Report by the Secretariat

per se. The transport of natural persons (i.e. business persons) is itself an important input to trade in both goods and other services, as well as to foreign investment in diverse industries.

376 WTO (2005), pp. 213-264.

377 Ministry of Civil Aviation (2006); and Chattopadhyay (2006). See, for related background, Mukherjee and Sachdeva (2003).

378 See Bisignani (2005).

379 ^ Mukherjee and Sachdeva (2003). See also Bisignani (2005). But note that this challenge is being addressed by various initiatives, discussed below.

380 Bisignani (2005). See also WTO (2005).

381 According to official estimates provided by India, the rate of growth may be even higher. The official projected growth for the period 2006-2015 is 20% growth from 2006-07, 15% growth 2008-10 and thereafter 7.2% till 2015 in domestic sectors. In the international sector, the growth rate has been estimated as 11.6% from 2006-08 and 7.2% thereafter till 2015.

382 Bisignani (2005).

383 WTO (2005). In addition to the availability of infrastructure services, the quality of such services is an important consideration.

384 Ministry of Civil Aviation (2006).

385 Kingfisher (2005) and Paramount Airways (2005); the low cost carriers are: Air Deccan (2003); Spice Jet (2005); Go Air (2005); Indigo (2006); and Indus Airways (2006).

386 For airports in Greenfield areas, FDI up to 100% is allowed.

387 See Mukherjee and Sachdeva (2003), pp. 43-44.

388 In late 2005, the Director-General of IATA made the following observation on the state of India's airports and related infrastructure: "Without massive change, infrastructure will not be able to handle growth. Airports in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, and Bangalore are not adequate. Among them, Mumbai is the worst: service levels are not acceptable; delays are common and future growth cannot be accommodated" (Bisignani, 2005).

389 Ministry of Civil Aviation (2006), Chapter 7; see also Chattopadhyay (2006).

390 Mukherjee and Sachdeva conclude that "Overall, the government's airport privatization policy [has been] marked by indecisiveness, inconsistency and lack of transparency" (Mukherjee and Sachdeva, 2003, p. 45).

391 Ministry of Civil Aviation (2006); and Chattopadhyay (2006).

392 WTO (2005).

393 WTO (2005), and references cited therein.

394 Engineering services (e.g. planning, design, natural resources, civil, building engineering) are found, inter alia, under UN Common Coding System item 512000 and Central Product Classification (CPC) 8672. This section, which is intended to focus on engineering services only, is largely based on online information by: IBEF (2006a); Engineering Export Promotion Council (2005); and Ministry of Commerce and Industry (2006a).

395 Around 36% of total FDI is directed towards the engineering industry. Recently, the authorities permitted 100% FDI in construction and development projects. India has opened up infrastructure projects for power, roads, ports, the mining industry, and pharmaceuticals to private-sector participation and FDI.

396 The five main countries where major services are being outsourced are Canada, India, Ireland, the Philippines, and the Russian Federation. While Canada and Ireland are on the high-cost side, the Philippines, the Russian Federation, and India are the low-cost end.

397 Engineering Export Promotion Council Press release, 10 August 2006. Viewed at: http://www.eepcindia.org/pressrelease/PR-100806.pdf [28 November 2006].

398 Legal services refer to legal advisory and representation services, legal or juridical procedures, and the drawing up of legal instruments or documentation. They correspond to the United Nations Central Product Classification (CPC) 861 at the three-digit level. This section is largely based on online information by Ministry of Commerce (2006d); and Bar Council of India online information. Viewed at: http://barcouncilofindia.nic.in/disk1/functions.htm [20 November 2006].

399 The Hindu, "Legal services offshoring may earn $600 m revenue by 2010", 1 January 2006. Viewed at: http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2006010102100500.htm&date=
2006/01/01/&prd=bl& [20 November 2006].

400 The Hindu, "Playing on a new court", 12 September 2005. Viewed at: http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2005091200020100.htm&date=2005/09/12/&prd=
ew& [20 November 2006].

401 Advocates Act 1961. Viewed at: http://barcouncilofindia.nic.in/disk1/196125.pdf [27 November 2006].

402 The Companies (Amendment) Bill 2003 proposes that the limit on the number of partners be raised to 50.

403 Ministry of Commerce (2006d).

404 Health and medical services are wide-ranging and found, inter alia, under UN Common Coding System item 936000 and Central Product Classification (CPC) 9312 and 9312. This section is largely based on online information by: IBEF (2006b); Healthcare Market Review (2003); and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (2006).

405 According to some estimates, only 3% of India's population is covered under some form of voluntary health insurance (Watson Wyatt online information. Viewed at: http://www.watsonwyatt.com/Europe/pubs/healthcare/render2.asp?ID=11384 [13 March 2007].

406 The bulk of patients come from the United States, the United Kingdom, south and west Asia, and Africa. Tanzania and Mauritius have signed agreements with hospitals in India whereby treatment of their citizens is paid for by their respective governments.

407 These companies are BUPA from the United Kingdom, and Blue Cross Blue Shield from the United States.

408 The accrediting agencies are the Joint Commission International, and the Joint Commission of Accreditation of Hospital Organisations.

409 The health policy of 1983 stressed the need to encourage private initiatives in health services.

410 Medical Council of India online information. Viewed at: http://www.mciindia.org/
index.htm [30 November 2006].

411 India Together online information. Viewed at: http://www.indiatogether.org/2006/mar/law-imcamend.htm [30 November 2006].