deaths by about 30%; and the decline in deaths from nontobacco related cancers by about 10%. These improvements in the overall national health profile have been accompanied by enhanced public awareness of the relationship between behavior and health outcomes as well as sustained behavior change among certain groups. On the other hand, the research advances of the last two decades have given the nation an even keener understanding of how short of our full potential we are falling. International comparisons as well as data on the status of minority and disadvantaged groups in the United States confirm some of these shortfalls-in particular with respect ot infant mortality, diabetes, motor vehicle deaths, suicide, and homicide. The complex etiologies of these problems require the forging of strong alliances with sectors outside the health arena, such as business and education, to seek solutions. [Am J Prev Med 1990;6:1-5]

Avis, N.E., Mckinlay, J.B. and Smith, K.W. (1990), Is Cardiovascular Risk Factor Knowledge Sufficient to Influence Behavior. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 6 (3), 137-144.

Abstract: This paper examines the level of cardiovascular risk knowledge in the general population and the relationship between such knowledge and behavior. The following questions are addressed: (1) How informed is the general population about what persons can do to reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease? (2) How do sociodemographic factors, self-perceptions of health, and cardiovascular risk factors relate to knowledge? (3) Is there a relationship between knowledge and behavior? (4) What might explain apparent inconsistencies between knowledge and behavior? The data used in this paper derive from a random sample of 732 men and women form the greater Boston area. We assessed cardiovascular risk factor knowledge by asking respondents what specific steps a person could take to make a heart attack or stroke less likely. Risk factors (including physiological measures), sociodemographic factors, and self- perceptions of health also were measured. Results showed that respondents were most knowledgeable about the relationships of exercise and cholesterol to heart disease. Knowledge was related positively to education, being female, and exercising. When we compared knowledge with behavior, results showed that for smokers and those who were overweight, risk was related to awareness, thus suggesting that knowledge does not lead necessarily to risk-reducing behavior. Implications of these results in terms of education and prevention are discussed

Reed, D.M. (1990), The Paradox of High-Risk of Stroke in Populations with Low-Risk of Coronary Heart-Disease. American Journal of Epidemiology, 131 (4), 579-588

Keywords: HEART

Riegger, G.A.J., Elsner, D., Forssmann, W.G. and Kromer, E.P. (1990), Effects of Anp-(95-126) in Dogs Before and After Induction of Heart-Failure. American Journal of Physiology, 259 (6), H1643-H1648.

Abstract: In conscious dogs with and without congestive heart failure, we investigated hemodynamic, hormonal, and renal effects of a new natriuretic peptide [ANP-(95-126)]. Unlike ANP-(99-126), which is secreted in the heart and rapidly inactivated in the kidney, ANP-(95-126) most likely originates from the kidney and is not destroyed by proteolysis in membrane preparations of kidney cortex. In healthy animals intravenous ANP-(95-126) significantly decreased mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, and right atrial pressure and increased heart rate without changing mean pulmonary arterial pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance. In dogs with congestive heart failure, ANP-(95-126) showed no effects on mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, and peripheral vascular resistance but reduced right atrial pressure and pulmonary arterial pressure. Both, in dogs before and after the induction of heart failure, the new peptide led to a significant increase of urine flow and sodium and chloride excretion. In healthy dogs there were indirect indications for a small inhibitory effect on renin and aldosterone secretion. Thus, in contrast to the considerable attenuation of renal effects of ANP-(99-126) in heart failure, the efficacy of ANP- (95-126) on renal excretory function is well preserved, which may be because of the lack of proteolytic degradation in the kidney. These results suggest that ANP-(95-126) may have clinical implications for the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure

Keywords: ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM/ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR/KIDNEY/KIDNEY CORTEX MEMBRANES/NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE/PEPTIDE INFUSION/PHYSIOLOGICAL/PLASMA-LEVELS/RENAL EXCRETORY FUNCTION/RENIN/SYMPATHETIC-NERVE ACTIVITY/URODILATIN

Ram, C.V.S. (1990), Antiatherosclerotic and Vasculo-Protective Actions of Calcium- Antagonists. American Journal of Cardiology, 66 (21), I29-I32.

Abstract: Treatment of hypertension may prevent many of the complications attributable to blood pressure elevation, particularly those that are "pressure-related," such as stroke. However, the atherosclerotic complications of hypertension, e.g., coronary artery disease manifested as coronary morbidity and mortality, have not been reduced significantly with antihypertensive therapy. This disappointing outcome may reflect the adverse metabolic effects of the traditional therapies, diuretics and beta blockers, and their lack of specific vasoprotective properties. Increasing attention is thus being paid to the newer antihypertensive agents, which typically have fewer adverse effects and perhaps more physiologic mechanisms of antihypertensive action. Since calcium plays a key role in the genesis of atherosclerosis, calcium antagonists may positively affect the course of vascular disease. Investigators have observed that calcium antagonists display clear antiatherosclerotic properties in experimental as well as clinical studies. In one recently published clinical study, coronary artery disease was shown to develop more slowly, with a slower progression of individual stenoses, higher regression rate and less frequent occurrence of new lesions in patients treated chronically with verapamil compared to those receiving conventional therapies. Other similar investigations are currently under way to evaluate the antiatherogenic properties of calcium anatgonists, including the Frankfurt Isoptin Progression Study (FIPS), the Multicenter Isradipine Diuretic Atherosclerosis Study (MIDAS), the International Nifedipine Trial on Atherosclerosis Coronary Therapy (INTACT), and the large-scale Montreal Heart Institute Study. Results of these studies, which use precise end points such as myocardial infraction, cerebral infarction and peripheral vascular disease, may revolutionize the treatment of hypertension by identifying therapeutic approaches that control both the pressure-related and atherosclerotic complications of the disease

Keywords: ATHEROGENESIS/ATHEROSCLEROSIS/CHOLESTEROL-FED RABBITS/NEW-YORK/NIFEDIPINE/SUPPRESSION/VERAPAMIL

Jernigan, W.R. and Hamman, J.L. (1982), The Causes and Prevention of Stroke Associated with Carotid- Artery Surgery. American Surgeon, 48 (2), 79-84

Prioleau, W.H., Voegele, L.D. and Hairston, P. (1985), The Lucid Interval in Stroke Following Carotid Endarterectomy. American Surgeon, 51 (2), 114-115

Bunt, T.J. and Haynes, J.L. (1985), Carotid Endarterectomy - One Solution to the Stroke Problem. American Surgeon, 51 (2), 61-69

Gutierrez, I.Z., Barone, D.L., Makula, P.A. and Currier, C. (1987), The Risk of Perioperative Stroke in Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Bruits Undergoing Peripheral Vascular-Surgery. American Surgeon, 53 (9), 487-489

Bunt, T.J. and Cropper, L. (1987), The Role of Complete Cerebral-Angiography in the Evaluation of Patients with Prior Stroke. American Surgeon, 53 (2), 77-79

Edwards, W.H., Jenkins, J.M., Edwards, W.H. and Mulherin, J.L. (1988), Prevention of Stroke During Carotid Endarterectomy. American Surgeon, 54 (3), 125-128

Lawhorne, T.W. (1988), 100 Consecutive Carotid Endarterectomies Without A Death Or A Stroke. American Surgeon, 54 (3), 153-155

Vanheerden, P.V. and Collins, C.H. (1989), Heat-Stroke - An Uncommon Presentation. Anaesthesia, 44 (8), 660-662

Scherer, R. (1986), The Anesthetic Mishap - A Stroke of Fate Or Human Failure. Anasthesiologie & Intensivmedizin, 27 (12), 365-369

Coyle, P. (1987), Dorsal Cerebral Collaterals of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (Shrsp) and Wistar Kyoto Rats (Wky). Anatomical Record, 218 (1), 40-44

Martin, R.W. and Bashein, G. (1989), Measurement of Stroke Volume with 3-Dimensional Trans- Esophageal Ultrasonic-Scanning - Comparison with Thermodilution Measurement. Anesthesiology, 70 (3), 470-476

Pagel, P.S., Kampine, J.P., Schmeling, W.T. and Warltier, D.C. (1990), Effects of Nitrous-Oxide on Myocardial-Contractility As Evaluated by the Preload Recruitable Stroke Work Relationship in Chronically Instrumented Dogs. Anesthesiology, 73 (6), 1148-1157

Pagel, P.S., Kampine, J.P., Schmeling, W.T. and Warltier, D.C. (1990), Comparison of End-Systolic Pressure Length Relations and Preload Recruitable Stroke Work As Indexes of Myocardial- Contractility in the Conscious and Anesthetized, Chronically Instrumented Dog. Anesthesiology, 73 (2), 278-290

Weintraub, M.I. (1985), Methysergide (Sanser) Treatment in Acute Stroke Community Pilot-Study. Angiology, 36 (3), 137-142

Parnetti, L., Mercuri, M., Susta, A., Lupattelli, G., Ciuffetti, G. and Senin, U. (1988), Extracranial Carotid Atherosclerosis Evaluation and Stroke Occurrence - Role of the Echotomographic Analysis. Angiology, 39 (8), 705-713

Ciuffetti, G., Mercuri, M., Parnetti, L., Lupattelli, G. and Senin, U. (1988), Hemorheologic Factors in the Postacute Phase of Ischemic Stroke. Angiology, 39 (5), 437-448

Mercuri, M., Orecchini, G., Susta, A., Tazza, D. and Ciuffetti, G. (1989), Correlation Between Hemorheologic Parameters and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Stroke. Angiology, 40 (4), 283-286

Ciuffetti, G., Aisa, G., Mercuri, M., Lombardini, R., Paltriccia, R., Neri, C. and Senin, U. (1990), Effects of Ticlopidine on the Neurologic Outcome and the Hemorheologic Pattern in the Postacute Phase of Ischemic Stroke - A Pilot-Study. Angiology, 41 (7), 505-511

Saygi, S., Bolay, H., Tekkok, I.H., Cila, A. and Zileli, T. (1990), Fibromuscular Dysplasia of the Basilar Artery - A Case with Brain-Stem Stroke. Angiology, 41 (8), 658-661

Rosenbaum, D.M., Grotta, J.C., Yatsu, F.M., Picone, C.M., Pettigrew, L.C., Bratina, P., Zabramski, J., Spetzler, R., Lopez, L., Marler, J. and Ellis, D. (1990), Pilot-Study of Nicardipine for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Angiology, 41 (11), 1017-1022

Germain, P., Baruthio, J., Mossard, J.M., Wecker, D., Chambron, J. and Sacrez, A. (1989), Comparison Between the Left-Ventricular Stroke Volumes and Fractions Measured with Mri and Contrast Ventriculography. Annales de Cardiologie et D Angeiologie, 38 (6), 319-325

Perrigot, M., Bergego, C., Hocini, A. and Pierrotdeseilligny, E. (1982), The Shoulder Hand Syndrome During Stroke. Annales de Medecine Interne, 133 (8), 544-548

Nucci, C.A., Mazzetti, C., Rachidi, F. and Ianoz, M. (1988), Analysis of Electromagnetic-Field Originated by Lightning Return Stroke in the Time and Frequency-Domain. Annales des Telecommunications-Annals of Telecommunications, 43 (11-12), 625-637

Wilson, M.F., Sung, B.H., Pincomb, G.A. and Lovallo, W.R. (1989), Simultaneous Measurement of Stroke Volume by Impedance Cardiography and Nuclear Ventriculography - Comparisons at Rest and Exercise. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 17 (5), 475-482

Hatano, S., Minowa, M., Omura, T., Nagai, M., Fujita, T., Takeuchi, K. and Tsukamoto, M. (1984), Stroke Mortality and Proportional Expenditure on Selected Food Items in Japanese Communities. Annals of Clinical Research, 16 163-169

Benvenga, S., Morgante, L., Bartalena, L., Manna, L., Calzi, L.L., Coraci, M.A. and Trimarchi, F. (1986), Serum Thyroid-Hormones and Thyroid-Hormone Binding-Proteins in Patients with Completed Stroke. Annals of Clinical Research, 18 (4), 203-207

Slovis, C.M., Anderson, G.F. and Casolaro, A. (1982), Survival in A Heat-Stroke Victim with A Core Temperature in Excess of 46.5-C. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 11 (5), 269-271

Barber, F., Rosen, P. and Okin, T. (1982), Atrial-Myxoma Presenting As Stroke. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 11 (6), 316-318

Chobanian, S.J. (1983), Jaundice Occurring After Resolution of Heat-Stroke. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 12 (2), 102-103

Brott, T., Haley, E.C., Levy, D.E., Barsan, W.G., Reed, R.L., Olinger, C.P. and Marler, J.R. (1988), The Investigational Use of Tpa for Stroke. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 17 (11), 1202-1205

Delzoppo, G.J. (1988), Investigational Use of Tpa in Acute Stroke. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 17 (11), 1196-1201

Duke, R.J., Bloch, R.F., Turpie, A.G.G., Trebilcock, R. and Bayer, N. (1986), Intravenous Heparin for the Prevention of Stroke Progression in Acute Partial Stable Stroke - A Randomized Controlled Trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 105 (6), 825-828

Kaku, D.A. and Lowenstein, D.H. (1990), Emergence of Recreational Drug-Abuse As A Major Risk Factor for Stroke in Young-Adults. Annals of Internal Medicine, 113 (11), 821-827

Hillbom, M. and Kaste, M. (1990), Alcohol-Abuse and Brain Infarction. Annals of Medicine, 22 (5), 347-352.

Abstract: Recent findings on the relation between alcohol abuse and ischaemic brain infarction are reviewed. Much of the association has hitherto been explained by the effects of confounding factors such as smoking. Alcohol increases blood pressure in both hypertensive and normotensive subjects and alcohol induced hypertension enhances the risk of both hemorrhagic and ischaemic strokes. Analysis of case histories shows that alcohol abuse has precipitated cerebral embolism in conjunction with cardiac diseases including alcoholic cardiomyopathy and paradoxical embolism due to deep vein thrombosis via atrial septal defect. Among young adults, falling when intoxicated with alcohol has caused traumatic dissection of the carotid artery and consequent brain infarction. Alcohol may predispose individuals to cerebral embolism, thrombosis and ischaemia via its effects on the coagulation cascade, platelet count and function and contractility of the cerebral vessels. Further studies are needed to prove that these mechanisms are significant and to identify any other mechanisms which may mediate the risk associated with alcohol abuse. On the basis of current data, alcohol should be considered as an independent risk factor for ischaemic cerebral infarction in young adults

Keywords: ALCOHOL/ARTERIAL DISSECTION/BRAIN INFARCTION/CAROTID-ARTERY/CEREBRAL INFARCTION/CONSUMPTION/EMBOLISM/ETHANOL INTOXICATION/HYPERTENSION/ISCHEMIC STROKE/MEN/RISK FACTOR/SLEEP-APNEA/SMOKING/URBAN MEDICAL-CENTERS/YOUNG- ADULTS

Finklestein, S., Benowitz, L.I., Baldessarini, R.J., Arana, G.W., Levine, D., Woo, E., Bear, D., Moya, K. and Stoll, A.L. (1982), Mood, Vegetative Disturbance, and Dexamethasone Suppression Test After Stroke. Annals of Neurology, 12 (5), 463-468

Tencate, H., Henny, C.P., Buller, H.R., Tencate, J.W. and Magnani, H.N. (1984), Use of A Heparinoid in Patients with Hemorrhagic Stroke and Thromboembolic Disease. Annals of Neurology,