Republic of turkey

ANNEX 20. NUMBER OF TURKISH ORIGIN SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS AND CITATIONS TO THESE PUBLICATIONS

Figure 1. Total Number of International Publications by Years



Figure 2. Total Number of Citations to Total Number of International Publications by Years



Figure 3. Number of Citations per International Publication by Years



SSCI

Figure 4. Number of Publications in Social Sciences by Years



Figure 5. Number of Citations to Publications in Social Sciences by Years



Figure 6. Number of Citations per Publication in Social Sciences by Years

A&HCI



Figure 7. Number of Publications in Arts and Humanities by Years



Figure 8.Total Number of Citations to Publications in Arts and Humanities by Years



Figure 9. Average Number of Citations per Publication in Arts and Humanities by Years



Figure 10. Publications in the Journals Indexed by SSCI (Social Sciences Citation Index) (5 Years Totals)



Figure 11. Number of Citations in the Journals Indexed by SSCI (5 Years Totals)



Figure 12. Number of Citations per Publication in the Journals Indexed by SSCI



Figure 13. Number of Publications in the Journals Indexed by A&HCI (Arts and Humanities Citation Index) (as 5 Years Totals)



Figure 14. Total Number of Citations in the Journals Indexed by A&HI (as 5 Years Totals)



Figure 15. Average Number of Citations per Publication in the Journals Indexed by A&HCI

ANNEX 21. CHANGE IN SALARIES OF THE ACADEMIC STAFF IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN TIME

Effect of the salaries paid to the academic staff in higher education is a significant determinant of the capacity of a higher education system to attract well educated individuals in a society. Unfortunately, income of the academic staff in Turkey is continuously decreasing relative to the society.

Expectation of the society from academic staff is very high. They are expected to know one or more than one foreign language at a high level. They are expected to be at frontier in their field and have a background sufficient to contribute to science in the world, publish high quality publications and give high quality lectures. In order to meet these expectations, this profession should be chosen by individuals who have high capacity and academic background. Ensuring that academic staff have an income level sufficient for a reasonable life is one of the ways of achieving this purpose. However, it cannot be said that this condition is fulfilled in Turkey except private universities.

Income level of the academic staff in state universities is continuously decreasing relative to the society. Graphs 1 and 2 indicate this process.

Graph 1. Salaries of Some Public Personnel by Years

(YTL 1 = TL 1,000,000)


Governor

Judge

Gen. Director

Colonel (Senior)

Prof. (4 years)

Years

Net

Salaries

(YTL)


Source: Information Note Submitted to Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit by Presidents of State Universities, February 18, 2002, the data after 2002 have been added.

Table 1. Salaries of Some Public Personnel by Years (YTL 1 = TL 1,000,000)

Years	Net Salaries (YTL)
	Governor	Judge	Gen. Director	Colonel (Senior)	Prof. (4 years)
1997	170	170	120	120	120
1998	300	300	270	270	270
1999	450	430	400	400	400
2000	650	630	510	510	510
2001	1,100	1,050	950	850	680
2002	2,050	1,950	1,700	1,450	1,200
2003	2,354	2,451	-	2,167	1,958
2004	2,609	2,746	-	2,428	2,194
2005	2,878	2,980	2,829	2,719	2,383
2006	2,947	3,129	2,974	2,854	2,502

Source: Information Note Submitted to Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit by Presidents of State Universities, February 18, 2002, the data after 2002 have been added.

Graph 1 shows the changes in net income of Governors, General Directors, Judges, Colonels and Professors that receive salary at level 1/4 and have high additional indicators in the last ten years. It is seen that income of professors is continuously decreasing. Numbers used for drawing the graph can be seen in Table 1. If series on salaries over periods exceeding ten years are drawn, it will be seen that decreases are even more.

The second decrease process in income of higher education academic staff is in income of academic staff other that professors. This decrease process can be seen in Graph 2 as well as Table 2 and 3. Decrease in income of young academic staff is a result of both of the above processes. This is an issue that should be underlined. Capacity of a university in the future depends on attracting young people with high capacity. However, decrease in their income levels is even steeper.

Graph 2. Salaries of Academic Staff by Years (YTL 1 = TL 1,000,000)


Research Assist.

Assist. Prof.

Assoc. Prof.

Prof. (4 years)

Net

Salaries

(YTL)

Years

Table 2. Salaries of Academic Staff by Years (YTL 1 = TL 1,000,000)

Years	Net Salaries (YTL)
	Prof. (1/4)	Assoc. Prof. (2/1)	Assist. Prof.	Research Assistant
1983	8.15	6.23	4.20	3.44
1990	28.95	19.29	15.16	10.00
1995	265.06	202.56	163.25	150.00
2000	560.14	423.06	361.47	269.00
2001	913.00	608.00	554.00	400.00
2006	2,443.00	1,600.00	1,300.00	900.00

Source: Information Note Submitted to Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit by Presidents of State Universities, February 18, 2002, the data after 2002 have been added.

Table 3. Changes in Salaries of Academic Staff Relative to Salaries of Professors

	1979	1983	1990	1995	2000	2001	2006
Prof.	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Assoc. Prof.	84	76	67	76	75	66	66
Assist. Prof.	79	52	52	61	64	60	50
Research Assist.	46	42	34	56	48	43	38

Source: Information Note Submitted to Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit by Presidents of State Universities, February 18, 2002, the data after 2002 have been added.

After 2006 Budget the Council of Ministers has prepared new draft laws that will increase salaries of some profession groups. There is no such preparation for higher education. That is, it is understood that relative loss in income of academic staff will continue in the near future.¹²³